2022年考博英语-宁夏大学考前提分综合测验卷附带答案及详解套卷13.docx

1、2022年考博英语-宁夏大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题People from different cultures have different（ ）of the world.问题1选项A.impressionsB.complicationsC.foundationsD.conceptions【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项impressions“印象，观感”；B选项complications“并发症”；C选项foundations“基础，房建”；D选项conceptions“怀孕，概念，设想”。句意：来自不同文化的人对世界有不同的（ ）。这句话表达的意思是“不同的

2、人对世界有不同的看法”，因此A选项符合题意。2. 单选题There is supposed to be a safety（ ）which makes it impossible for trains to collide.问题1选项A.applianceB.accessoryC.machineD.mechanism【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项appliance“器具，器械”；B选项accessory“配件，附件”；C选项machine“机器”；D选项mechanism“机制，原理，途径”。句意：应该有一种安全_使火车不可能相撞。这里考查固定搭配safety mechanism“安全机

3、制”，因此D选项符合题意。3. 单选题Contemporary office technology requires software or programs to carry out complicated information processing activities. References to software usually indicate a set of instructions. A broader application of the term includes any no hardware element of a computer system: programs

4、 written documentation to accompany programs, flow charts, and user manuals, for example. The latter use of the term is rare.Software is now available from a variety of sources: hardware manufacturers and vendors, software houses (firms that develop and market software), and staff programmers (user

5、 developed software). Office supply houses, computer shops, and even bookstores market packaged software for the microcomputer market.Early computer users thought in terms of developing their own software or using software developed by computer manufactures to perform the information processing acti

6、vities desired form the computer system. Users of medium to large scale computer system. Still rely heavily on programs developed, tested, and perfected by their own programmers.Large to medium scale computer manufacturers or vendors have traditionally included software with the system package, some

7、times provide alterations necessary to customize the programs to user needs. These packages have represented significant portions of the purchases or lease price of systems.The microcomputer revolution in the early 1980s brought with it the concept of the commercial software publisher (software hous

8、e). Companies were formed to engage in writing and marketing software for all types and sizes of computers, but those producing software for microcomputers were especially numerous. Major hardware manufacturers began to market software produced by these software specialists with the systems. The qua

9、lity of the programs and instructional materials that accompanied them was frequently poor. Because of the ease with which users could duplicate software, software prices remained high. Yet, these high prices were frequently preferable to the cost of programs developed in house. Experience and compe

10、tition have increased a quality of both programs and instructional materials.1.According to the passage, the most commonly used definition of software is（ ）.2.Which of the following statements is NOT true?3.Large to medium scale computer manufacturers（ ）.4.Since the microcomputer revolution in the e

11、arly 1980s,（ ）.5.It is implied in the passage that（ ）.问题1选项A.complicated information processing activitiesB.any no hardware element of a computer systemC.a set of instructionsD.flow charts and user manuals问题2选项A.Now hardware manufacturers also develop and market software.B.Early computer users had n

12、o choice but to develop their own software.C.Software is now available for the microcomputer user even from bookstores.D.Early computer manufacturers also developed and marketed software.问题3选项A.rely heavily on software developed by their customersB.used to include software with the system packageC.c

13、an make changes for software to meet customer needsD.sell their system packages at very low prices问题4选项A.commercial software publishers have gradually disappearedB.major hardware manufacturer began to develop their own softwareC.many companies stopped the development of software for large computersD

14、there have been numerous choices of software for microcomputer users问题5选项A.it will cost a great deal more for computer users to develop their own software than buy itB.software prices remained high because it was not easy to develop any softwareC.it is very difficult for users to duplicate software

15、D.software has long been of high quality due to experience and competition【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第一段第二句References to software usually indicate a set of instructions.（对软件的引用通常表示一组指令。）因此可以看出最常见的定义就是一组指令，C选项“一组指令”正确。A选项“复杂的信息处理活动”，在第一段的第一句Contemporary office technology requi

