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1、职称英语培训 1,李珺 ,考试介绍,全国职称英语等级考试，分综 合、理工、卫生三个类别，每个类别分A、B、C三个等级，不同类别、不同级别的试卷内容，除综合外，普通英语与专业英语题目各占50左右。 （1）考试内容：理工、卫生类考试所涉及的内容大多是在各自专业知识领域之内，但专业程度不深，主要是一些与本专业有关的科普性文章，及一定数量的普通英语文章；综合类则涉及面比较广；在试题取材上，一般多取材有趣且与人们工作、生活、学习密切相关的文章；,（2）考试难易程度：A级相当于大学英语四级考试水平，B级相当于公共英语三级偏上水平，C级相当于公共英语二级偏上水平； （3）考试侧重点：主要考查考生理解书面英语
2、的能力，“要求应试者能综合运用英语语言知识（词汇、语法）和阅读技能来理解本专业或一般的英语书面材料”。 （4）考试时，不直接考语法，但语法是考试中的一个关键性的因素。,类别说明,综合类，理工类，卫生类考试原则上没有严格的界限。综合类文章可以考到理工类去，理工类可以考到卫生类和综合类。三类考试之间没有严格界限区分。国家在每位考生评定职称的时候，到底要求是理工类成绩，卫生类成绩，基本上国家还没有明确规定。 假如你评定主任医师，卫生类职称，你可以考综合类，也可以考卫生类。严格意义上没有很严格的要求。到底决定报综合类，理工类，还是卫生类，有两个依据。首先问一下自己单位的人，要评定职称要报什么类比较合适
3、。如果单位没有明确要求和规定的话，可以根据自己的现实情况选择，如果工作中接触的文章都是理工类的文章，那就报理工类。假如接触的文章是社会类文章，那就报综合类。,考试时间,全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试一般在每年4月的第二个星期日举行，A 、B 、C 三个等级考试的总分各为100分，考试时间均为2小时。,考试内容（题型）,A、B、C三个等级的考试各由6个部分组成，每个级别的考试题型一样、题量相同，但不同级别考试总的阅读量及难易程度不同。考试主要考查应试者理解书面英语的能力。 词汇选项（四选一，第1-15题，每题1分，共15分） 阅读判断（三选一，第16-22题，每题1分，共7分） 概括大意与完成
4、句子（选择搭配，六选四，第23-30题，每题1分，共8分） 阅读理解（四选一，第31-45题，每题3分，共45分） 补全短文（六选五，第46-50题，每题2分，共10分） 完形填空（选择搭配，四选一，第51-65题，每题1分，共15分）,第1部分 词汇选项（四选一，第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）考查应试者理解在一定语境中单词或短语意义的能力。本部分为15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，要求应试者从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。 第2部分 阅读判断（三选一，第16-22题，每题1分，共7分）考查应试者识别和判断文章所提供的信息的能力。本部分
5、为1篇300-450词的短文，短文后列出7个句子，有的句子提供的是正确信息，有的句子提供的是错误信息，有的句子的信息在短文中并未直接或间接提及。要求应试者根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。,第3部分 概括大意与完成句子（选择搭配，六选四，第23-30题，每题1分，共8分）考查应试者把握文章段落大意及细节的能力。本部分为1篇300-450词的短文，有2项测试任务：（1）短文后有6个段落小标题，要求应试者根据文章的内容为其中指定的4个段落各选择一个正确的小标题；（2）短文后有4个不完整的句子，要求应试者在所提供的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子。 每4部分 阅读理解（四选一，第31-45
6、题，每题3分，共45分）考查应试者对文章主旨和细节信息的理解能力。本部分为3篇文章，每篇300-450词，每篇文章后有5道题。要求应试者根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案,第5部分 补全短文（六选五，第46-50题，每题2分，共10分）考查应试者把握文章结构、掌握作者思路的能力。本部分为1篇300-450词的短文，文中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，其中5组取自文章本身。要求应试者根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其放回相应位置，以恢复文章原貌。 第6部分 完形填空（选择搭配，四选一，第51-65题，每题1分，共15分）考查应试者正确把握文章内容，以及在一定语境中准确使用词语的
7、能力。本部分为1篇300-450词的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出4个选项，要求应试者根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。,考试要求,申报A级的人员在2小时内应完成3000词左右的阅读任务，并能正确理解所读材料的内容； 申报B级的人员在2小时内应完成2600词左右的阅读任务，并能正确理解所读材料的内容； 申报C级的人员在2小时内应完成2200词左右的阅读任务，并能正确理解所读材料的内容。,具体要求,词汇量 考试所涉及的词汇和短语主要依据本大纲所附词汇表。对申报不同级别的应试者要求认知的词汇量不等： 1、申报A级的人员应认知6000个左右的单词和一定数量的短语； 2、申报B级的人员
