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1、,英语教学课件系列,必修 5,Unit 1 Great scientists Reading,Read the explanation and speak out the word it explains.,vt. 打败; 战胜; 使受挫,n. 失败,defeat,to win a victory over someone in a fight, war or competition; to cause someone or sth. to fail,when someone loses against someone else in a fight or competition, or wh
2、en someone or sth. is made to fail,to take care of sb./sth.; to be present at an event,n. 专家; 行家,vt. 照顾; 护理; 出席; 参加,attend,a person with a high level of knowledge or skill; a specialist,expert,n. 医生; 内科医生,a medical doctor, esp. one who has general skill and is not a surgeon,physician,having or showi
3、ng a lot of knowledge or skill,adj. 熟练的; 经验或知识丰富的,to make someone with an illness healthy again,vt. 暴露; 揭露; 使曝光,n. 治愈; 痊愈,expose,cure,to remove what is covering sth. so that it can be seen; to make public sth. bad or dishonest,vt. 治愈; 治疗,sth. that makes someone with an illness healthy again,(the sit
4、uation of being faced with) sth. needing great mental or physical effort in order to be done successfully and which therefore tests a persons ability,n. 挑战,n. 受害者,victim,challenge,vt. 向挑战,to invite someone to compete or take part, esp. in a game or argument,someone or sth. which has been hurt, damag
5、ed or killed or has suffered, either because of the actions of someone or sth. else, or because of illness or chance,vt. 认为; 怀疑,suspect,n. 被怀疑者; 嫌疑犯,absorb,vt. 吸收; 吸引; 使专心,to take sth. in, esp. gradually; If someones work, or a book, film, etc. absorbs them, or they are absorbed in it, their attenti
6、on is given completely to it,to think or believe sth. to be true or probable; to not trust; to doubt,a person believed to have committed a crime or done sth. wrong, or sth. believed to have caused sth. bad,the area of a town that surrounds someones home, or the people who live in this area,adj. 严重的;
7、 剧烈的; 严厉的,severe,neighbourhood,n. 附近; 邻近,n. 询问,enquiry,(the process of asking) a question,extremely serious; punishing sb. in an extreme way when they break a particular set of rules; not kind or sympathetic and showing disapproval of sb./sth.,a piece of equipment which is used to cause liquid, air
8、or gas to move from one place to another,n. 泵; 抽水机,pump,foresee,vt. 预见; 预知,vt. (用泵)抽(水),to force liquid or gas to move somewhere,to know about sth. before it happens,to say or think that someone or sth. did sth. wrong or is responsible for sth. bad happening,vt. 责备; 谴责,blame,when people say or think
9、 that someone or sth. did sth. wrong or is responsible for sth. bad happening,to make an area or substance, usually air, water or earth, dirty or harmful to people, animals and plants, esp. by adding harmful chemicals,vt. 污染; 弄脏,pollute,blame,n. 柄; 把手,n. 过失; 责备,a part of an object designed for holdi
10、ng, moving or carrying the object easily,handle,a connection between two people, things or ideas,to make a connection between two or more people, things or ideas,vt. 连接; 联系,vt. 宣布; 通告,announce,instruct,link,vt. 命令; 指示; 教导,n.连接; 联系,to deal with, have responsibility for, or be in charge of; to operate
11、 or control sth. which could be difficult or dangerous,handle,vt. 处理; 操纵,to state or make known, esp. publicly,to order or tell someone to do sth., esp. in a formal way; to teach someone how to do sth.,expose to link to ,将和联系或连接起来 由组成 使显露; 暴露,Match,draw a conclusion,think of a method,collect results
12、,make a question,find a problem,analyse the results,find supporting evidence,find a problem,make a question,think of a method,collect results,analyse the results,draw a conclusion,How to prove a new idea in scientific research?,find supporting evidence,Pre-reading,1.What impresses you most in 2003?,
13、Infectious diseases can be spread to other people. They have an unknown cause and need public health care to solve them. People may be exposed to infectious diseases, so may animals. Bird flu, AIDS and SARS are infectious diseases. Infectious diseases are difficult to cure.,What do you know about in
14、fectious diseases?,Which person impresses you most during the SARS?,What other infectious diseases do you know?,For example: When you eat some food that is not fresh,You may feel,Maybe you have got _.,Cholera,What is Cholera?,Cholera is the illness caused by a bacterium called Vibrio cholerae. It in
15、fects peoples intestines (肠), causing diarrhea (腹泻), vomiting and leg cramps. The most common cause of cholera is by someone eating food or drinking water that has been infected with the bacteria.,After a disaster, this is a very real danger, since regular, clean water and food supplies are often un
16、available. The disease can be spread even further by infected people using already dirtied water sources to clean themselves or dispose of waste.,Great Britain,Germany,Death of first cholera case in London during the 1848-49 epidemic,London,Previous cholera epidemic in Great Britain in 1831-32,The s
