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1、高考英语一轮复习 语法专题,专题13 正反解读特殊句式,专题13 正反解读特殊句式,专题13 高考链接,12011上海卷 It doesnt matter if they want to come to your party, ？ Adoesnt it Bdoes it Cdont they Ddo they 解析 B 考查反意疑问句。句意：他们是否想来参加你的聚会无关紧要，是不是？对“It doesnt matter if从句”句型进行反意疑问，需要针对主句进行，故选B。,22011重庆卷 I told them not everybody could run as fast as you
2、did，_？ Acould he Bdidnt I Cdidnt you Dcould they 解析 B 考查反意疑问句。当陈述部分是一个带有宾语从句的主从结构时，疑问部分的主语通常与主句的主语保持一致，故选择B项。,专题13 高考链接,32011四川卷 Was it on a lonely island _ he was saved one month after the boat went down? Awhere Bthat Cwhich Dwhat 解析 B 考查强调句。此处强调的是句子的地点状语on a lonely island，是强调句的一般疑问句句型：Was it 被强调部分
3、 that 句子？句意：他是不是在小船沉没一个月后在一座孤岛上被营救的？,专题13 高考链接,42011福建卷 Its nice. Never before such a special drink! Im glad you like it. AI have had BI had Chave I had Dhad I 解析 C 考查倒装句。never位于句首，该句应用倒装结构，又由语境可知该句应使用现在完成时。,专题13 高考链接,52011重庆卷 Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree? Of course, I have.It was
4、in our village _it was made. Athat Bwhere Cwhen Dwhich 解析 A 考查强调句型。套用强调句型“It is/wasthat ”可知A项正确，此处强调的是地点状语in our village。,专题13 高考链接,专题13 考点归纳, 考点一 倒装句 倒装有两种形式：一是句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前，进行完全倒装；二是只将助动词、情态动词等提前到主语的前面，进行部分倒装。 1完全倒装的使用规则 构成：将谓语动词直接提到主语前。,规则1：地点副词或方位副词here, there, out, in, up, down, away, off等放在
5、句首，而主语是名词时，句子则完全倒装。但是，当主语是人称代词时，主谓语序不变。如： Out rushed the children. Away he went. 规则2：地点状语位于句首时，为了避免头重脚轻，常将谓语置于主语之前，进行完全倒装。如： South of the river lies a small factory. From the valley came a frightening sound.,专题13 考点归纳,规则3：such, then, now, thus, the following 位于句首，谓语动词多为come, follow, begin, end, be时用
6、完全倒装。如： Such are the facts. The following is the answer to the question. Now comes your turn. 规则4：there be句型中，用完全倒装。此时，结构中的be可用lie/exist/stand/live/seem 等动词替代。如： There stands an ancient tower on the top of the mountain.,专题13 考点归纳,规则5：有时为了突出或强调，可用“表语系动词主语”的完全倒装结构。如： Present at the party were Mr. Gree
7、n and many other guests. Seated on the ground are a group of young men. 规则6：在 “sothat”和“suchthat”结构中，将“soadj./adv.”和“suchn.”提到句首时主句部分用完全倒装。如： So terrible was the storm that the whole roofs were blown off. Such a clever boy was Jack that he was able to work out all these difficult problems.,专题13 考点归纳
8、,2部分倒装的使用规则 构成：将情态动词、助动词、be动词提到主语前。 规则1：含有否定意义的副词或短语放在句首时。如：few, little, never, not, no, not until, nowhere, rarely, seldom, hardly/scarcelywhen/before, no soonerthan， not onlybut (also), at no time, by no means等。如：,专题13 考点归纳,He is active in personality, and seldom does he stay indoors. Hardly had I
9、 got to the airport when the plane took off.(注意谓语动词的形式) Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.(将until后面的全部内容提前),专题13 考点归纳,规则2：so/as/neither/nor 为标志词放在句首。如： (1)表示前面所说的肯定情况也适合于另一人或物。so/asbe/助动词/情态动词主语。如： Ive got an enormous amount of work to d
