1、2022年考博英语-西北农林科技大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题The destruction of our natural resources and contamination of our food supply continue to occur, largely because of the extreme difficulty in affixing legal responsibility on those who continue to treat our environment with reckless abandon. Attempts to pr
2、event pollution by legislation, economic incentives and friendly persuasion have been met by lawsuits, personal and industrial denial and long delays not only in accepting responsibility, but more importantly, in doing something about it.It seems that only when government decides it can afford tax i
3、ncentives or production sacrifices is there any initiative for change. Where is industrys and our recognition that protecting mankinds great treasure is the single most important responsibility? If ever there will be time for environmental health professionals to come to the frontlines and provide l
4、eadership to solve environmental problems, that time is now.We are being asked, and in fact, the public is demanding that we take positive action. It is our responsibility as professionals in environmental health to make the difference. Yes, the ecologists, the environmental activists and the conser
5、vationists serve to communicate, stimulate thinking and promote behavioral change. However, it is those of us who are paid to make the decisions to develop, improve and enforce environmental standards, I submit, who must lead the charge.We must recognize that environmental health issues do not stop
6、at city limits, county lines, state or even federal boundaries. We can no longer afford to be tunnel-visioned in our approach. We must visualize issues from every perspective to make the objective decisions. We must express our views clearly to prevent media distortion and public confusion.I believe
7、 we have a three-part mission for the present. First, we must continue to press for improvements in the quality of life that people can make for themselves. Second, we must investigate and understand the link between environment and health. Third, we must be able to communicate technical information
8、 in a form that citizens can understand. If we can accomplish these three goals in this decade, maybe we can finally stop environmental degradation, and not merely hold it back. We will then be able to spend pollution dollars truly on prevention rather than on bandages.1.We can infer from the first
9、two paragraphs that the industrialists disregard environmental protection chiefly because （ ）.2.The main task now facing ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists is（ ）.3.The word tunnel-visioned (Line 2, Para. 4) most probably means “（ ）”.4.Which of the following, according to the au
10、thor, should play the leading role in the solution of environmental problems?5. Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?问题1选项A.they are unaware of the consequences of what they are doingB.they are reluctant to sacrifice their own economic interestsC.time has not yet come for t
11、hem to put due emphasis on itD.it is difficult for them to take effective measures问题2选项A.to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and persuasionB.to arouse public awareness of the importance of environmental protectionC.to take radical measures to control environmental pollutionD.to
12、improve the quality of life by enforcing environmental standards问题3选项A.narrow-mindedB.blind to the factsC.short-sightedD.able to see only one aspect问题4选项A.Legislation and government interventionB.The industrys understanding and support.C.The efforts of environmental health professionalsD.The coopera
13、tion of ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists问题5选项A.Efforts should be exerted on pollution prevention instead of on remedial measuresB.More money should be spent in order to stop pollutionC.Ordinary citizens have no access to technical information on pollutionD.Environmental degra
14、dation will be stopped by the end of this decade【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。A项“他们不知道自己行为的后果”，B项“他们不愿意牺牲自己的经济利益”，C项“他们应该重视环境保护的时间还没有到来”，D项“他们很难采取有效措施”。文章第一段提到“ .not only in accepting responsibility, but more importantly, in doing something about it. 不仅仅是接受责任，更重要的是采取措施”可知工业家们忽视环境保护主要是因为B项
15、 故选B。2.事实细节题。A项“通过立法、经济激励和劝说来防止污染”，B项“唤起公众对环境保护重要性的认识”，C项“采取激进措施控制环境污染”，D项“通过执行环境标准来提高生活质量”。从四个选项中可看出ACD三项为政府行为，同时文章第三段提到“Yes, the ecologists, the environmental activists and the conservationists serve to communicate, stimulate thinking and promote behavioral change. 是的，生态学家、环境活动家和自然保护主义者致力于交流、激发和促
