《系统解剖学单词.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《系统解剖学单词.doc（67页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、第一部分systematic anatomy系统解剖学topographic anatomy局部解剖学macroanatomy巨视解剖学microanatomy微视解剖学surgical anatomy外科解剖学surface anatomy 表面解剖学X-ray anatomyX线解剖学sectional anatomy断层解剖学locomotive anatomy运动解剖学anatomical position解剖学姿势superior上inferior下cranial颅侧caudal尾侧anterior前ventral腹侧posterior后dorsal背侧medial内侧lateral
2、外侧internal内external外superficial浅profound深proximal近侧distal远侧ulnar尺侧radial桡侧tibial胫侧fibular腓侧left左right右horizontal水平central中央Vertical axis轴Sagittal axis矢状轴Coronal axis冠状轴Sagittal plane矢状面plane面horizontal plane面variation变异abnormal异常dissection解剖cadaver尸体specimen标本model 模型bone骨long bone 长骨diaphysis, shaf
3、t 骨干medullary cavity髓腔nutrient foramen 滋养孔epiphysis 骺articular surface 关节面metaphysis 干骺端epiphysil cartilage骺软骨epiphysial line 骺线short bone短骨flat bone扁骨irregular bone不规则骨 pneumatic bone 含气骨sesamoid bone籽骨process突spine棘eminence隆起tuberosity粗隆tuber结节tubercle小结节 crest嵴line线fossa窝fovea凹foveola小凹sulcus沟imp
4、ression压迹cavity腔sinus窦antrum房cellules小房 canal 管meatus 道aperture口foramen孔hiatus裂孔head头capitulum小头condyle髁epicondyle上髁surface面border缘notch切迹compact bone骨密质spongy bone骨松质trabeculae骨小梁diploe板障periosteum骨膜endosteum骨内膜bone marrow骨髓osteoporosis骨质疏松症vertebrae椎骨vertebral body椎体vertebral foramen椎孔vertebral ca
5、nal椎管vertebral arch椎弓pedicle of vertebral arch椎弓根intervertebral foramina椎间孔lamina of vertebral arch椎弓板spinous process棘突transverse process横突 articular process关节突 thoracic vertebrae胸椎cervical vertebrae颈椎 uncus of vertebral body椎体钩transverse foramen横突孔atlas寰椎axis枢椎vertebrae prominens隆椎lumbar vertebrae腰
6、椎sacrum；sacral bone骶骨promontory岬sacral hiatus骶管裂孔sacral cornu骶角coccyx尾骨sternum胸骨manubrium sterni胸骨柄 sternal angle胸骨角jugular notch颈静脉切迹body of sternum胸骨体xiphoid process剑突costal arch肋弓 costal bone肋骨costal head肋头costal neck肋颈costal tubercle肋结节shaft of rib 肋体costal groove肋沟costal angle肋角 costal cartilag
7、e肋软骨skull 颅calvaria颅盖 frontal bone额骨ethmoid bone筛骨sphenoid bone蝶骨hypophysial fossa垂体窝greater wing大翼foramen rotundum圆孔foramen ovale卵圆孔 foramen spinosum棘孔 lesser wing 小翼optic canal视神经管superior orbital fissure眶上裂 pterygoid process翼突pterygoid canal翼管temporal bone颞骨squamous part鳞部 mandibular fossa下颌窝 art
8、icular tubercle关节结节tympanic part鼓部petrous part岩部internal acoustic pore内耳门carotid canal颈动脉管styloid process茎突mastoid process乳突stylomastoid foramen茎突孔 occipital bone枕骨foramen magnum枕骨大孔parietal bone顶骨mandible下颌骨 mental foramen颏孔 ramus of mandible下颌支head of mandible下颌头neck of mandible下颌颈angle of mandibl
