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1、,定语从句,第二讲,定义及其作用： 定语从句是又称形容词性从句,在句子中起定语作用,修饰一个名词或代词,有时也可修饰一个句子.受定语从句修饰的词叫先行词.定语从句可分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词后面，所以如果在名词或代词后面出现一个从句，根据它与前面名词或代词的逻辑关系来判断是否是定语从句。,The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.,先行词,放置于名词之_，修饰 名词的从句,关系词,连接作用,1.,2.,在从句中充当成分,后,Titanic is the ship that sank after h
2、itting an iceberg.,Rose and Jack are the lovers who met on the ship.,Rose,the lady/meet Jack on Titanic,Rose is met Jack on Titanic,Jack,the young man /want to save Rose,the man /want to kill Jack,Cal,Jack is wanted to save Rose,Cal is wanted to kill Jack.,the lady who,the young man who,the man who,
3、the ship/sink into the ocean,the ship/is the most beautiful in the world at that time,Titanic is sank into the ocean.,Titanic is was the most beautiful in the word at that time.,the ship that,the ship that,the Heart of Ocean,the diamond/is worn by Rose,The Heart of Ocean is was worn by Rose.,the dia
4、mond/is dropped into the ocean by Rose,The Heart of Ocean is was dropped into the ocean by Rose,the diamond that,the diamond that,引导定语从句关系代词的用法： that which who whom whose,1.that在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物,1)A plane is a machine that can fly.（ 主语）,2)The noodles that I cooked were delicious.（宾语）,3)Lets ask the ma
5、n that is reading the book over there.（ ）,4)The girl that we saw yesterday is Jimsister.（ ）,主语,宾语,2. Which 在从句中作主语或宾语，指物,1) They planted the trees which didnt need much water. ( ),3. who whom 在从句中分别作主语和宾语 (口语中who也可作宾语),1) The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.（ ）,2) The fish
6、which we bought were not fresh. （ ）,2) The boy who broke the window is called Michael.（ ）,主语,宾语,主语,主语,The boss in whose company my father worked is a very kind person. He wrote a book in which this event was mentioned in details. Which a.可以引导非限制性定语从句 My sister gave me a determined look, which said t
7、hat she wouldnt change her mind. b.可以指代前面整个句子 We defeated all our opponents in the basketball match, which was considered the most exciting news this term.,关系代词whose, which可以在从句中与它所修饰的词一起作介词宾语,NOTE,关系副词when, where, why引导的定语从句,October 1, 1949 is the day when(=on which) the Peoples Republic of China w
8、as founded. Ill never forget the time when(=during which) we worked on the farm. Do you remember the afternoon when(=on which) we first met three years ago?,where,This is the place where (=at /in which) we first met. The hotel where (=in which) we stayed wasnt very clean. I recently went to the town
9、 where (=in which) I was born,why,I didnt get a pay rise, but this wasnt the reason why (=for which) I left. The reason why (=for which) he was late was that he missed the train.,修饰物体时关系代词that和 which的区分 使用that的情况： 1.当先行词是nothing, something, anything, all, each等不定代词时。 e.g. Do you have anything that i
10、s important to tell me?,2.当先行词被all, any, some, no, not, every, each等修饰时。 e.g. I have some books that are very good. 3.当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。 e.g. This is the first book that I bought myself. The biggest bird that I caught is this bird.,4.主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时 e.g. Which is the bike that you lost? Who
11、 is the woman that was praised at the meeting. 5.当先行词在从句和主句中都作表语时,无论先行词是人还是物. China is no longer the country that she was.,6.如有两个定语从句,其中一个已用which引导,另一个宜用that . Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before. 7.在there be句型中,只用that. He asked for the latest book (that)
12、there is on the subject.,8.当先行词被the very, the last, the next, the only 等词修饰时。 e.g. This is the very book that I lost yesterday. 9.当先行词又有人又有物时。 e.g. I wont forget the things and the persons that I saw.,只能使用which的情况。 1、非限制性定语从句中。 e.g. Mary has a book, which is very precious. 2、在介词之后。 e.g. This is a ho
13、use in which lives an old man. 3、当主句中的主语被that修饰时。 e.g. That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary.,Fill in the blanks with suitable relative pronouns. 1. This is the only book _ I got last year. 2. Is this the book in _ you are interested? 3. This is the largest animal _ Tom saw in the zoo
14、.,that,which,that,Exercises.,4. Rose still remembers the trees and teachers_ exist (存在)in the mother school. 5. All the desks _ are bought look really wonderful. 6. Do you have any money _is used to build the factory? 7. Tom has a toy, _was given by his father. 8. This is the second watch _ my fathe
15、r bought for me.,that,that,which,that,that,修饰人时关系代词that 和who, whom的区分。 当主句中的主语是who时，只能用that。 e.g. Who is the girl that is standing over there? 在非限制性定语从句中以及介词后面时只能用who 或者whom。 e.g. I have a son, who is really lovely and interesting. There are 40 students in the class, most of whom are boys.,关系代词whose
16、既能修饰人，也能修饰物，在定语从句中充当定语，修饰先行词。 e.g. She is the girl whose English sounds very beautiful. Mary has a very good dog, whose hair turns out white and black.,关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别. 1.位置:as从句可在主句前或主句后,而which从句只可在主句后.,2.意义:as从句常是一些固定结构,(如as is known to all, as we expected, as everybody knows等,而且译为”正如.,恰
17、如”.) the sameas, such as,和一样. which从句多为对主句的一种评价看法,或者主从句之间形成一种因果关系. He failed in the exam, which made his parents angry. As we had expected, he failed in the exam.,关系副词when, where, why的用法以及与关系代词的区分。 关系副词在定语从句当中只能充当状语，当一个句子能够完整地表达一个意思时，我们就可以给这个句子加上特定的关系副词。 e.g. I wont forget the time when I got marrie
18、d. Have you still remember the days when we stayed together?,This is the place where we had a good time. Is this the house where Mr Smith lives? I dont know the reason why he wont join us. Do you know the reason why he didnt come to sweep the classroom?,关系副词when, where和关系代词that, which的区分。请比较以下句子： Th
19、is is the park we visited last year. This is the park we held a birthday party. She wont forget the days she spent on the island.,that,where,that,She wont forget the days they stayed together. Thats the date we went to the college. Thats the date she wont forget forever. I like the time we lived tog
20、ether. I like the time we had together.,when,that,that,when,that,Exercises.,Fill in the blanks with appropriate relative pronouns and adverbs. 1. Is this the room _ you cleaned last time? 2. Is this the room _ we lived before? 3. This is the garden _ they stayed for a night. 4. This is the garden _
21、they visited last time.,that,where,where,that,5. Tom has forgotten the day _ he left his home. 6. Tom has forgotten the day _ I told him last day. 7. She still remembers the year _ she found her first job. 8. She still remembers the year _ she spent in Jining.,when,that,when,that,关系副词when, where, wh
22、y 和介词+which之间的关系。关系副词when, where, why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at+which, where=in/on/at+which, why=for+which介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。,e.g. 1. I wont forget the date when ( ) I was born. 2. This is the flat where ( ) I lived. = 3. I dont know the reason why ( ) he havent come today. 4. Tom still remembers the days when ( ) they lived in Tianjin.,This is the flat which I lived in.,in which,on which,for which,in which,Thank you!,