16、res software or programs to carry out complicated information processing activities.（现代办公技术需要软件或程序来进行复杂的信息处理活动。）它并不是软件的定义；B选项“计算机系统的任何非硬件元素”和D选项“流程图和用户手册”，在第一段A broader application of the term includes.for example. The latter use of the term is rare.（这个术语的更广泛的应用包括计算机系统的任何硬件元素：例如程序、伴随程序的书面文档、流程图和用户手册

17、后一种用法很少见。）但是原文说了这一种用法很少见，因此错误。2.判断推理题。根据题干选项关键词定位到第三段第一句话Early computer users thought in terms of developing. form the computer system.（早期计算机用户的想法是开发自己的软件或使用计算机制造商开发的软件来执行所需的计算机系统信息处理活动。）因此B选项“早期的计算机用户别无选择，只能开发自己的软件”是不正确的。A选项“现在硬件制造商也开发和销售软件”，在第二段的第一句Software is now available from a variety of sour

18、ces: hardware manufacturers and vendors, software houses (firms that develop and market software), and staff programmers (user developed software).软件现在可以从各种来源获得：硬件制造商和供应商、软件公司（开发和销售软件的公司）和职员程序员（用户开发软件）。A项正确；C选项“现在微机用户甚至可以从书店买到软件”，在第二段的第二句Office supply houses, computer shops, and even bookstores mark

19、et packaged software for the microcomputer market.（办公用品店、电脑店，甚至书店都向微机市场出售打包的软件。）C选项正确；D选项“早期的计算机制造商也开发和销售软件”，在第三段的第一句Early computer users thought in terms of developing their own software or using software developed by computer manufactures to perform the information processing activities desired fo

20、rm the computer system.（早期计算机用户的想法是开发自己的软件或使用计算机制造商开发的软件来执行所需的计算机系统信息处理活动。）可见之前的制造商也开发并销售软件，D选项正确。3.事实细节题。根据题干和选项关键词定位到倒数第二段第一句话Large to medium scale computer manufacturers or vendors have traditionally included software with the system package, sometimes provide alterations necessary to customize t

21、he programs to user needs.（大型到中型计算机制造商或供应商传统上在系统包中包括软件，有时提供必要的修改，以定制程序，以满足用户的需要。）因此B选项“过去常常在系统包中包含软件”正确。A选项“严重依赖客户开发的软件”，在倒数第三段的最后一句话Still rely heavily on programs developed, tested, and perfected by their own programmers.（仍然严重依赖由他们自己的程序员开发、测试和完善的程序。）依赖的是程序员开发的软件而不是客户；C选项“可以对软件进行更改以满足客户的需求”，在倒数第二段的第

22、一句sometimes provide alterations necessary to customize the programs to user needs.（有时提供必要的修改，以定制程序，以满足用户的需要。）可以看出只是偶尔会这么做；D选项“以很低的价格出售他们的系统软件包”，这个是文章没有给出具体说法的。4.推理判断题。根据题干关键词定位到倒数第一段第二句话Companies were formed to engage in writing and marketing software for all types and sizes of computers, but those

23、producing software for microcomputers were especially numerous.（公司的成立是为了从事为各种类型和大小的计算机编写和销售软件，但是那些为微型计算机生产软件的公司尤其多。）因此可以看出在微机革命之后，关于计算机软件的公司增多了，D选项“微型计算机用户有许多软件可供选择”正确。A选项“商业软件出版商已经逐渐消失”，原文并没有说它消失了；B选项“主要的硬件制造商开始开发自己的软件”， 文章没有具体提到这点；C选项“许多公司停止了大型计算机软件的开发”，文章没有提及。5.判断推理题。根据选项关键词定位在文章最后一段Yet, these hi

24、gh prices were frequently preferable to the cost of programs developed in house. Experience and competition have increased a quality of both programs and instructional materials.（然而，这些高的价格往往是更可取的程序开发的内部成本。经验和竞争提高了课程和教学材料的质量。）也就是说明这些软件的开发主要都是难在经验上，因此人们自己去开发的成本是会非常大的，A选项“计算机用户开发自己的软件比购买软件的成本要高得多”正确。B选

