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1、人文學報告 第三組,組員 圖資二 方凱鴻496100238 鄭喬比496100367 許芳瑄496100381 黃楚余496100525 許妤瑩496100616,主題：哲學資源（三）,Reference Referral： Public Library Humanities Questions in Californias Reference Network 加州公共圖書館的參考網路 所遭遇的有關人文學科方面的問題 Author：Kay Roberts,SUMMARY,Public libraries receive a wide variety of reference questions
2、 in the humanities. ranging from requests requiting scholaraly literary or historical research to requests for vaguely remembered poetry and quotations. The clientele of public libraries varies widely in levels of expertise and expectations of the library.,Major barriers to reference service are the
3、 lack of time and resources at the local level. problems typical of second-level humanities research, representative questions and sources are described. Discussion centers on questions answered at the Bay Area Library and Information System, a second-level reference center in Oakland.,SUMMARY,CLIEN
4、TELE, THEIR QUESTIONS,THE REFERRAL PROCESS 顧客的問題與參考過程,Patrons come to the public library with an impressive range of questions in the humanities. They want to know wampum exchan gerates, the contents of Lincolns pockets when he was assassinated,how to write Nefertiti in hieroglyphics, or who killed
5、Omar Mojaddadi in the 1879 battle at Maiwand. wampum：貝殼念珠 wampum exchan gerates：金錢匯率 Nefertiti：奈費提蒂,讀者對於很多事物感到好奇，如康斯坦次、Tom Coffin、沒有 對話的小說、Scritti Politti的意思、limbo(地邊)對於歷史及宗 教的重要性、騎士雕像蹄的部位代表的意思、古老的城鎮Eugoa及 Eugia的位置；他們想知道為什麼梵谷傷害自己後，醫師卻不幫他 執行手術；他們想要得到“Z Otchlani”的英文翻譯、“俄羅斯人 權宣言”、馬丁路德的演說“我有一個夢想”中文版；他們需
6、 要一些詩的副本；他們有一行的詩文，並希望可以找到其完整的詩 文背景。這些典型的公共圖書館參考問題都是來自於美國加州的參 考中心BALIS的地方公共圖書館的人文學參考問題抽樣。,BALIS = Bay Area Library and Information System 海灣地區圖書交流服務機構 Referral：轉介 源自於社會服務領域，其目的在指引個人到所需要的資源或服務。,關於BALIS,Reference referral began in California with the Bay Area Refer-ence Center, funded by a Library Serv
7、ices and Construction Act grant to the San Francisco Public Library from the Califomia State Library in 1967. Since then, libraries have participated in an ever-changing network for reference referral. Local libraries refer questions to second-level regional centers, which can, in mm, refer unanswer
8、ed questions to the state-wide third-level center, the State of California Answering Network (SCAN). Special and academic libraries interact with the network invarious ways. Services, poli-cies and procedures vary from center to center, but a major actwty is answering public library reference questi
9、onson all subjects. Ill focus on aspects of second-level humanities research, describing resources and strategies used at BALLS, which may differsome-what from other centers.,Librarians at SCAN specialize by broad subject areas, to become more proficient in resources in those areas. Reference center
10、s try various strategies to better serve their widely varied clientele. BALLS sponsored a Spanish language project toidentify Spanish language resources, purchase materials, and provide second-level reference in Spanish. A childrens specialist at BALLS provides expertise on questions on childrens li
11、terature and extends second-level reference services to children.,BALIS,Libraries fax or send forms through system delivery to BALLS. We also encourage questions by telephone to facilitate referral and insure that the form does not create a barrier to service. Personal contacts between librarians ar
12、e an excellent way to facilitate the referral process; to develop those contacts BALLS staff attends library staff meetings, supports work- shop activities, and conducts BALIS orientations. We keep communication open while working on questions using memos or phone calls to clarify questions. At time
13、s, partial information is sent asa reality check to make sure we are on the right track before pursuing a complete answer. This back and forth process often involves questions in the humanities,which frequently need interpretation and clarification.,Just finding information in the humanities can be
14、challenging. 在人文學中尋找資訊是具有挑戰性的,Finding the best resource may require time to look through both reference and circulating collections, check bibliographies, search online catalogs, and wait for interlibrary loan deliveries. 要找到最好的來源可能需要花時間在找尋參考與流通的館藏，核對書目，搜尋線上目錄，以及等待館際互借,At times, our patrons expectat
15、ions exceed what information is available 有時候顧客的期望會超出我們可用的資訊。 When I exhausted my resources, I turned to SCAN. This kind of work (Second-level research) is time-consuming because we provide patrons with answers, not sources. 當我用盡我的資料來源，我轉向SCAN(State of California Answering Network加州答詢系統)。像這樣的次等調查是很耗
16、時間的，因為我們提供給顧客的是答案不是來源。,SCAN,SCAN:Focuses on California library reference news and information. Includes updates on public officials, lists of prestigious awards, a whos-who obituary, facts and figures, and movie tie-ins. 聚焦在加州圖書館相關新聞跟資訊，包括政府官員的最新消息、有關名望的獎項、名人錄、訃告、事實與數據，以及電影相關連結,Imprecise knowledge o
17、f what we are looking for can complicate reference in the humanities, as can a lack of indexing. The patron requesting the rest of “Coward, take this cowards hand“ many years ago was not sure if it was a line from a film or poetry. The librarian working on this question has wonderful instincts for p
18、oetry, and searched through books of collected poetry after fast checking all indexed poems on cowardice. Her virtue was rewarded when she found Eve Merriams “The Coward“ in a collection edited by Scott Bates: Poems of War Resistance. Today this question would be simple, since the line is the last i
19、n the poem, and is now indexed in Facts on Files wonderful reference book Last Lines; an Index to the Last Lines of Poetry. It is still difficult to identify lines when we are not sure if they are poetry, prose or song,particularly if they are embedded in the middle of the work.,The patron who asked