10、o. So have I. (2)表示前面所说的否定情况也适合于另一人或物。neither/norbe/助动词/情态动词主语。如： If she doesnt agree to the plan, neither will Tom. (3)当前面既有肯定又有否定或两个谓语时用so it is/was with sb.，也可以用so it is / was the same with sb.。如： He is a student and he doesnt go to school by bus.So it is with her.,专题13 考点归纳,规则3：only修饰状语(从句)，并置于句
11、首时，后面部分要部分倒装。如： Only if he has time will he come here. Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 规则4：在虚拟条件句中，从句谓语有助动词were, had, should时，可将if省略，而把were, had, should 移到句首，即Had/Were/Should主语谓语其他部分主句。如： Were he(If he were )here now, I could ask him. Should he(If he should)come, tell
12、him to ring me up.,专题13 考点归纳,规则5：as或though引导让步状语从句引起的倒装。句型是：表语/状语/动词原形as/though主语其他。如： Boy as he is, he knows a lot.(名词前不用冠词) Much as I like it, I will not buy it. Try as he might，he could not find a job.,专题13 考点归纳, 考点二 省略句 在英语中，有时为了避免结构上或内容上的重复，并使上下文紧密连接，有时因为语法的客观要求，句子中的一个或几个成分不需要表达出来，这种现象称为省略。英语中的
13、省略要求不破坏语法结构，要保持句子意义的准确无误。省略有词法上的省略，也有句法上的省略，还有一种替代省略。省略部分的成分和含义可从上下文或具体语言环境中找到而且是有章可循的，英语的省略大致有以下几种情况：,专题13 考点归纳,规则1：在某些特定的环境中，由于语言所指清楚，为了避免重复，常将谓语动词省略，留下主语和其他成分；如果谓语部分全部省略，而只留下主语时，主语用宾格形式。如： Jack would go to the Expo next week. Me, too.,专题13 考点归纳,规则2：动词不定式在like, love, care, want, hope, wish, expect
14、, prefer, refuse, decide, mean, intend, try, promise 等动词后作宾语时，为了避免重复，常常省略不定式后的内容，但要保留不定式符号to。如： Did you get a ticket? No, I meant to (get one), but there werent any left. 【温馨提示】 如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留be，have或have been。 Are you a sailor? No，but I used to be.,专题13 考点归纳,规则3：动词不定式与 be able to, b
15、e going to, have to, ought to, used to等构成复合谓语时，不定式结构常可省略，但要保留to。如： I dont want to wait for him, but I have to. 规则4: Im afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等作答语，后面so与not分别表示肯定和否定，宾语从句可省略。如： Do you think it will rain? I hope not.,专题13 考点归纳,规则5：当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it且从句中有be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be
16、动词。如： When(she was)asked, she made no answer. As(he was)a young man, he studied law and became a lawyer.,专题13 考点归纳, 考点三 反意疑问句 规则1：当must作“必须”讲时，其反意疑问部分用neednt；当含有mustnt(不允许、禁止)时，其反意疑问部分用must；当must表示推测，作“一定，准是”讲时，反意疑问部分的动词形式根据must后面的动词形式确定。如： You must go now, neednt you? 你现在必须走，是不是？ You mustnt smoke h
17、ere, must you? 你不能在这里吸烟，是吧？ You must have watched that football match last night, didnt you? 你昨晚一定是看足球比赛了， 是吧？,专题13 考点归纳,规则2：陈述部分含有used to时，疑问部分用usednt或didnt均可。如： You used to play football, usednt/didnt you? 你过去常常踢足球，是吗？ 规则3：陈述部分含有ought to时，其反意疑问部分用oughtnt或shouldnt均可。如： He ought to attend the meetin
18、g, oughtnt/shouldnt he? 他应该参加会议，是不是？,专题13 考点归纳,规则4：当陈述部分带有seldom, hardly, scarcely, never, few, little, nothing, nobody等否定词或半否定词时，疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。如： He could hardly get up, could he? 他几乎起不来了，是不是？ 规则5：陈述部分含有表示“否定”意义的前缀或后缀构成的词，疑问部分一般用否定式。如： Mary dislikes sports, doesnt she? 玛丽不喜欢体育运动，不是吗？,专题13 考点归纳,规则6：当
