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1、2012届英语复习专题 主谓语一致,主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持数的一致关系. 处理主谓一致一般遵循如下三个原则：,1.语法一致：指在语法形式上取得一致如：主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。 2.意义一致：指从意义上处理一致关系。如：主语形式上虽为单数但意义上为复数，谓语动词也用复数形式。 3.就近原则：指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。,1）The boy shows his mother much attention. 2) The boys are playing outside. 3) I often help him an
2、d he often helps me. 4) We often help each other and learn from each other.,1)The crowd were fighting for their lives. 2) Your new clothes fit you, but mine dont fit me. 3) The crowd were surrounding the government official. 4) The Chinese people are brave and hard-working.,1) There are two teachers
3、 and a student under the tree. 2) There is a student and two teachers under the tree. 3) Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to the music.,名词作主语的主谓一致 不定代词作主语 并列主语的主谓一致 表示数量的名词词组作主语 名词+介词词组,1.一般采用语法一致的原则, On each side of the street _ (grow) a lot of trees. This book _ very int
4、eresting.,are growing,is,如果以名词词组作主语,谓语动词和中心词一致. This exercise on English idioms _ not easy.,is,2.不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数 The air in the mountain _ fresh. The information on the experiment report _ valuable. A great deal of money _ needed to buy books.,is,is,is,3.集合名词作主语 有些集合名词 machinery, equipment, furnitu
5、re, jewellery clothing 表单数概念，用单数动词。 The furniture in the exhibition hall _ pleasant to look at. The equipment _well maintained.,is,is,(3) 有些集合名词 team ， audience， family ， crew ， class, public， government, enemy ，group，committee, 若作一个整体, 用单数动词; 若看为一个个成员，用复数动词。 Smiths family _a big one. The family _ h
6、aving a chat in the living room.,is,are, The population of China _(be) over 120 million and eighty percent of the population _ (live) in the country. Why _(have) the government have to raise the toll charges on the five highways? THE Government _ (be) to spend 124million developing a “new generation
7、“ of unmanned planes for the military.,is,live,does,is,(2) “the + adj/ed/ing.“ 采用意义一致的原则。表“人”作复数看,表“抽象物”则 作单数看. The young _more active than the old in the work. The injured in the accident_ an engineer. The beautiful _all the tourists.,are,is,attracts,4.以S 结尾的名词. 一些表示学科的名词, physics ,maths, politics
8、用单数形式. Physics _ a difficult subject to learn.,is,2) 专有名词 the United Nations, the United States. 用单数. The Arabian Nights _ well known to English lovers. The United Nations _founded in 1945.,is,is,天方夜谭,The Olympic Games in the year 2,008 _to be held in Beijing.,are,the Olympic Games 可用单数也可用复数,4) 有些名词
9、只以复数形式存在, glasses shorts, scissors, arms, clothes, goods. wages 等（见名词）用复数形式. 但有表示单数的量词与之连用, 则用单数形式。,My shoes _ torn after a long hiking in the forest. Another pair of trousers _(make) for me after the missing pair . This pair of shoes _ made in Nanjing.,were,was made,is,5)单复同形的名词, means ,species , w
10、orks等（见名词）,用意义一致的原则： 如表示 单数概念, 用单数形式; 表示复数概念,用复数形式.,The quickest means to protect wild life _ to forbid killing wild animals. All means _ (try) to save the sick panda since. The iron and steel works _(turn out) five hundred thousand tons of steel every year. Another two iron and steel works _ (build
11、) outside the city.,is,have been tried,has turned out,has been built,all, both 采用意义一致的原则。表人或物(可数)作复数, 但 all 表“所有的一 切” 作单数.,All that can be eaten _(eat up). - All he has _ (take away) from him. Both _ (feel) that they have grown up and that they can work alone.,have been eaten up,has been taken away,
12、feel,2. some, any, few 采用意义一致的原则。,Some _(be) wise and some_(be) foolish. Any _(be) better than none. _(have) any of you actually _ (see) a UFO? Very few _ (know) his address in the town.,are,are,is,have,seen,know,3.either, each 作主语,常用采用意义一致的原则，用单数动词。,Either of the two rooms _ large enough. Either ro
13、om_ large enough. Neither of the two rooms _large enough. Neither room_ large enough.,is,is,is,is,4. such 作主语时，采用意义一致的原则。,Such _ the situation we were facing. Such _ his words.,are,is,and, both.and 连结的并列主语 1）若代表两个不同的事物, 用复数形式. Both rice and cotton _in the southern areas. (grow),grow,2）若and 连结的并列成分作主
14、语 指同一人或物,如,salt and water, bread and butter等, 用单数形式. The secretary and cashier of the hotel _ absent today. The secretary and the cashier of the hotel _ absent today. The watch and chain _ beautiful.,is,are,is,当 “each / every + 单数名词 + and each / every +单数名词” 结构作主语时 During the holidays every train an
15、d ship _crowded. each boy and each girl _(have) a book. No man and no woman in the village _(know) that he is gone.,is,is,knows, 归纳 以下名词短语都可视作单数: a watch and chain 一块带链的表， a needle and thread 一套针线 a knife and fork 一副刀叉 a cup and saucer 一套碟子茶杯 a coat and tie 一件上衣带领带 bread and butter 奶油面包 aim and end
16、目的,time and tide 岁月 the long and short of it 总的意思 iron and steel 钢铁 law and order 治安 soup and salad 汤与凉拌菜 hard struggle and plain living 艰苦奋斗与生活简朴 truth and honesty 真诚 child care and education 对孩子的管教,2.not only.but also., neither.nor.,either.or.,or 连用的并列主语 Not only I but also Jane and Mary _tired of
17、 having one examination after another.,are, Neither he nor I _ clear about his intention. Either you or he _mistaken about me. _either of you a teacher? _ you or he a teacher?,is,is,Are,Are,1.数词+量度或时间的复数名词作主语: Twenty dollars in a week _ only a small sum Three hours with your girl friend _ (seem) to
18、be short time. It was reported that six _ (kill) including a boy.,is,seems,were killed,2. a number of :表“ 一些“,后接复数名词,用复数动词; the number of . 表“ . 的数目“ 后接单数名词, 用单数动词. Only a small number of people _ present at the meeting The number of people present at the meeting _ small.,were,is,3.百分数, 分数, enough,
19、rest, part 作主语 All the money _ spent, but I think part of it _ wasted. Half of his goods _ (be) stolen the other day. Half of nurses _dismissed but it was he, not you, who _wrong.,is,is,were,were,was,4.“more than one + 单数名词” 结构 “ more + 复数名词 + than one ” 结构 More than one girl _(have) answered that q
20、uestion. More members than one _ (have) protested against the proposal.,has,have,6. “a +单数名词+ or two ” 结构，多用单数单词。 A day or two is enough. 但“ one or two + 复数名词” 结构，多用复数动词。 One or two months have passed. 7. one and a half + 复数名词作主语,用单数动词. One and a half bananas is left on the table.,但近年来一些国外的权威词书(如朗文当
21、代英语词典、 夸克等的英语语法大全等) 都认为其谓语要根据该结构中名词的单复数而分别使用单数或复数。如： One and a half months have passed since I saw him.=Amonth and a half has passed since I saw him. 我已有一个半月没看到他了。（引自朗文当代英语词典）,V. 名词+介词词组(with ,as well as , except, but, along with, together with, rather than 作主语时,动词形式取决于 作主语名词的单复数. John, as well as his friends, _ ( not )think much of the book. All but one _ here just now. Mrs. Jones together with his two daughters_ (wait) for it.,doesnt,were,was waiting,