9、e下颌角mandibular foramen下颌孔hyoid bone舌骨vomer犁骨maxilla上颌骨infraorbital foramen眶下孔frontal process额突 zygomatic process颧突alveolar process牙槽突palatine process腭突palatine bone腭骨 nasal bone鼻骨lacrimal bone泪骨inferior nasal concha下鼻甲 zygomatic bone颧骨coronal suture冠状缝sagittal suture矢状缝lambdoid suture人字缝external occ
10、ipital protuberance枕外隆凸 anterior cranial fossa颅前窝 middle cranial fossa颅中窝foramen lacerum破裂孔 posterior cranial fossa颅后窝clivus斜坡internal occipital protuberance 枕内隆凸jugular foramen颈静脉孔pterion翼点infratemporal fossa颞下窝pterygopalatine fossa翼腭窝orbit眶nasolacrimal canal鼻泪管frontal squama额鳞inferior orbital fiss
11、ure 眶下裂bony nasal cavity骨性鼻腔 superior middle and inferior nasal meatus 上、中、下鼻道paranasal sinuses鼻旁窦frontal sinus额窦ethmoidal sinuses筛窦sphenoidal sinus蝶窦maxillary sinus上颌窦 oral cavity骨性口腔cranial fontanelles颅囟 anterior fontanelle前囟posterior fontanelle后囟clavicle锁骨scapula肩胛骨subscapular fossa肩胛下窝spine of s
12、capula肩胛冈supraspinous fossa冈上窝infraspinous fossa冈下窝acromion肩峰coracoid process喙突glenoid cavity关节盂humerus肱骨 head of humerus肱骨头anatomical neck解剖颈greater tubercle大结节lesser tubercle小结节surgical neck外科颈deltoidtuberosity三角肌粗隆sulcus for radial nerve桡神经沟capitulum of humerus肱骨小头lateral epicondyle外上髁 medial epi
13、condyle内上髁radius桡骨head of radius桡骨头neck of radius桡骨颈radial tuberosity桡骨粗隆styloid process 茎突 ulna尺骨trochlear notch滑车切迹olecranon鹰嘴coronoid process冠突 ulnar tuberosity尺骨粗隆head of ulna尺骨头styloid process尺骨茎突carpal bones腕骨scaphoid bone手舟骨lunate bone月骨triquetral bone三角骨pisiform bone豌豆骨 trapezium bone大多角骨 tr
14、apezoid bone小多角骨 capitate bone头状骨hamate bone钩骨metacarpal bones掌骨phalanges of fingers指骨hip bone髋骨ilium髂骨iliac crest髂嵴anterior superior iliac spine髂前上嵴 posteior superior iliac spine髂后上嵴tubercle of iliac crest髂结节greater sciatic notch坐骨大切迹iliac fossa髂窝 arcuate line弓状线ischium坐骨ischial spine坐骨棘lesser scia
15、tic notch坐骨小切迹ischial tuberosity坐骨结节pubis 耻骨pecten pubis耻骨梳pubis tubercle耻骨结节 symphysial surface耻骨联合面obturator foramen闭孔acetabulum髋臼lunate surface月状面femur股骨femoral head股骨头neck of femur 股骨颈greater trochanter大转子lesser trochanter小转子linea aspera粗线gulteal tuberosity臀肌粗隆 medial condyle内侧髁 lateral condyle外
16、侧髁 intercondylar fossa 髁间窝adductor tubercle收肌结节 patella髌骨tibia胫骨 intercondylar eminence髁间隆起tibial tuberosity胫骨粗隆medial mallelous内踝 fibula腓骨 lateral malleolus外踝tarsal bones跗骨calcaneus跟骨talus距骨medial cuneiform bone内侧楔骨intermediate cuneiform bone中间楔骨lateral cuneiform bone外侧楔骨navicular bone足舟骨cuboid bon
17、e骰骨metatarsal bones跖骨phalanges of toes趾骨fbrous joint 纤维连接cartilaginous joint软骨连接synostosis骨性结合syndesmosis韧带连接suture缝synchondrosis透明软骨结合symphysis纤维软骨联合articulation关节synovial joint滑膜关节articular surface关节面articular cartilage关节软骨articular capsule关节囊fibrous membrane纤维膜synovial membrane滑膜synovial fluid滑液a