19、陈述部分带有宾语从句时，疑问部分的主语应和主句的主语保持一致。但当主句是：I think，I believe, I suppose, I expect, I imagine等结构时，疑问部分的主语和谓语动词均应和宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致。如： He said that he would come here on time, didnt he? I dont think he will come here on time, will he?,专题13 考点归纳,规则7：祈使句后加附加问句，不表示反意，而表示一种语气。其结构为： (1)否定祈使句，will you? 如： Dont open
20、the door, will you? (2)肯定祈使句，will/wont you? 如： Open the door, will/wont you? (3)Lets，shall we? 如： Lets go out for a walk, shall we? (4)Let us，will you？如： Let us go out to play football, will you?,专题13 考点归纳, 考点四 强调句 强调句的基本句型是“It is/was被强调的部分that/who其他”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。 规则1：要用that引导从句，而不能用which，而且不
21、能省略。被强调的是人时，引导词可用who，也可用that。如： It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday. 昨天我是在火车站见到李明的。 Was it you that/who let out the secret to her? 是你把这个秘密泄露给她的吗？,专题13 考点归纳,【温馨提示】 当被强调的是主语时，代词要用主格形式。 It was I who put forward the theory first. 是我最先提出这个理论的。 规则2：强调主语时，要注意引导词与其谓语的一致性。如： It is our
22、teacher who/that helps us make great progress. 正是我们的老师帮助我们取得了很大的进步。,专题13 考点归纳,规则3：对notuntil时间状语从句进行强调时，其句型是：It is/was not untilthat其他。如： It was not until twelve oclock last night that I went to bed. 昨天晚上我一直到十二点才睡。 规则4：强调句的特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词is/wasitthat/who其他。如： When was it that he made up his mind to tak
23、e this course？他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的？ Why is it that he doesnt like the book? 他为什么不喜欢这本书？,专题13 考点归纳,规则5：强调句型与It is/was时间when从句不能混淆。如： It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday.(强调句型)昨天晚上我半夜才回到家。 It was midnight when I got here yesterday.(时间状语从句) 昨天当我到达这儿时，已是半夜了。,专题13 考点归纳,专题13 反面解读,1【误】 Did he begi
24、n to learn English only when he was 30 years old. 【正】 He began to learn English only when he was 30 years old./Only when he was 30 years old did he begin to learn English. 解析 当only和所修饰的状语位于句首时引起部分倒装，如果不在句首时，则不倒装。此外，当only用于修饰主语时，也不倒装。如：Only the grownups are allowed to see the film.,2 【误】 Not only can
25、 he repair bikes but can he repair televisions. 【正】 Not only can he repair bikes but he can repair televisions. 解析 not onlybut(also)的部分倒装，其结构为：not only倒装语序，but also陈述语序。此外，当not onlybut also位于句首连接两个并列的主语时，主谓也不倒装。如：Not only she but also I will get married next year.,专题13 反面解读,3 【误】 I seldom watch TV,
26、but listen to the radio a lot. So do I. 【正】 I seldom watch TV, but listen to the radio a lot. So it is with me. 解析 若前句为两个或两个以上的分句，后句表示另外一个主语与前句有关的各种情况相同时，往往用： “so it is/was with主语”或者是“it is/was the same with主语”。,专题13 反面解读,4 【误】 A child as/though he is, he is very brave. 【正】 Child as/though he is, he
27、 is very brave. 解析 由as/though引导的表示“虽然，尽管”的让步状语从句用倒装语序，把从句的表语或状语等放在as/though的前面，但是如果从句中的表语是名词，该名词前不加任何冠词。,专题13 反面解读,5 【误】 Are you and Jane getting married? We hope. 【正】 Are you and Jane getting married? We hope to. 解析 动词不定式在like, love, care, want, hope, expect, prefer, refuse, decide, mean, intend, try, promise等动词后作宾语时，为了避免重复，常常省略不定式后的内容，但要保留不定式符号to。,专题13 反面解读,