四级写作模板班讲义.ppt

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1、四级写作模板班 北京新东方学校 石雷鹏,石雷鹏： http:/ TOEFL、IELTS、 考研、 四六级写作,Mini-test：你的水平 首先，我祝愿大家更快乐，更健康。 Above of all I congrataulate all the students to happier than before, body is healtier.,First, I wish all students are happier and healthier.,如何涨分？,自己写的内容：保分,背诵的内容：涨分,四级写作和翻译占总分20%，满分为142；其中写作15%，满分为106.5,课程目标: 从“

2、蔡少芬” 到 “贝多芬” 70分 90分,2011年12月四级写作复习重点：,2005年12月-2011年6月 1. 议论文：11次 2. 应用文：2次 3. 图表作文：0次,课程介绍：四个板块 1. 四级写作最有效复习方法 2. 考试概况 3. 功能段落模板及例题分析 4. 应用文和图表模板,关于模板那点事！,摈弃传统模板： 问题：张同学 模板，用还是不用？困惑,功能模板的概念：,提纲 功能段落 四级考试一般有三个提纲，可以总结为六种功能段落。因此，掌握好六种功能段落，也就掌握了所有作文的写作。,2011年6月大学英语四级考试真题,Part I Writing (30 minutes) Di

3、rections： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Online Shopping. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1. 现在网上购物已成为一种时尚 2. 网上购物有很多好处， 但也有不少问题 3. 我的建议,2010年12月大学英语四级考试真题,Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions：For this part, you are

4、allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. 1. 目前不少父母为孩子包办一切 2. 为了让孩子独立, 父母应该,2010年6月19日大学英语四级考试试题,Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed

5、30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1. 如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写 2. 出现这种情况的原因 3. 为了改变这种状况，我认为,2009年12月大学英语四级考试,Part Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed

6、30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Creating a Green Campus. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1. 建设绿色校园很重要 2. 绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境 3. 为了建设绿色校园，我们应该,2009年6月英语四级考试,Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a sh

7、ort essay on the topic of Free Admission to Museums. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow: 1. 越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么？ 2. 也会带来一些问题 3. 你的看法？,段落层面：六种功能段落,1. 现象描述 2. 危害分析 3. 原因分析,4. 建议措施 5. 观点阐述（利弊） 6. 意义阐述,篇章层面：六种功能段落的排列组合,1. 问题解决型：2010年6月 2. 观点对比型（利弊分析）：2011年6月 3. 现象阐述型

8、：2009年12月,请区分以下提纲所对应的功能段落 2008年12月：Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags 1.一次性塑料袋曾经广泛使用 2.使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题 3.限制一次性塑料袋的意义,2008年6月,Recreational Activities 1. 娱乐活动多种多样， 2. 娱乐可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性， 3. 作为大学生，我的看法。,2007年12月,What Electives to Choose 1.各大学为大学生开设了各种各样的选修课 2.学生出于各种原因选择了不同的选修课 3.以我自己为例,总结复习：,1. 现

9、象描述 2. 危害分析 3. 原因分析,4. 建议措施 5. 观点阐述（利弊） 6. 意义阐述,写作概况：,1. 试题形式（考场注意事项） 2. 评分方法（高分作文要求） 3. 评卷实例（高分模版思路）,答题卡1： Part I Writing （30 minutes） Part II Reading Comprehension （Skimming and Scanning） （15 minutes）,试题形式：,Writing：2008年12月 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short ess

10、ay on the topic of Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow: 1.一次性塑料袋曾被广泛地使用 2.造成的问题 3.限制使用的意义,笔记,审题关注： 英文指令：题材+话题 汉语提纲：识别提纲功能 字数：至少120，最好140-150， 若题目读不懂：英文题目+汉语提纲,写作概况：评分方法,1.Global scoring 2.Rewarding score 原始赋分：满分15分 标准分：1

11、07分 五个分数档次：0、2、5、8、11、14,写作概况：评卷实例,0分：白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想。 5分：基本切题，表达思想不够清楚，连贯性差，有较多严重错误。 14分：文章切题。文字通顺，条理清楚，无重大语言错误，仅有个别小错。,评卷实例:请思考高分作文特征,实例一 英文题目：BicyclesAn Important Means of Transport in China,汉语提纲： (1)为什么自行车在中国这样普及 (2)和汽车的比较 (3)自行车在中国的前途,模版的提炼过程：思路和表达,Bicycles are very popular in Chi