18、rticular cavity关节腔ligament韧带articular disc关节盘articular labrum关节唇synovial fold滑膜襞synovial bursa滑膜囊translation移动flexion屈extension伸dorsiflexion背屈plantarflexion跖屈adduction收abduction展rotation旋转medial rotation旋内lateral rotation旋外pronation旋前supination旋后circumduction环转hinge joint屈戌关节trochoid joint; pivot jo
19、int车轴关节ellipsoid joint椭圆关节sellar joint;saddle joint鞍状关节ball and socket joint; spheroidal joint球窝关节plane joint平面关节vertebral column脊柱intervertebral disc椎间盘nucleus pulposus髓核anulus fibrous纤维环anterior longitudinal ligament前纵韧带posterior longitudinal ligament后纵韧带ligamenta flava黄韧带interspinal ligament棘间韧带s
20、upraspinal ligament棘上韧带ligamentum nuchae项韧带intertransverse ligament横突间韧带zygapophyseal joint关节突关节atlantooccipital joint寰枕关节anterior atlantooccipital membrane寰枕前膜posterior atlantooccipital membrane寰枕后膜atlantoaxial joint寰枢关节thorax胸廓costovertebral joint肋椎关节joint of costal head肋头关节costotransverse joint肋横
21、突关节sternocostal joint胸肋关节temporomandibular joint颞下颌关节sternoclaviclar joint胸锁关节acromioclavicular joint肩锁关节coracoacromial ligament喙肩韧带shoulder joint肩关节elbow joint肘关节humeroulnar joint肱尺关节humeroradial joint肱桡关节proximal radioulnar joint桡尺近侧关节radial collateral ligament桡侧副韧带unlar collateral ligament尺侧副韧带an
22、nular ligament of radius桡骨环状韧带interosseous membrane of forearm前臂骨间膜distal radioulnar joint桡尺远侧关节joints of hand手关节radiocarpal joint桡腕关节wrist joint腕关节intercarpal joint腕骨间关节carpometacarpal joint腕掌关节carpometacarpal joint of thumb拇指腕掌关节intermetacarpal joint掌骨间关节metacarpophalangeal joint掌指关节interphalangea
23、l joint指骨间关节sacroiliac joint骶髂关节iliolumbar ligament髂腰韧带sacrotuberous ligament骶结节韧带sacrospinous ligament骶棘韧带pubic symphysis耻骨联合obturator membrane闭孔膜obturator canal闭膜管pelvis骨盆greater pelvis大骨盆lesser pelvis小骨盆hip joint髋关节acetabular labrum髋臼唇iliofemoral ligament髂股韧带ligament of head of the femur股骨头韧带pubo
24、femoral ligament耻股韧带ischiofemoral ligament坐股韧带knee joint膝关节patellar ligament髌韧带fibular collateral ligament腓侧副韧带tibial collateral ligament胫侧副韧带oblique popliteal ligament腘斜韧带cruciate ligament膝交叉韧带anterior cruciate ligament前交叉韧带posterior cruciate ligament后交叉韧带meniscus半月板medial meniscus内侧半月板lateral meni
25、scus外侧半月板joints of foot足关节talocrural joint距小腿关节ankle joint踝关节medial ligament内侧韧带lateral ligament外侧韧带anterior talofibular ligament距腓前韧带posterior talofibular ligament距腓后韧带intertarsal joint跗骨间关节talocalcaneal joint距跟关节subtalar joint距下关节talocalcaneonavicular joint距跟舟关节calcaneocuboid joint跟骰关节transverse t
26、arsal joint跗横关节plantar calcaneonavicular ligament跟舟足底韧带spring ligament跳跃韧带bifurcate ligament分岐韧带tarsometatarsal joint跗跖关节intermetatasal joint跖骨间关节metatasophalangeal joint跖趾关节interphalangeal joint趾骨间关节肌学Muscle肌Muscle belly肌腹Tendon肌腱Aponeurosis 腱膜Fascia筋膜Superficial fascia浅筋膜Deep fascia深筋膜Synovial bur