16、进来推进环境保护。”可知B项正确，故选B。3.词汇题。A项“心胸狭隘的”；B项“无视事实”；C项 “目光短浅的”；D项“片面的”。文章倒数第二段提到“We must visualize issues from every perspective to make the objective decisions. 我们必须从各个角度看待问题，做出客观的决定” We can no longer afford to be tunnel-visioned in our approach. 在方法上，我们不能再tunnel-visioned”可知“tunnel-visioned”的意思为“片面的，只看到一
17、面的”，故选D。4.事实细节题。A项“立法和政府干预”，B项“企业的理解和支持”，C项“环境卫生专业人员的努力”，D项“生态学家，环境活动家和自然资源保护者的合作”。题干提问“哪一项应在解决环境问题方面发挥主导作用”。文章第三段提到 “However, it is those of us who are paid to make the decisions to develop, improve and enforce environmental standards, I submit, who must lead the charge. 然而，我们中那些付了薪水来决定发展、改进和强制实施环保
18、标准的人必须是领头人，理解此句的关键在于明白“us”所指，第三段第二句提到“It is our responsibility as professionals in environmental health to make the difference我们作为环境卫生专业人员有责任发挥作用” 可知，“我们的责任”指的是“我们作为专家的责任”，因此，us是指的专家，故选C。5.判断推理题。A项“应努力防止污染，而不是采取补救措施”，B项“为了防止污染，应该花更多的钱”，C项“普通公民无法获得有关污染的技术信息”，D项“环境退化将在本世纪末停止”。文章最后一段提到 “We will then be
19、 able to spend pollution dollars truly on prevention rather than on bandages.我们到那时将可以把用在环保上的钱真正地用在环保预防而不是补救上” 可知A项符合题意。B项在文中没有提及；最后一段提到 “.we must be able to communicate technical information in a form that citizens can understand. 我们必须能够以公民可以理解的形式交流技术信息”可知C项不正确；最后一段中 “If we can accomplish these thre
20、e goals in this decade, maybe we can finally stop environmental degradation, and not merely hold it back. 如果我们能在这十年里实现这三个目标，也许我们最终可以让环境停止退化，而不只是防止环境退化”中“if”表明是一个假设的条件，故D项不正确。故选A。2. 单选题While the mission of public schools has expanded beyond education to include social support and extra-curricular act
21、ivities, the academic schedule has changed little in more than a century.Reclaiming the school day for academic instruction and escaping the time-bound traditions of education are vital steps in the school-reform process, says a report released today by the National Education Commission on Time and
22、Learning.The commissions report, titled Prisoners of Time, calls the fixed clock and calendar in American education a fundamental design flaw” in desperate need of change. Time should serve children instead of children serving time, the report says.The two-year commission found that holding American
23、 students to world-class standards will require more time for classroom instruction. We have been asking the impassible of our students-that they learn as much as their foreign peers while spending half as much as in core academic subjects, it states.The Commission compared the relationships between
24、 time and learning in Japan, Germany, and the United States and found that American students receive less than half the basic academic instruction that Japanese and German students are provided. On average, American students can earn a high school diploma if they spend only 41 percent of their schoo
25、l time on academics, says the report.American students spend an average of three hours a day on “core” academics such as English, math, science, and history, the commission found. Their report recommends offering a minimum of 5.5 hours of academics every school day.The nine-member commission also re
26、commends lengthening the school day beyond the traditional six hours.If schools want to continue offering important activities outside the academic core, as well as serving as a hub for family and community services, they should keep school doors open longer each day and each year, says John Hodge J
27、ones, superintendent of schools in Murfreesboro, Tenn., and chairman of the commission.The typical school year in American public schools is 180 days. Eleven states allow school years of 175 days or less, and only one state requires more than 180 days.For over a decade, education reform advocates ha
28、ve been working feverishly to improve our schools, says Milton Goldberg, executive director of the commission. “Butif reform is to truly take hold, the six-hour, 180-day school year should be relegated to museumsan exhibit from our education past1.Compared with the academic courses more than a hundr
29、ed years ago, the academic courses now（ ）.2.The researches by the commission mentioned in the passage are most concerned about（ ）.3.As is mentioned in the passage, schools in the United States do the following EXCEPT（ ）.4.American students differ from those in Japan, Germany in that（ ）.5.Executive d
30、irector of the commission Milton Goldberg would most probably agree that（ ）.问题1选项A.include some extra-curricular activitiesB.focus more on education of social supportC.demand students more contribution of timeD.remain more or less what they used to be问题2选项A.the time attributed to academic learningB.