12、na. Almost every family in the city has two or three bicycles. During the rush hour, you can see that thousands of people - man and woman, old and young - ride their bicycles to work and study. That is why China is called “the kingdom of bicycles”.,单复数错误：man and woman men and women 词性误用：old and youn

13、g the old and the young 专有名词：第一个和最后一个单词首字母大写，其他：实词（名动形副代数）首字母大写；虚词（介连冠）首字母不大写。,首句模板句式提炼：Bicycles are very popular in China. 词性转化：popular popularity. In China, bicycles have gained great/wide popularity among Chinese people.,练习：(请暂停完成以下真题句子写作:铅笔） 2011-06：现在网上购物已成为一种时尚 2010-06：如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写 2009-1

14、2：建设绿色校园很重要 2009-06：越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么？ 2008-12：一次性塑料袋曾经广泛使用 2008-06： 娱乐活动多种多样,2011-06：现在网上购物已成为一种时尚 In the recent decade, online shopping has gained wide popularity among youngsters.,2010-06：如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写 In China, English learning has gained wide popularity among students. However, ,2009-12：

15、建设绿色校园很重要 In the contemporary society, the concept of green campuses has gained wide popularity among universities or colleges.,2009-06：越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么？ In the present-day society, free admission to museums is enjoying great popularity among Chinese citizens.,2008-12：一次性塑料袋曾经广泛使用 During the pas

16、t decades, disposable plastic bags gained wide popularity among people in the whole world.,2008-06： 娱乐活动多种多样 In this day and age, a variety of recreational activities have gained wide popularity among individuals.,此外，,简单句(Bicycles are very popular in China. ) 长难句?,我爱记歌词 In my eyes, you are the most

17、beautiful. In my eyes, no one is more beautiful than you.,高分句式: 双重否定 结构：No _ is/are more _ than _. 原句：Bicycles are very popular in China. In China, no means of transport is more popular and important than bicycles.,我能想到最浪漫的事就是和你一起变老。,二句模板句式提炼：Almost every family in the city has two or three bicycles

18、. 调查法描述：Based on a recent report, a majority of Chinese families in the cities acknowledge that they have two or three bicycles.,练习： (请暂停:在完成首句之后，对以下现象进行描述） 2011-06：现在网上购物已成为一种时尚 2010-06：如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写 2009-06：越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么？ 2008-12：一次性塑料袋曾经广泛使用 2008-06： 娱乐活动多种多样,2011-06：现在网上购物已成为一种时尚 Base

19、d on a recent report by China Daily, 72.34% of young people reckon that they have purchased clothes, books and other items on Taobao, Dangdang, Amazon and Group-buying websites.,2010-06：如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写 However, according to a recent survey, a great many learners admit that they pay less attention

20、to words spelling.,2009-06：越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么？ Based on an investigation, a majority of visitors reckon that by visiting museums freely, they acquire rich knowledge on history, military and customs.,2008-12：一次性塑料袋曾经广泛使用 As a recent reports reveals, a majority of residents acknowledge that they hav

21、e been using these bags to take food, books and many other goods.,2008-06： 娱乐活动多种多样 According to a recent survey, a majority of folks admit that they participate in more recreational activities: traveling, sports, watching TV or movies and surfing the Internet.,三句提炼：During the rush hour, you can see

22、 that thousands of people - man and woman, old and young - ride their bicycles to work and study. 模板句式：During the rush hour, it can be noticed that thousands of people men and women, the old and the young- ride bicycles to work and study.,练习： (请暂停:在完成前两句之后，描述以下话题现象） 2011-06：现在网上购物已成为一种时尚 Every day,

23、it can seen that thousands of people men and women, the old and the young shop online to buy various goods.,2009-06：越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么？ On the weekends, it can noticed that hundreds of people men and women, the old and the young visit museums to see the exhibits.,首段现象描述（正面）,In China, bicycles have

24、 gained great popularity among Chinese people. Based on a report, a majority of residents in the cities acknowledge that they have two or three bicycles. During the rush hour, it can be noticed that thousands of people men and women, the old and the young- ride bicycles to work and study.,Compared w

25、ith cars, bicycles are superior in many ways. First, they are cheap, convenient and easy to ride. Second, riding bicycle is good for health. Third, they bring no noise nor air pollution. Though（转） cars are faster and more comfortable, they are too expensive. They consume plenty of oil and they pollu

26、te the air. Sometimes, it is difficult for a driver to park his car. Moreover they often cause traffic jams and accidents.,支持：利,Compared with cars, bicycles are superior in many ways. First, they are cheap, convenient and easy to ride. Second, riding bicycle is good for health. Third, they bring no