27、sa滑膜囊Tendinous sheath腱鞘Fibrous layer纤维层Fibrous sheath of tendon腱纤维鞘Synovial layer滑膜层Synovial sheath of tendon 腱滑膜鞘Mesotendon腱系膜Epicranius颅顶肌Galea aponeurotica帽状腱膜Frontal belly额腹Occipital belly枕腹Orbicularis oculi眼轮匝肌Buccinator颊肌Orbicularis oris口轮匝肌Masseter咬肌temporalis颞肌Medial pterygoid翼内肌lateral pter
28、ygoid翼外肌Platysma颈阔肌Sternocleidomastoid胸锁乳突肌Digastric二腹肌Mylohyoid下颌舌骨肌Stylohyoid茎突舌骨肌Geniohyoid颏舌骨肌Sternohyoid胸骨舌骨肌Omohyoid肩胛舌骨肌Sternothyroid胸骨甲状肌Thyrohyoid甲状舌骨肌Scalenus anterior前斜角肌Scalenus medius中斜角肌Scalenus posterior后斜角肌Cervical fascia颈筋膜Trapezius斜方肌Latissimus dorsi 背阔肌Levator scapulae肩胛提肌Rhomboid
29、eus菱形肌Erector spinae竖脊肌Splenius夹肌Thoracolumbar fascia胸腰筋膜Pectoralis major胸大肌Pectoralis minor胸小肌Serratus anterior前锯肌Intercostales externi肋间外肌Intercostales interni肋间内肌Intercostales intimi肋间最内肌Transverses thoracis胸横肌Clavipectoral fascia锁胸筋膜Diaphragm膈Central tendon中心腱Aoctic hiatus主动脉裂孔Esophageal hiatus食
30、管裂孔Vena caval foramen腔静脉孔Obliquus externus abdominis腹外斜肌Inguinal ligament腹股沟韧带Lacunar ligament腔隙韧带Pectineal ligament耻骨梳韧带Superficial inguinal ring腹股沟管浅环Obliquus internus abdominis腹内斜肌Inguinal falx腹股沟镰Conjoint tendon联合腱Cremaster提睾肌Transversus abdominis腹横肌Rectus abdominis腹直肌Tendinous intersection腱划She
31、ath of rectus abdominis腹直肌鞘Arcuate line弓状线Linea alba白线Quadratus lumborum腰方肌Inguinal canal腹股沟管Deep inguinal ring腹股沟管深环Inguinal triangle腹股沟三角Deltoid三角肌Supraspinatus 冈上肌Infraspinatus冈下肌Teres minor小圆肌Teres major大圆肌Subscapularis肩胛下肌Musculotendinous cuff肌腱袖Biceps brachii肱二头肌Coracobrachialis喙肱肌Brachialis肱肌
32、triceps brachii肱三头肌Brachioradialis肱桡肌Pronator teres 旋前圆肌Flexor carpi radialis桡侧腕屈肌Palmaris longus掌长肌Flexor carpi ulnaris尺侧腕屈肌Flexor digitorum superficialis指浅屈肌Flexor pollicis longus拇长屈肌Flexor digitorum profundus指深屈肌Pronator quadratus旋前方肌Extensor carpi radialis longus桡侧腕长伸肌Extensor carpi radialis bre
33、vis桡侧腕短伸肌Extensor digitorum指伸肌Extensor digiti minimi小指伸肌Extensor carpi ulnaris尺侧腕伸肌Supinator旋后肌Abdutor pollicis longus拇长展肌Extensor pollicis brevis拇短伸肌Extensor pollicis longus拇长伸肌Extensor indicis示指伸肌Thenar鱼际Abdutor pollicis brevis拇短展肌Flexor pollicis brevis拇短屈肌Opponens pollicis拇对掌肌Adductor pollicis拇收肌
34、Hypothenar小鱼际Abductor digiti minimi小指展肌Flexor digiti minimi brevis小指短屈肌Opponens digiti minimi小指对掌肌Lumbricales蚓状肌Palmar interossei骨间掌侧肌Dorsal interossei骨间背侧肌Axillary fossa腋窝Deltopectoral groove 三角胸肌间沟Trilateral foramen三边孔Quadrilateral foramen四边孔Cubital fossa肘窝Carpal canal腕管Iliopsoas髂腰肌Psoas major腰大肌Iliacus髂肌Psoas minor腰小肌Tensor fasciac latae阔筋膜张肌Gluteus maximus臀大肌Gluteus medius臀中肌Gluteus minimus臀小肌Piriformis梨状肌Obturator internus闭孔内肌Quadrat