8、应认知5000个左右的单词和一定数量的短语； 3、申报C级的人员应认知4000个左右的单词和一定数量的短语。,语法知识 考试不直接对应试者所掌握的语法知识进行考查，但应试者必须掌握基本的语法知识，主要包括： 1、英语句子的基本语序及其意义； 2、英语句子的结构和常用句型； 3、各种时、体的形式及其意义； 4、各种从句的构成及其意义； 5、句子中词语的所指、省略、替代、重复，以及句子之间的意义关系等。,阅读理解能力 应试者应能综合运用英语语言知识和阅读技能来理解专业的或一般内容的英语书面材料。阅读能力主要包括以下几个方面： 1、掌握所读材料的主旨和大意； 2、了解阐述主旨的事实和细节； 3、利用
9、上下文猜测某些词汇和短语的意义； 4、既理解个别句子的意义，也理解上下文之间的意义关系； 5、根据所读材料进行判断和推论； 6、领会作者的观点、意图和态度。,全国职称英语考试命题原则,考试命题的广度和难度根据本大纲规定的范围及对应试者能力的要求而确定。命题原则如下： （一）合理安排测试项目的层次结构。 本考试的重点是考查应试者的阅读理解能力，试卷的结构应充分考虑阅读理解能力的不同层次，测试不同层次能力的项目所占比重亦不相同。 （二）合理安排测试项目的难度结构。 本考试题目的难易程度分为易、较易、较难、难四个等级，试卷中各种难易程度题目各占一定比例。试题的难易程度和能力层次是两个不同的概念，在每
10、个能力层次的项目中，都包含难易程度不同的题目。 （三）合理确定考试内容与职称英语的关系。 职称英语等级考试的题型设置和考查内容均有自身的特点。职称英语考试用书题材广泛，包括：报刊文章、科普材料、故事、报告、广告、技术说明、手册等，体裁包括说明文、记叙文、议论文等。部分命题素材将取自职称英语（指定用书）、考试大纲。,职称英语考试复习策略,（一）复习要讲究阶段 一般来说职称英语的复习主要分为四个阶段，分别是基础学习期、教材掌握期、做题模考期和重点巩固期。下面我们分别为大家做详细的介绍： 第一阶段：基础学习期。 职称英语考试的考生一般年龄相对较大且扔下英语的时间较长，应先从基础知识学起主要学习基础的
11、词汇、语法及学习英语的思维方式，为最终通过考试打下坚实基础。 第二阶段：教材复习期。 考生应认真阅读考试大纲，明确课本上什么内容是考试大纲重点要求的，对六大考试题型进行系统地学习和归纳总结。熟练掌握六大题型的解题技巧(下面会有详细介绍)，确保书上的重点内容熟练掌握。,第三阶段：做题模考期。 在这一阶段我们要认真的做几套历年真题，模拟真实的考试场景。要求大家对考试的题型题量都有充分的了解和掌握，锻炼考场心理素质，确保能够在规定的时间内顺利的做完所有的题目并准确的填涂答题卡。 第四阶段：重点巩固期。 在考试前半个月考生要归纳一些重点题目，并熟练掌握这些题目。因为每一年的考试中都有30分直接来源于课
12、本这一阶段的学习会给考生带来意想不到的效果。,学习和答题技巧,首先第一部分是词汇选项(15分)，主要是找同义词。例如他给你一个句子说：“ I like picnic”，然后在picnic下面划一个横线，底下出选项。 我们手里有字典，你查到picnic，英文字典就有解释eat out等，所以你手里要有个好的英文字典，即使你在读不懂句子的情况下也能拿到这15分。,第二部分是阅读判断(7分)，实际上是给你一篇文章，后面给你几句话，每一句话有一个对，有一个错，还有一个没有提到，这样的题型做起来是比较有难度的。 绝对原则比较有用，凡是说的过于绝对，使用all, only等词都有问题。 第三部分是概括大意
13、(10分)，概括大意是一个很简单的题型。西方人讲究开门见山，所以段落开头往往先说主题句，所以你只要看第一句话就够了，然后对照下面的选项，哪个单词在第一句话里重复了，你就选哪个非常非常简单，关键是思维方式。,第四就是阅读理解(三道阅读，共计45分)，阅读是我们要下大功夫的，因为它有45分，是考试成败的关键。 每年都有一道书上的原题，这15分就稳拿了，剩下的两篇文章还有30分，你只要掌握技巧，对着四个选项，找到这句话，这个问题就解决了。 第五是补全短文(8分)，补全短文这个题是近几年刚刚有的，是从考研挪过来的，这个题其实也不难，大家认真复习,多做一些这方面的练习,还是很好得分的。 第六是完型填空(
14、15分)，这个题型非常难，因为考生都已经这个岁数了，学起来很困难，但是题目基本不变，所以多记就很重要。,例题解析10 A,第一部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分） 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1. Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners. A. bad B. polite C. similar D. usual 2. Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment. A. love B. surprise C.
