1、2022年考博英语-大连理工大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Despite their good service, most inns are less costly than hotels of （ ）standards.问题1选项A.equivalentB.alikeC.uniformD.likely【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。equivalent “等价的”; alike “相同的”；uniform “统一的，一致的”；likely “很可能的”。句意：虽然他们服务好，但大多数小旅馆要比同等级水准的宾馆便宜。选项A符合题意。2. 单选题Out of （ ）re
2、venge, he did his worst to blacken her character and ruin her reputation.问题1选项A.perfectB.totalC.sheerD.integral【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。Perfect “完美的”；total “全部的”；sheer “绝对的；纯粹的”；integral “完整的”。句意：纯粹是出于报复，他拼命诋毁她的人品，毁坏她的名誉。选项C符合题意。3. 单选题To make it easier to return any purchases, save the original packaging,
3、 especially for electronic and household （ ）.问题1选项A.instrumentsB.facilitiesC.appliancesD.equipment【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。instrument “工具，乐器”；facility “设施，设备”；appliance “器具，装置”；equipment “设备，装备”。句意：为了退货方便，需要保留原来的包装，尤其是电子产品和家用电器。选项C符合题意。4. 单选题Water enters into a great variety of chemical reactions,（ ） have
4、been mentioned inprevious pages.问题1选项A.a few of itB.a few of thatC.a few of themD.a few of which【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句的用法。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是chemical reactions, 所以应该用which 引导。选项D符合题意。5. 单选题Generally, it is only when animals are trapped that they（ ） to violence in order to escape.问题1选项A.proceedB.appealC.resort
5、D.incline【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。proceed “开始”；appeal “呼吁，请求”；resort “诉诸”；incline “倾向”。句意：通常，动物只有在他们受困想要逃跑的情况下才会采取攻击行为。选项C符合题意。6. 单选题The governments（ ） is to make up chiefly of the money we pay in taxes.问题1选项A.tariffB.dutyC.revenueD.tax【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。tariff “关税”；duty “税收”；revenue “税收收入”；tax “税金”。句意：政府的财
6、政收入主要来源于我们的税收。选项C符合题意。7. 单选题If a person talks about his weak points, his listener is expected to say something in theway of （ ）.问题1选项A.persuasionB.remedyC.encouragementD.compromise【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。persuasion “说服”；remedy “补救”；encouragement “鼓励”；compromise “妥协”。句意：当有人谈到自己的弱点时，听者应当对他进行鼓励。选项C符合题意。8. 单选
7、题Despite Denmarks manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they are to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, they always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance, the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness an
8、d self indulgence of their countrymen and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in the eye and say Denmark is a great country. Youre supposed to figure this out of yourself.It is the land of the silk safety net, where almost half the national budget goes toward smoothing out lifes inequalities, and
9、 there is plenty of money for schools, day care, retraining programs, job seminars Danes love seminars: three days at a study center hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded by English, in advertising, pop music, the Internet, and despite all the Engl
10、ish that Danish absorbs there is no Danish Academy to defend against it old dialects persist in Jutland that can barely be understood by Copenhageners. It is the land where, as the saying goes, Few have too much and fewer have too little, and a foreigner is struck by the sweet egalitarianism that pr
11、evails, where the lowliest clerk gives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madam have disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. Its a nation of recycles - about 55% of Danish garbage gets made into something new and no nuclear power plants. Its a nation of tireless planners. Trains run on time. T
12、hings operate well in general.Such a nation of overachievers a brochure from the Ministry of Business and Industry says, Denmark is one of the worlds cleanest and most organized countries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most corruption-free society in the Northern Hem
13、isphere. So, of course, ones heart lifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti on buildings (Foreigners Out of Denmark!)，broken beer bottles in the gutters, drunken teenagers slumped in the park.Nonetheless, it is an orderly land. You drive through a Danish town, it comes to an end at
14、a stone wall, and on the other side is a field of barley, a nice clean line: town here, country there. It is not a nation of jaywalkers. People stand on the curb and wait for the red light to change, even if its 2 a.m. and theres not a car in sight. However, Danes dont think of themselves as a waiti