20、 for Lindberghs “I Want to be a Spanish Dancer“ provided a challenge to the librarian who persisted in looking through much of Lindberghs poetry, and located those lines in the light-hearted poem “Caprice“ in a March 9, 1929 Literary Digest.If patrons remember lines from 1929, its little wonder they
21、 dont always get the titles right. At times we identify scholars who can provide definitive an-swers. I was unable to locate an English translation of Z Otchlani, a World War II underground publication, but I though there was a rare possibility one might exist.,The patron had provided a good source:
22、 a footnote, indicating the anthology first published the poem “Cam-po die Fiori“ by Czeslaw Milosz. Mr. Milosz answered my letter,providing the final word. There is no English translation, but the original is in his archive at Yale. Sometimes we contact experts to verify information. The entry in T
23、he Faber Companion to 20th-Century Popular Music on the band Scritti Politti indicates the name means “political writing“ in Italian, but a professor of Italian disagreed, and the bands recording company said the name meant nothing at all!,In addition to library collections and experts BALIS accesse
24、s information through online databases. Many questions require an online search at some point in the research, a service which is not offered in many local libraries. Some searches provide leads, but others provide answers. For the patron curious about the contents of Lincolns pockets, an online sea
25、rch through full-text newspapers brought up a thoughtful article from the April 12, 1988 Chicago Tribune, in which the writer speculates on what the homely items-spectacles, handkerchief, news clippings, pocketknife, and a Con-federate bill-tell us about the man. These, then are the resources we use
26、 in second-level humanities research: databases, reference files,librarycollections, organizations, special collections and experts.,SEARCH FOR A LETTER BY ALEX HALEY,Some questions require the use of many resources; a request for a letter by Alex Haley was one. The patron knew of an exchange of let
27、ters in the New York Times in which a reader attacked Roots and debunked black genealogy. 作品根和揭發黑人家譜 目的：Haley responded with an eloquent defense. The patron wanted Haleys letter to use in Kwanza celebrations. (安哥拉的慶典頌揚),文章作者的檢索過程,1 check of the Times index 從時代雜誌的索引開始查起 there are entries under black
28、history,television and books. the whole Haleys story is not laid out in one tidy page Online indexes are superior tools, but dont answer all our questions. Access here probably would not have helped, since I didnt have any unusual terms, or money or time enough to bring up and read everything relate
29、d to Alex Haley. 流通在這裡大概不能有所幫助，我們既沒有任何特殊關係或金錢，和足夠的時間去找出和閱讀所有關於Alex Haley的東西。 2 digging around in a printed index 挖掘書面索引 He find that letters were indexed, but not to find any by Haley. a problem not unusual in humanities questions: not knowing the time frame. Humanities=人文學科,思考的方向,1. Time Assuming i
30、t must have been around 1976 or 1977, the book and television program dates, he concentrated on those years. 2.資料型式 I did not assume Haleys response was necessarily a letter;he might have responded on the op-ed page or elsewhere. 3. tried the paper of record 文本記錄 The New York Times, however, obvious
31、ly overwhelmed by calls for everything from the weather to pictures of somebodys Aunt Tillie from the 1940s, has taken refuge behind an answering recording which refers you to information sources such as their index. 然而,紐約時報很明顯的勝過1940年代某人的Aunt Tillie ：號稱為從天氣到圖片的資料都有,紐約時報保留的回答記錄會指引我們找到資料來源就像是資料的索引。 找
32、到的資源： A Guide to Magazine Articles, Newspaper Articles and Books The Kaiser Index to Black Resources, 1948-1986.,思考的方向,4. probably problems 思考哪裡出了問題 Is the patron sure it was the Times? Why? Can they tell us any more, such as the kinds of issues Haley addressed? Other hints? Might it be one of the c
33、itations I have suggested? 新線索： The library replied that the patron saw the letter in Haleys effects the week before the auction of Haleys estate; maybe it was an exchange published in another paper. 之前會找不到的原因： Getting misinformation the first time around is not unusual. Patrons, reluctant to alarm
34、us with specific information, often hide behind generalities. 5. ask librarian He decided to try Nashville, where a librarian at the Tennessean newspaper checked her files for Haley references.,收穫及過程,A. The name of the auctioneer. B. He was surprised that the telephone number provided by directory a
35、ssistance was his home phone. C. He had a nice chat with the auctioneer, who saw all the items auctioned and did not recognize what our patron described. D. The auctioneer had suggestions. Some items had gone to the New York Public Librarys Schomburg collection and special collections at the Univers
36、ity of Tennessee. E. He also suggested a reporter at the Village Voice who is writing a book on Haley. 他也提示有位記者在Village Voice 又寫過關於Haley的書,思考的方向,6. 結果 Sadly enough, despite all my good leads, I still dont have the Haley letter. 7. 過程中的心得與收穫 It is always interesting and sometimes frustrating to conta
37、ct experts and special collections. He is convinced the rules of networking include screwing up your courage and trying anybody, at almost anytime. Try as we do, we dont find everything, but serendipity or old inquiries might turn this up eventually. Theres always next years Kwanza celebration. REFERENCE Roberts, Kay “BARC: A Brief History of Californias First Statewide Reference Center,“ Wilson Library Bulletin, January, 1990, pp. 3,END 謝謝觀賞,