15、 doubt D. anger,3. Your dog needs at least 20 minutes of vigorous exercise every day. A. energentic B. physical C. regular D. free 4. Our aggrangements were thrown into complete turmoil. A. failure B. confusion C. doubt D. relief 5. Steep stairs can present a particular hazard to older people. A. ev
16、idence B. danger C. case D. picture,6. I enjoyed the play-it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues. A. long B. original C. humorous D. boring 7. He demolished my arguments in minutes. A. disproved B. disputed C. accepted D. supported,8. The two banks have announced plans to merge next year. A.
17、combine B. sell C. close D. break 9. Regular visits from a social worker can be of immense value to old people living alone. A. immediate B. great C. equal D. moderate,10. I want to provide my boys with a decent education. A. private B. general C. good D. special 11. Lower taxes would spur investmen
18、t and help economic growth. A. attract B. encourage C. require D. spend 12. He was kept in appalling conditions in prison. A. critical B. terrible C. necessary D. normal,13. I cant put up with my neighbors noise any longer, its driving me mad. A. measure B. generate C. tolerate D. reduce 14. The pro
19、ject required ten years of diligent research. A. hardworking B. scientific C. basic D. social 15. He was rather vague about the reasons why he never finished school. A. unclear B. bright C. bad D. general,第二部分：阅读判断10B (第16-22题，每题1分，共7分),The Race into Space ( ARight BWrong CNot mentioned ) American m
20、illionaire Dennis Tito will always be famousHe was the first tourist in space“I spent sixty years on Earth and eight days in space and from my viewpoint， it was two separate lives，“Tito explainedHe loved his time in space“Being in space and looking back at earth is one of the most rewarding experien
21、ces a human being can have“,This kind of experience isnt cheapIt cost $ 20 millionHowever，Tito achieved his dream so he was happy “For me it was a life dream It was a dream that began when I didnt have any money，“he told reporters However，space flight is still very dangerousBill Readdy is NASAs depu
22、ty assistant administrator for space flightHe says that the chances of dying are about 1 in 500Because of this it may take time before space tourism really takes offYou might be able to go up，but will you come down?,Food for Learning10 A,In Eritrea, a small country in northeast Africa, approximately
23、 80 percent of the population is illiterate. That percentage is even higher in woman. As in many developing countries, many Eritreans have traditional ideas about the role of women. They believe that women should stay home and take care of the family and should not get an education or look for a job
24、.,Another government program that aims to educate women is Food for Training. Managed by the National Union of Eritrean Women, this program offer food rewards (also from World Food Organization) to women and elder girls who are willing to join the program.,Because of the war with Ethiopia, many wome
25、n are bringing up their families on their own. They often live in refugee camps, with no land of their own and no way to earn money. Most of these women are illiterate and have no skills to find a job.,They spend most of their day looking for food and preparing it for their families. The Food for Tr
26、aining program helps the teenagers and women change their lives. If they agree to join the program, they receive a large package of food each month. In return, the women are required to attend free literate classes for two hours every day.,When Food for Training classes in two regions of Eritrea, 50
27、00 girls and women joined in the first two months. It is especially popular with teenage girls, aged fourteen to sixteen, who have never had a chance to go to school before.,1. The Eritrean government is offering extra food to girls in school in order to _. A. encourage to keep girls at home B. chan
28、ge traditional attitudes towards women C. help girls feed their families D. create more jobs for Eritrean teachers,2. With the Food for Learning program, women get a large package of food as long as_. A. they attend free literacy classes every day B. they have no land of their own C. they bring up t
29、heir families on their own D. they live in refugee camps,Have a try!,词汇大积累,1 Would you please (call) my husband as soon as possible? A phone B visit C consult D invite 2 We had a long (conversation) about her parents. A speech B question C debate D talk,3 The chairman (proposed) that we stop the mee