15、ng-at-a-a.m.-for-the-green-light people thats how they see Swedes and Germans. Danes see themselves as jazzy people, improvisers, more free spirited than Swedes, but the truth is (though one should not say it) that Danes are very much like Germans and Swedes. Orderliness is a main selling point. Den
16、mark has few natural resources，limited manufacturing capability; its future in Europe will be as a broker, banker, and distributor of goods. You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen, and these bright, young, English-speaking, utterly honest, highly disciplined people will get your goods a
17、round to Scandinavia, the Baltic States, and Russia. Airports, seaports, highways, and rail lines are ultramodern and well-maintained.The orderliness of the society doesnt mean that Danish lives are less messy or lonely than yours or mines, and no Dane would tell you so. You can hear plenty about bi
18、tter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholism and about perfectly sensible people who went off one day and killed themselves. An orderly society cannot exempt its members from the hazards of life.But there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danes grow up with. Certain things are yours by
19、virtue of citizenship, and you shouldnt feel bad for taking what youre entitled to, youre as good as anyone else. The rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits you get if you lose your job, the steps you take to get a new one; and the orderliness of the system makes it possible
20、 for the country to whether high unemployment and social unrest without a sense of crisis.1.The author thinks that Danes adopt a attitude towards their country（ ）.2.Which of the following is NOT a Danish characteristic cited in the passage?3.The authors reaction to the statement by the Ministry of B
21、usiness and Industry is（ ）4.According to the passage, Danish orderliness（ ） .5.At the end of the passage the author states all the following EXCEPT that（ ）问题1选项A.boastfulB.modestC.deprecatingD.mysterious问题2选项A.Fondness of foreign.B.Equality in society.C.Linguistic tolerance.D.Persistent planning.问题3
22、选项A.disapprovingB.approvingC.noncommittalD.doubtful问题4选项A.sets the people apart from German and SwedesB.spares Danes social troubles besetting other peopleC.is considered economically essential to the countryD.prevents Danes from acknowledging existing troubles问题5选项A.Danes are clearly informed of th
23、eir social benefitsB.Danes take for granted what is given to themC.the open system helps to tide the country overD.orderliness has alleviated unemployment【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:A第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.文章第一段第一句Despite Denmarks manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they are to be Danes， they always b
24、egin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance, the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness and self indulgence of their countrymen and the high taxes.提到尽管在外人看来丹麦有着非常多的有点，但是丹麦人自己并没有引以为傲，反而他们经常会谈论自己国家面积小、语言难懂等缺点，可以看出他们是非常谦虚的，选项B符合题意。2.文章第三段skinhead graffiti on buildings (Foreig
25、ners Out of Denmark!)提到在某些建筑物上写着“外国人滚出丹麦”可知部分丹麦人对外国人并不友好，选项A符合题意。3.文章第三段a brochure from the Ministry of Business and Industry says, Denmark is one of the worlds cleanest and most organized countries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most corruption-free society in the N
26、orthern Hemisphere.”提到丹麦工商部印发的宣传册上宣传丹麦是世界上最干净，最有秩序的国家，然而作者紧接着提出丹麦街头的一些不好的现象，比如有些大楼上写着“外国人滚出丹麦”、破碎的啤酒瓶，还有喝醉了的青少年等，由此看出作者对工商局的宣传持不同意的态度。选项A符合题意。4.文章第四段提到得益于做事有序，丹麦在欧洲的未来是作为代理商、银行和产品分销商（its future in Europe will be as a broker, banker, and distributor of goods），选项C符合题意。5.文章最后一段提到you shouldnt feel bad f
27、or taking what youre entitled to，排除选项B；由the rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone可以排除A；由the orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to whether high unemployment and social unrest without a sense of crisis可以排除选项D。所以选项C符合题意。9. 单选题Very few scientists （ ）completely new an
28、swers to the worlds problems.问题1选项A.come up withB.come outC.come roundD.come up to【答案】A【解析】考查动词词组辨析。come up with “提出，想出”；come out “出版”；come round “苏醒；顺道拜访”；come up to “到达，等于”。句意：很少有科学家对世界性的问题提出新的回答。选项A符合题意。10. 翻译题科技进步正在使我们能够探索宇宙的边陲、物质最基本的成分及生命的奇迹。与此同时，今天，人类所做的及没能做到的事情，不仅危害到这个星球上的生命， 也危害到该星球的寿命。全球化正在