17、pread of cholera,John Snow defeats “King cholera”,Reading,1. To summarize and remember the main idea of the passage. 2. To speak out the detailed information of the passage. 3. To know more about John Snow and his achievements. 4. To learn some useful words and expressions in the passage.,Objectives
18、,Words: defeat, attend, cure, challenge, suspect, blame, pollute, handle, link, announce Expressions: expose to, link to neither nor be/become interested in be determined to,Focus on,John Snow defeats “king cholera”,What can you learn from the title?,人物： 事件：,defeats cholera,Who is John Snow?,What ha
19、ppened to them?,Queen Victoria,John Snow 约翰.斯诺(1813 1858), 英国麻醉学家、 流行病专家。他首次提出了 预防霍乱的措施。1854年, 伦敦霍乱流行, 斯诺通过研究 霍乱病死者的日常生活情况, 寻找到他们的共同行为模式, 发现了霍乱与饮用不洁水的 关系, 由于及时切断了二者 的联系, 有效制止了霍乱的 流行。,Four outbreaks of cholera in the 1830s and 1840s killed many people in England. In 1854, “the most terrible outbreak
20、of cholera which ever occurred in the kingdom” began. It was so violent and sudden that 127 people died in the first three days.,The terrible cholera,Bacteria/germs of cholera,What was the cause of this illness? How did John Snow find it out?,Skim the text and find the main idea of the text.,The pas
21、sage is mainly about: _ _,How John Snow found the cause of the cholera and defeated it.,Fastreading:,Read the passage quickly and find the number below and the relevant happenings in the passage.,The first suggested thatmultiplied in the air; The second suggested absorbed this disease into their bod
22、ies with their meals.,Another outbreak hit London.,More than 500 people had died in 10 days.,These numbers in Broad Street near the water pump had many of the deaths,20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street had no deaths. They didnt drink the water from the Broad Street pump.,These famili
23、es worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.,16,37,20,8,9,pump,38,40,BROAD STREET,CAMBRIDGE STREET,21,John Snows Cholera Map,7,Pub,What is the problem?,The cholera was the most deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood.,What caused cholera?,Make a question: Which theor
24、y to believe in?,Idea 1,Idea 2,Cholera multiplied in the air without reason. A cloud of dangerous gas would float around until it found its victims.,People absorbed it with their meals.,Which one do you believe more? What about John Snow?,A map of Broad Street,What method did he use?,Broad Street,Ma
25、ny deaths happened here.,No death happened here.,It seemed the water from the pump was to blame. What did he do next?,Public house,(Para 6) What was another supporting evidence?,(Para 5) He looked into the source of the water,John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried
26、the virus.,Read the passage and number these events in the order that they happened.,John Snow began to test two theories.,An outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854.,He announced that the water carried the disease.,John Snow marked the deaths on a map.,2,1,4,7,Carefulreading:,King Cholera was defeat
27、ed.,He found that most of the deaths were near a water pump.,He had the handle removed from the water pump.,John Snow investigated two streets where the outbreak was very severe.,3,8,5,6,What caused cholera?,Which theory is correct?,Collect data on those who were ill or died and where they got their
28、 water.,Fill in the blanks.,Plot information on a map to find out where people died or did not die.,Analyse the water to see if that is the cause of the illness.,Find other evidence to support the analysis.,The water is to blame. The source of all drinking water should be examined so that it is safe
29、.,Match them,Para 7,Prevention of Cholera,1. John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?,John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.,R
30、ead and answer the questions.,2. Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map? Give a reason.,No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had many deaths and check their water- drinking habits. He identified those houses tha
31、t had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.,3. Cholera was a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?,Four diseases, which are similar today, are SARS, AIDS, TB (肺结核) and bird-flu, because
32、 they are both very serious, have an unknown cause and need public health care to solve them.,1. The passage mainly tells us that _. the cause of cholera was polluted water B. John Snow was a well-known doctor in London C. the source of all drinking water should be examined D. John Snow did some res
33、earch and helped to solve “King Cholera”,Choose the best answer.,D,2. What was the key help for John Snows discovery? A. The government. B. The woman moving away from Broad Street. C. The water company. D. The map made by himself.,D,Summary,John Snow was a well-known _ in London in the _ century. He