27、noise nor air pollution.,常用词积累,分词结构开头: compared with cars 。 be superior to = 优于 be inferior to = 低于 层次与逻辑： first, second, third, moreover,模板提炼： Compared with cars, bicycles are superior in many ways. 2. 网上购物有很多好处， 但也有不少问题 Compared with shopping in departments, online shopping is superior in many way

28、s. Compared with = In comparison with,常用理由：,便宜： cheap / economical / inexpensive 如：First, it is inexpensive to buy books or film tickets online.,方便： convenient / convenience / inconvenience 如：Second, this means of shopping brings us great convenience.,对有益 be good/ beneficial/ rewarding for,转：,模板提炼：T

29、hough（转） cars are faster and more comfortable, they are too expensive. 欲抑先扬：Though/Although + 优点，+缺点（弊）,请暂停电脑：练习Though让步状语从句进行转折 2011-06：网上购物有很多好处， 但也有不少问题 2009-06：1.越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么？ 2.也会带来一些问题 2008-12：使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题 2008-06：娱乐可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性,2011-06：网上购物有很多好处， 但也有不少问题 Though online shopping is

30、beneficial, it carries some risks.,2009-06：1.越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么？ 2.也会带来一些问题 Although free admission is convenient and beneficial, it does cause some problems.,2008-12：使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题 Although these bags are convenient and inexpensive, they result in some negative impacts.,2008-06：娱乐可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性 A

31、lthough these activities are rewarding, they generate certain negative influences.,They consume plenty of oil and they pollute the air. Sometimes, it is difficult for a driver to park his car. Moreover they often cause traffic jams and accidents. consume：time/ energy /money 如：Choosing or selecting i

32、tems in the Internet consumes plenty of time and energy.,我的看法,In my opinion, the future of bicycle is very promising. Since China is a developing country and has a large population, I think, riding bicycle is appropriate to Chinese present conditions. It will be an important means of transportation

33、for quite a long time.,模板提炼：In my opinion, the future of bicycle is very promising. I am convinced that the future of bicycle is very promising. what convinces me is that ,高分特征：,1.内容相关 （切题即可） 2.结构清晰 （新闻联播三段论） 3.语言精彩 （句子结构词多变),如何做到内容切题和结构清晰？,三步法： a.审读英文题目和汉语提纲：识别提纲功能 b.将三提纲转化为英文句子充当主题句 (若提纲是两个则添加一个)

34、c.将主题句扩展成英文段落,内容如何扩展？,以TOEFL写作为例： 万能话题：环境类 a.在你家周围建一个工厂，你是否同意？ b.你认为科学家对人类的贡献大还是艺术家对人类的贡献大？,c.你的职业梦想是什么？ d.如果让你发明一样机器，你会选择什么？ e.如果你有一笔钱，你会用它来做什么？,再以四级考试为例,作业：题目：On English Learning 1. 英语学习很重要 2. 英语者所面临的困难 3. 如何学好英语,1992-6 1.你在英语学习中有哪些困难? 2.你是如何克服这些困难的? How I Overcame my Difficulties in Learning Engl

35、ish,1993-6 1.我最喜爱的电视(或无线电)节目是. 2.这类节目的内容和特点 3.我喜欢它的原因,1994-6 1.人们对职业各有不同的理想 2.我理想的职业是什么 3.我怎样为我理想的职业做准备,1997-1 1.怎样理解“熟能生巧”? 2.例如：在英语学习中 3.又如 Practice Makes Perfect,2000-1 1.上大学的费用(tuition and fees)可以通过多种途径解决 2.哪种途径适合于我(说明理由) How I Finance My College Education,2000-6 1.很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是 2.也有人持不同意

36、见. 3.我的看法和打算 Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary,2003.6 1.简单叙述一下这位同学生病(或受伤)的情况 2.同学、老师和我是如何帮助他/她的 3.人与人之间的这种相互关爱给我的感受是,2003.12 1.建议报考的专业及理由 2.报考该专业的基本条件 3.应当如何备考,2005.1 1.你认为自己具备了什么条件(能力、性格、爱好等)可以胜任学生会主席的工作 2.如果当选,你将为本校同学做些什么,2005年6月 1.向老师致以节日祝贺。 2.从一件难忘的事回忆老师的教诲和无私的奉献。 3.我如何回报老师的关爱,2006-6月 1. 校学生