25、项“软件价格居高不下是因为开发任何软件都不容易”，太笼统，不够具体；C选项“用户很难复制软件”，根据最后一段Because of the ease with which users could duplicate software, software prices remained high. （由于用户可以很容易地复制软件，软件的价格仍然很高。）可以发现用户复制软件并不难；D选项“由于经验和竞争，软件长期以来一直是高质量的”，在最后一段的倒数第四句The quality of the programs and instructional materials that accompanied

26、them was frequently poor. （节目和教学材料的质量通常很差。）可见软件的质量并不是一直都很好。4. 单选题Why should you think about in trying to find your career? You are probably better at some school subjects than others. These may show strengths that you can use in your work. A boy who is good at mathematics can use that in an engineer

27、ing career. So it is important to know the subjects you do well in at school. On the other hand, you may not have any specially strong or weak subjects but your records show a general satisfactory standard. Although not all subjects can be used directly in a job, they may have indirect value. Knowle

28、dge of history is not required for most jobs but if history is one of your good subjects you will have learned to remember facts and details. This is an ability that can be useful in many jobs.If you have had a part-time job on Saturdays or in the summer, think what you gained from it. If nothing el

29、se, you may have learned how to get to work on time, to follow instructions and to get on with older workers. You may have learned to give correct change in a shop, for example. Just as important, you may become interested in a particular industry or career you see from the inside in a part-time job

30、Facing your weak points is also part of knowing yourself. You may be all thumbs when you handle tools; perhaps you are a poor speller or cannot add up a column of figures. It is bitter to face any weaknesses than to pretend they do not exist. Your school record, for instance, may not be too good, y

31、et it is an important part of your background. You should not be apologetic about it but instead recognize that you will have a chance of a fresh start at work.1.Which of the following best sums up the first paragraph?2.The writer thinks that for a student to have a part-time job is probably（ ）.3.Ac

32、cording to the passage, if a students school record is not good, he（ ）.4.Which subject is supposed to have no direct value for job hunting?5.The whole passage centers on（ ）.问题1选项A.The importance of doing well at school.B.Using school performance to help to choose a career.C.The importance of being g

33、ood at all subjects.D.The indirect value of schoolwork.问题2选项A.a waste of time that could have been spent on studyB.useful for his future workC.a good way to earn extra moneyD.a good way to find out his weak points问题3选项A.will be a complete failure in his future workB.will not be able to find a suitab

34、le jobC.will regret not having worked harder at schoolD.may do well in his future work问题4选项A.Mathematics.B.English.C.Technical Drawing.D.History.问题5选项A.choosing a career according to what one is skilled inB.acquiring knowledge by working hard at schoolC.finding ones strong and weak pointsD.developin

35、g ones abilities useful in school work【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.归纳概括题。根据题干定位到第一段，第一段讲的就是人们可以在学校的功课中找到自己擅长的科目，并且将它未来直接或间接应用到具体的职业生涯中。Although not all subjects can be used directly in a job, they may have indirect value.（虽然不是所有的科目都可以直接使用在工作中，它们可能有间接的价值。）因此D选项“学校功课的间接价值”正确。A、B、C都只是片面观点，并不能总结全段

36、2.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第二段If you have had a part-time job on Saturdays or in the summer, think what you gained from it. If nothing else, you may have learned how to get to work on time, to follow instructions and to get on with older workers.（如果你在周六或夏天有一份兼职工作，想想你从中得到了什么。如果没有别的，你可能已经学会了如何按时上班，如何听从指示，以及如何与年长

37、的员工相处。）这些都是说的未来工作时可能用到的地方，因此B选项“对他将来的工作很有用”正确。A选项“浪费了本可以花在学习上的时间”这一点原文没有提及；C选项“赚外快的好方法”，原文也没有提及；D选项“这是找出他弱点的好办法”，这个也是原文没有描述的。3.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到倒数第一段Your school record, for instance, may not be too good, yet it is an important part of your background. You should not be apologetic about it but instead