31、the components of school educationC.the changes in education in the recent centuryD.the fashion of education management问题3选项A.providing important outside-academic activitiesB.serving social units such as family and communityC.arranging six-hour teaching and learning every dayD.having competition wit
32、h schools of other countries问题4选项A.they stay at school for a shorter time every dayB.they do not learn as much as their counterparts abroadC.they devote less time to academic learningD.they earn a high school diploma more easily问题5选项A.what the education reform advocates have done is not good enoughB
33、the time of school day and school year should be extended.C.visiting museums can improve students academic learning ability.D.social support and extra-curricular activities should be cancelled.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。第一段中的“While the mission of public schools has expanded beyond edu
34、cation to include social support and extra-curricular activities, the academic schedule has changed little in more than a century.虽然公立学校的任务已经拓展到教育以外的社会支持和课外活动，但在一个多世纪里学术时间安排却变化很小。” 可推断D“仍然跟过去差不多”正确；故C“要求学生贡献更多时间”不正确。 A “extra-curricular activities课外活动”属于学校任务，不属于学术课程；B “更注重社会支持的教育”文中没有提及。2.事实细节题。 第二段
35、中“ Reclaiming the school day for academic instruction and escaping the time-bound traditions of education are vital steps in the school-reform process，在学校改革的过程中，恢复以学术为导向的学校教学日和跳出有时限的传统教育是学校改革进程至关重要的步骤” 可推断A“用到学术学习上的时间”正确；故C“最近这个世纪的教育变化”不正确。B“学校教育的构成”及D“教学管理的方式”在文中没有提及。3.事实细节题。由倒数第三段中“If schools want
36、 to continue offering important activities outside the academic core, as well as serving as a hub for family and community services. 如果学校想继续提供学术核心以外的重要活动，以及充当家庭和社区服务的中心”可推断A与B在文中有提及；由倒数第四段中“.lengthening the school day beyond the traditional six hours.延长传统的6小时教学日时长可推断C在文中有提及；D“和其他国家的学校进行竞争”在文中没有提及，故D
37、项为正确选项。4.事实细节题。由第五段中 “ .found that American students receive less than half the basic academic instruction that Japanese and German students are provided. 发现美国学生接受的基本学术教育不到日本和德国学生的一半”可推知C “与德国和日本的学生不同的是美国学生在学术学习上投入的时间较少”正确。A“美国学生每天在校时间较少”在文中没有提及，由第四段中“that they learn as much as their foreign peers w
38、hile spending half as much as in core academic subject 美国学生所学的东西和他们的外国同龄人一样多，但花在核心学术学科上的时间却只有他们的一半”可知 B与D不正确。5.判断推理题。由最后一段中“But.if reform is to truly take hold, the six-hour, 180-day school year should be relegated to museumsan exhibit from our education past 但是如果改革真的生效，那么每天6个小时，一年180天的上学时间就应该被归入到博物
39、馆中来展示我们过去的教育”可推断“Milton Goldberg支持每天上学的时间和每学年的天数被延长”，故B正确；也由此知C“参观博物馆能提升学生的学术学习能力”不正确。最后一段中“For over a decade, education reform advocates have been working feverishly to improve our schools过去的十来年，教育改革倡导者们一直在狂热地努力改进我们的学校”可推断A“教育改革倡导者所做的还不够”不符合原文；D“社会支持与课外活动应被取消”在原文中未提及。3. 单选题Over the last 25 years, B
40、ritish society has changed a great deal or at least many parts of it have. In some ways, however, very little has changed, particularly where altitudes are concerned（1） .In the past, the working-class tended to be paid less than middle class people, such as teachers and doctors. As a result of this
41、and also of the fact that workers jobs were generally much less secure, distinct differences in life-styles and attitudes came into existence. （2） , having given his wife her “housekeeping”，would go out and squander the rest on beer and betting.The stereotype of what a middle-class man did with his
42、money was perhaps nearer the truth. He was and still is inclined to take a longer-term view. Not only did he regard buying a house as a most important thing, but he also considered the education of his children as extremely important. Both of these provided him and his family with security. Only in
43、very few cases did workers have the opportunity (or the education and training) to make such long-term plans.Nowadays, a great deal has changed. In a large number of cases factory workers earn as much, if not more, than their middle-class supervisors. Social security and laws have made it less neces
44、sary than before to worry about tomorrow. （3） .In fact there has been a growing tendency in the past few years for the middle-classes to feel slightly ashamed of their position. （4） . They generally tend to share very similar tastes in music and clothes, they spend their money in having a good time,
45、 and save for holidays or longer-term plans when necessary. There seems to be much less difference than in previous generations.（5） As long as this gap exists, there will always be a possibility that new conflicts and jealousies will emerge, or rather that the old conflicts will reappear, but betwee
46、n different groups. 问题1选项A.Working-class people seem slowly to be losing the feeling of inferiority they had in the pastB.Nevertheless, we still have a wide gap between the well-paid (whatever the type of job they may have) and the low-paidC.Idea about social class whether a person is working-class
47、or middle-classis one area in which changes have been extremely slowD.The changes in both life-styles and attitudes are probably most easily seen amongst younger peopleE.Class differences have been eliminated for centuries in almost all societies around the worldF.The typical working man would colle
48、ct his wages on Friday evening and then, it was widely believed问题2选项A.Working-class people seem slowly to be losing the feeling of inferiority they had in the pastB.Nevertheless, we still have a wide gap between the well-paid (whatever the type of job they may have) and the low-paidC.Idea about social class whether a person is working-class or middle-classis one area in which changes have been extremely
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