37、会将组织一次暑期志愿者活动，现招募志愿者。 2.本次志愿者活动的目的，内容、安排等。 3.报名条件及联系方式,2007年6月 欢迎辞，Welcome to our club 1. 表达你的欢迎； 2. 对你们俱乐部作一个简要介绍,2007年12月 1.各大学开设了各种各样的选修课 2. 学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课 3. 以你自己为例 ,2010年6月 1.如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写。 2.出现这种情况的原因。 3.如何避免这一问题 Due Attention Should Be Given to Spelling,请记住：内容上,熟悉什么 就写什么,写作基础：句子结构词多变 a

38、.遣词 b.造句,遣词两方面：,The speech by Obama If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible, who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time, who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer.,1. 广度：a wide/rich vari

39、ety of a.同义词法 b.同根词法,c.范畴词法：下义词 上义词 相关词汇 d. 代词替换,Eg: think: deem = claim = hold = argue = maintain = ,2.深度：弃用第一反应词: academic Eg: important significant=essential=crucial=indispensable Exercise: very important = of great importance,very valuable = of great _ very significant = of great _ very necessar

40、y = of great _,If you dont know, who knows?,你不知道谁知道？,Work hard and make progress everyday.,好好学习，天天向上,造句：中英文差异,“hard forgetting” “heart flower angry open” “My heart is seven up eight down ” “you give me stop” “fuck food”,如何避免 Chinglish,Yesterday night, I was kicked by my girl friend. She ran away wit

41、h a small white face. She is my green plum and bamboo horse. However, could you please tell my why the injured is always me. I am very regret that she spent me a lot of money.,造句原则 a. 切忌逐字翻译 b. 汉语意思 英文结构,简单句： Xiao Shenyang is disgusting. I like her. 并列句： XSY is disgusting and I like her.,造句基础：简单句长难句

42、,复合句： If you shed tears when you miss the sun, you will also miss the stars.,简单句长难句 我看到人。 今天，我在电视上看到一个高高的、瘦瘦的、留着披肩发、踩着高跟鞋、穿着花裙子、潇洒飘逸的男人。,短长：加修饰成分 名词前： 加形容词、同位语、定语从句 简单句： 加状语（时间、地点、目的、方式等）,2008：娱乐活动多种多样。 5 words: There are many recreational activities.,33 words: In recent years, owing to the speedy d

43、evelopment of our society, there are a great many recreational activities in peoples daily life, which include sports, watching TV, surfing the Internet, and playing games.,Review:六种功能段落,1. 现象描述 2. 危害分析 3. 原因分析,4. 建议措施 5. 观点阐述（利弊） 6. 意义阐述,问题解决型写作思路： 现象描述+ 问题分析（原因或危害）+建议措施, 例如：2010年6月 Topic：Due Atten

44、tion Should Be Given To Spelling. 1. 如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写 2. 出现这种情况的原因 3. 为了改变这种状况，我认为,现象描述段（正反） 引出现象+具体描述+总结,1）引出现象：,首句1. Nobody/ No one could have failed to notice the fact that kids lack of independence has become a grave problem in many families. 负面：a grave problem 正面：a common/popular phenomenon/pr

45、actice,首句2. In the contemporary society, there is no denying the fact that + 客观事实（提纲1）.,首句3. On many campuses/ In the contemporary society/ In the present-day society/ In recent decades, the shortage of housing is one of the most serious problems with which people are confronted.,首句4(正反均可): Nowadays

46、/In the present-day society/In recent decades, it can be noticed that children depend more on their parents than ever before. (比较级引出问题),首句5(正反均可)： In the present-day society/ In recent years, it has become a prevalent/ popular tendency/ trend/ practice for _ to _.,首句6: （正面）In recent decades, _ has/h

47、ave gained great popularity among _. popularity public attention (负面),首句7：The past years /decades have seen /witnessed the huge/speedy advancement/ development of _.,段落写作原则： 1. 首句正确+开篇精彩, 帅锅： You are so beautiful! I love you. 美女: Get away!,帅锅：May I have directions? 美女: To where? 帅锅: To your heart. 美

48、女: ,2）具体描述：,二句1：事实描述二步走 第一步：提纲中涉及谁就说谁 第二步：引申其中的名词(由个体到群体，由小见大) 第三步：给句子加修饰 状语：1）时间：nowadays，recently；2）地点：in our modern society 列举：such as/including A，B，C and so forth/,练习：现在很多父母替孩子包办一切,. Parents do everything for their children. . A great many parents do everything for their children. . In many families, a great many parents do everything for their children, such as food, clothes, education even marriage.,（事实描述）An increasing number of individuals/people find it difficult/ hard/ troublesome to _. 2010-12: 父母替孩子包办一切：An increasing number of children find it hard to live on their own wi