38、 recognize that you will have a chance of a fresh start at work.（例如，你的学习成绩可能不是很好，但它是你背景的重要组成部分。你不应该为此感到抱歉，而是要认识到你将有一个重新开始工作的机会。）根据句意可以看出D选项“可能会在未来的工作中表现出色”正确。A选项“他将来的工作会彻底失败”；B选项“不能找到一份合适的工作”；C选项“会后悔在学校没有更努力学习”是原文没有提到的。4.事实细节题。根据题干可以定位到第一段Knowledge of history is not required for most jobs（大多数工作都不要求有

39、历史知识）。因此D选项“历史学科”正确。A选项“数学”；B选项“英语”；C选项“技术制图”都不是对工作没用的。5.主旨大意题。题干问的是全文的中心，立足于全文来看都是在说学校里做的不好也会获得收货以及Facing your weak points is also part of knowing yourself（面对你的弱点也是了解你自己的一部分），全文的段首还说到You are probably better at some school subjects than others. These may show strengths that you can use in your work.

40、你可能在某些科目上比其他科目更擅长。这些可以显示出你在工作中可以用得上的优点。）也就是说要按照自己的优势去找工作，因此A选项“根据自己的技能选择职业”正确。B选项“通过在学校努力学习获得知识”；C选项“找到自己的长处和短处”；D选项“培养对学校工作有用的能力”都是片面的信息。5. 单选题For one brief moment in April, Larry Ellison came within a few dollars of being the richest man in the world. The computer tycoon was holding a global conf

41、erence call on a Wednesday morning, when the value of his company surged.It was the moment he almost overtook Bill Gates, founder of Microsoft, as the wealthiest on the planet. For a few seconds, as share of traders marked Microsoft down and Oracle up, Ellison came within US $200,000 of Gates. The s

42、elf-proclaimed “bad boy” of Silicon Valley found himself worth more than US $52 billion, up from a mere US $10 billion this time last year. Then Microsofts share price, which had plunged in recent weeks, recovered and the moment passed.Once, Ellison, founder of the software company Oracle, would hav

43、e danced around his desk cursing like a pirate at failing to bring down Gates, a rival he had constantly made fun of in public. But Silicon Valley insiders said he remained calm, and muttered: “One day, one day very, very soon.” He knew his moment was close. Unlike Gates, he is not big on charity, p

44、referring to spend his money in his way. He has his own private air force, a military-style crew based at San Jose airport near Redwood City, to help him fly his Gulfstream V jet (with two marbled bathrooms), a Marchetti fighter plane imported from Italy, and a handful of other aircraft, including a

45、 trainer for his son. He also plans to import a Russian Mig-29 fighter (capable of 1,500 mph). Why does he want one? So that, he joked, he can blast Gates home near Seattle. Cars are cheap and cheerful by comparison. He has a relatively-modest Porsche Boxster, two specially altered Mercedes and a US

46、 $900,000 silver McLaren. In San Francisco he owns a magnificent house in Pacific Heights, one of Western Americas most expensive stretches of real estate. The house is a technical marvel: When he inserts his key, the opaque glass door turns transparent, revealing a Japanese garden in the middle of

47、the house. For reasons he knows best, Ellison is obsessed with Japanese culture.While Gates comes from a strong family, Ellison still does not know who his father was. He was born to an unmarried mother and adopted by his Russian uncle and aunt. A brilliant but unpredictable self-promoter, he droppe

48、d out of college, drove to California in a battered Thunderbird car and ended up working with computer technicians at a bank. “He always had a champagne lifestyle on beer money,” his first wife said.He set up Oracle in 1977 as a super-salesman with 3 programmers, creating software for businesses. It almost collapsed when it promised more than it could deliver, but since then its fortunes have soared. Now it employs 43,000 people and has designed data