29、使地球变得愈来愈小、愈来愈快和愈来愈富有。尽管如此，9/11、禽流 感及伊朗提醒我们，更小更快的世界决不意味着其更安全。我们正处于一个知识爆炸的世界之中，不过，迫切需要智慧。现在，在(新闻采访 的)原声摘要播出变得愈来愈短，即时信息淘汰了杂记文，个人生活变得如痴如狂之际，这个世界还是需要能够深思的大学生。考虑到这些理由，我过去信仰，而今天甚至更加强烈地信仰大学独特的、无可取代的使命。对今天许多人来说，科学家给人民的形象是他们收集数据，客观地追求真理。科学是如此受到尊重，以至在任何关于智力、教育、能源等话题的讨论中只要一 句话：“科学这样说的”就会把反对意见压下去。研究人员发现存在弄虚作假的现象
30、即许多科学家对所得资料加以修改，使之有利于学生本人期望的结果的倾向。【答案】The advancement of science and technology are enable us to probe the furthest reaches of the universe, the most basic constituents of matter, and the miracle of life.At the same time, today, the action and inaction of human beings threaten not only life on the
31、planet, but the very life of the planet.Globalization is making the world smaller and smaller, faster and faster. Still, 9/11, avian flu, and Iran remind us that a smaller and faster world is not necessarily a safer world.Our world is bursting with knowledge-but desperately in need of wisdom. Nowada
32、ys, when sounds bites are getting shorter, when instant messages crowd out essays, and when individual lives grow crazier, college graduates who are thoughtful are what our world needs.For all these reasons I believed, and I believe even more firmly today that the mission of the university is unique
33、 and irreplaceable.In many peoples eyes today, scientists are those who collect data and pursue truth objectively.Science is so respected that in any discussion on topics of intelligence, education and energy, the simple saying of “science says so” would suppress any dissenting opinion.Researchers d
34、iscovered the existence of falsifications, which is the tendency that many scientists revise the data they have obtained, to make it favorable for their expected results.11. 单选题The missile missed the （ ） by 1,500 meters at its first experimental flight.问题1选项A.destinationB.purposeC.targetD.terminal【答
35、案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。Destination “目的地”；target “目标”；purpose “目的”；terminal “末端，重点”。句意：在第一次试射中，导弹偏离目标1500米。选项C符合题意。12. 单选题They announced to the （ ） guests that they were engaged to be married.问题1选项A.adoptedB.acquiredC.accumulatedD.assembled【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。adopt “采取，采纳”；acquire “获得”；accumulate “积攒”；assembl
36、e “集合，聚集”。句意：他们向聚集在一起的客人宣布他们订婚的消息。选项D符合题意。13. 单选题Some people think that a（ ） translation, or word-for-word translation, is easier than afree translation.问题1选项A.literalB.literaryC.liberalD.linear【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。literal “照原文的，逐字的”；literary “文学的”；liberal “自由的”；linear “直线的”。句意：一些人认为直译或者逐字的翻译要比意译简单。选项
37、A符合题意。14. 单选题During their fist teacher training year, the students often visited local schools for the（ ）of lessons.问题1选项A.observationB.investigationC.inspectionD.examination【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。observation “观察，监视”；investigation “调查”；inspection “视察，检查”；examination “考试”。句意：这些学生在第一年教师培训期的时候，经常去一些当地学校观摩。选
38、项A符合题意。15. 单选题Over the last fifteen years, running has become a popular （ ）for 30 millionparticipants of all ages.问题1选项A.fantasyB.pastimeC.symposiumD.penalty【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。fantasy “幻想”；pastime “消遣，娱乐”；symposium “座谈会；penalty “惩罚”。句意：在过去的三十年里，跑步对于3000万名各个年龄层的参与者来说成为了一种非常受欢迎的消遣方式。选项B符合题意。16. 单选题The
39、 ）of the soil can be increased by using more fertilizers.问题1选项A.produceB.productC.productivityD.production【答案】C【解析】考查形似名词词义辨析。produce “产品”；product “产品，结果”；productivity “生产力”；production “成果，产品”。句意：通过使用更多肥料来提高土壤的生产力。选项C符合题意。17. 单选题Tom（ ） better than to ask Dick for help.问题1选项A.shall knowB.shouldnt kn
40、owC.has knownD.should have known【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。should have “本该”，表示本应该做，实际上没做，用虚拟语气。句意：汤姆早就该知道不能去找迪克帮忙。选项D符合题意。18. 单选题It may be worthwhile at this moment to （ ）and see what progress we have made after one years study in college.问题1选项A.look intoB.look aroundC.look overD.look back【答案】D【解析】考查动词词组辨析。Loo
41、k into “调查，研究”；look around “环顾”；look over “查看”；look back “回顾”。句意：现在回顾一下我们在大学的一年学习中所取得的进步是值得的。选项D符合题意。19. 单选题I am sure you would have seen her if you （ ）that evening.问题1选项A.had turned outB.had turned onC.had turned inD.had turned up【答案】D【解析】考查动词词组辨析。turn out “结果是”；turn on “打开”；turn in “交上”；turn up “出现”。句意：我确信如果你那天晚上出现的话肯定能够看到她。选项D符合题意。20. 单选题Generally, it is only when animals are trapped that they （ ）to violence in order toescape.问题1选项A.proceedB.appealC.resortD.incline【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。proceed “开始”；appeal “呼吁，请求”；resort “诉诸”；incline “倾向”。句意：通常，动物只有在他们受困想要逃跑的情况下才会采取攻击行为。选项C符合题意。
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