34、 wanted to find the _ of cholera in order to _ it. In 1854 when a cholera _ out, he began to gather information.,doctor,19th,cause,defeat,broke,He _ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the _ died. So he decided that the pollut
35、ed water carried cholera. He suggested that the _ of all water supply be _ and new methods of _ with polluted water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated.,marked,pump,source,examined,dealing,What should we pay attention to in our daily life in order not to get infected with cholera?,Heat th
36、e food left overnight,Cook raw food thoroughly,Wash hands often,Keep away from flies,choose fresh sea food,Keep the kitchen clean,Dispose rubbish properly.,Drink boiled water,Discussion,1. know about 了解有关的情况,know of 听说过,1)有些事我想了解一下。,There is something I want to know about.,2)我听说过那件事, 但不很清楚。,I know o
37、f it, but I didnt know it well.,Language points,2. conclude: v. 作结论, 断定 The jury concluded that he was guilty. 陪审团认定他有罪。 to conclude: 总而言之, 总之 To conclude, I want to thank you for your help. conclusion: n. 结论,得出结论,arrive at draw/reach come to,a conclusion,1) 那些都是事实, 你能从中得出什么结论?,Those are the facts;
38、what do you conclude from them?,2) 我得出结论你在说谎。,I came to/drew/reached the conclusion that you were lying.,3)根据这些事实, 我们能对金字塔是如何 建成的得出一些结论。,From these facts, we can draw some conclusions about how the pyramids were built.,3. defeat v. / n. He defeated the champion in three sets. His words completely de
39、feated me. The Party faces defeat in the election.,击败, 战胜,使困惑,win/beat/defeat win “赢得, 获胜”, 后接奖品, 奖金, 名誉, 财产 beat “击败, 战胜”, 后接竞争队伍或者对手, 敌人 defeat “击败，战胜”, 后接竞争队伍或者 对手, 敌人, (此用法同beat), 疾病等。,1) Mary _ the first place in the competition. 2) Our school _ their school at football. 3) I _ John at chess ye
40、sterday.,won,beat/defeated,beat/defeated,4. John Snow was a famous doctor in London-so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.,约翰.斯诺曾经是一位著名的医生-他的确 医术精湛,因而成了维多利亚女王的私人大夫。,1) expert n. 专家; 高手; 权威 an agricultural expert 农业专家 an expert with the computer 电脑高手,expert 也可以作
41、形容词, “熟练的; 老练的; 经验(或知识)丰富的” an expert rider 熟练的骑手 an expert opinion 内行的意见,照看, 照料 如:,医生照看病人。,The doctor attended (on/upon) the patients.,出席，到场 如: attend school 上学 attend a lecture 听讲座 attend church 去教堂 attend (at) a wedding 出席婚礼,2) attend v. 注意, 留意 如:,Well attend to the solution of that problem later
42、.,attend to 处理, 办理 我有许多事情要处理。 照顾, 照料 先生, 有人接待你吗？ Are you being attended to ? If you go out, Ill attend to the baby. 专心, 注意 If you dont attend to the teacher, youll never learn anything. attendance n. 照顾, 出席,I have some important things to attend to.,5. But he became inspired when he thought about he
43、lping ordinary people exposed to cholera.,exposed to cholera 在句子中是过去分词用作后置定语, 表示被动, 意为 “患霍乱的”。如:,The book written by Lu Xun is very popular. 鲁迅写的书是很受欢迎的。,昨天我们看见的那个人是史密斯先生。,The man seen by us yesterday is Professor Smith.,发散思维： exposed adj. 暴露的, 暴露于风雨中的, 无掩蔽的 exposedness n. 暴露, 显露,开放思维: expose to 使暴露
44、，揭穿 expose sth to the light of day 把某事暴露于光天化日之下 expose a fraud 揭穿骗局,1) Miles of sand are exposed at low tide. 2) The people of some Asian countries were exposed to the tsunami in 2004. 3) He exposed the crime to the police. 4) He exposed the plan to the newspaper.,to uncover,to make suffer,to make k
45、nown,to make known,5) The wolf opened its mouth to _ a row of sharp teeth.,6) Dont _ your skin to the sun or your skin will be hurt.,expose,expose,6. This was the deadly disease of its day. die (v.) dead (adj.) death (n.) deadly adj. (1) dangerous; likely to cause death 危险的; 致命的 a deadly disease/wea
46、pon (2) highly effective against sth. or someone 强有力的; 致命的 a deadly remark 击中要害的评论,(3) aiming to kill or destroy 意在杀死的; 不共戴天的: a deadly enemy 不共戴天的敌人 deadly adv. (1) very 极度; 非常; 十分 deadly serious 十分认真 (2) like death 死一般地 deadly pale 死一般苍白,7. So many thousands of terrified people died every time the
47、re was an outbreak.,every time 在这里是连词, 引导时间状语从句, 意为“每次, 每当”。,e.g. Every time I meet him, I always think of the things happened between us.,每次见到他, 我就想起发生在我们之间的 事情。,注意: immediately, the moment, directly, instantly 等与 every time一样, 都可以 用作连词引导时间状语从句, 意为 “一就”。如： I will give the letter to him immediately
48、I see him. 我一见到他就把这封信给他。 I came directly I got your letter. 我一接到你的信就来了。,8. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.,absorbinto 吸收 如：,e.g. The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization.,这家大公司逐渐将这些小的公司吞并了。,absorb v. (1) 吸收(液体),Water absorbs oxygen.,(2) The clever boy absorbed all the knowledge his teacher could give him. (3) The book absorbed his attention. (4) The surrounding small towns have been absorbed into the city.,理解, 接受,吸引 (注意力, 兴趣等),使并入, 吞并,be absorbed in 被吸引; 专心于;