30、ting. A stated B announced C suggested D demanded 4 Obviously these people can be (relied) on in a crisis. A depend on B lived on C believed in D joined in,5 There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete (breaks) a record. A maintains B beats C matches D tries 6 All the pupils seem
31、 to be very (cheerful). A healthy B happy C naughty D busy,The Iceman On a September day in 1991，two Germans were climbing the mountains between Austria and ItalyHigh up on a mountain pass，they found the body of a man lying on the iceAt that height(10，499 feet，or 3，200 meters)，the ice is usually per
32、manent，but 1991 had been an especially warm yearThe mountain ice had melted more than usual and so the body had come to the surface,36The body of the Iceman was found in the mountains mainly because_ Ahe was lying on the ice Bhe was just on a mountain pass Cthe melted ice made him visible Dtwo Germa
33、ns were climbing the mountains,It was lying face downwardThe skeleton(骨架)was in perfect condition，except for a wound in the headThere was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothes The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and
34、 cloth boots,37 What can be inferred from paragraph 2? AThe Iceman lived a poor life BThe Iceman could have died from the wound in the head CThe Iceman was struck dead from behind DThe Iceman was killed while working,Who was this man? How and when had he died? Everybody had a different answer to the
35、se questionsSome people thought that it was from this century，perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War 1，since several soldiers had already been found in the area A Swiss woman believed it might be her father，who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never bee
36、n foundThe scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older，maybe even a thousand years old,38All the following are assumptions once made about the Iceman EXCEPT_ Ahe was a soldier in World War 1 Bhe was a Swiss womans long-lost father Che was born about a thousand years
37、ago Dhe came from Italy,第三部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23-30题，每题1分，共8分),Waste Not，Want Not 从所给的6个选项中为第2段选择1个最佳标题 ATime well spent is rewarded BProfessional recognition is obtained CA necessary alternative to farming DProfessional skills are exploited EContinuing investment in high standards FEnsuring that nothing
38、gets wasted,FEnsuring that nothing gets wasted 5 So it was that the couple realized that they had a surplus of misshapen or damaged vegetables grown on the farm which were unsuitable for selling in the shop. Clara, not wishing to see them get thrown away, decided to turn them into soup 29Instead of
39、throwing the damaged vegetables away，the couple_,第四部分：阅读理解,下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。 Immigration and Problems Hundreds of thousands of people supporting immigration rights in the US filled streets all over America in early 2006Many held signs and American flags and asked to be treated a
40、s citizens-not criminalsMany of these supported legislation法规from Senator John McCain that would open a path to citizenship to immigrants who were already in the country illegally,Proposed legislation from other politicians called for stricter measures-including rounding up undocumented immigrants a
41、nd sending them back to their home countries Canadian officials say that immigration applications continue to riseSome want to keep the doors openThey need the labor,About 400，000 immigrants were allowed into the country in 2005，according to the Canadian Government statistics However，all this growth
42、 means that cities need to adaptNew comers dont always make a smooth transition into jobs for which they are skilledSo industries are using mentoring(辅导)programs to help new immigrants find proper jobs,Frances new immigration and integration law gives the government new powers to encourage high-skil
43、led migration It takes effect in 2007The new law authorizes the government will help these identified employers find immigrant workers with needed skills or qualificationsThe selected foreign employees will be granted “skills and talents” visas valid for three yearsBut some people show the concern t
44、hat itll cause brain drain in developing countries,31Many immigrants in the US took to the streets in early 2006，demanding that_ AJohn McCain be removed Bthey be sent back home Cthey be treated as citizens Dtheir culture be protected,32The expression “rounding up“ in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by_ Aencircling Bseparating Carresting Dfrightening,