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1、1,王衡高中英语语法25讲,育英科技 王衡老师,高考四轮复习法第一轮,2,第18讲 过去分词,3,构成形式 “动词原形+ed” 规则形式: e.g. open love study stop 不规则形式： e.g. cost bend keep fight break rise swim 过去分词没有时态和语态的变化,I 过去分词的构成形式,opened,loved,studied,stopped,cost,bent,kept,fought,broken,risen,swum,4,II 过去分词的性质,过去分词既有动词性质，也有形容词和副词性质 1)动词性质表现为:可以有自己的状语并组成过去分
2、词短语。 He likes to read the books written by Lu Xun.(过去分词短语) 2)形容词和副词性质表现为：过去分词（短语）在句中可作定语、表语、状语、补足语等。,译：他喜欢读鲁迅写的书。,5,6,done作状语,被动关系 不强调时间先后 Ving作状语 主动有时间前后 被动ved没有时间关系，所以，表示被动并且有时间先后顺序的，用having been done To do 做状语 表目的,7,2、分词做状语可表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、让步、方式： 1). Given a chance, I can surprise the world. 2). Co
3、ming into the room, he found his father angry. 3). Being tired, they went on working. 4). Having been hit by the big boy on the nose, the little boy began to cry. 5). He put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled, looking rather pleased.,8,1)过去分词在句子中可以作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语、让步状语等。 2)过去分词作状语时,过去分词
4、的逻辑主语与句子主语一致。,过去分词作状语有两大特点： 1)表示被动的动作，分词与主语的逻辑关系被动； 2)表示已经完成的动作。,9,过去分词作时间状语,1. When it is heated, ice will be changed into water. When heated, ice will be changed into water.,10,2. When it is seen under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed. Seen under a microscope, a fresh sno
5、wflake has a delicate six-pointed shape.,11,过去分词作原因状语,1. Since / As she was given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid. Given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid.,12,2. Because it was done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes. D
6、one in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes.,13,过去分词作条件或者假设状语,If they had been given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better. Given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better.,14,2. If I am compared with you, we still have a long way to go. Compared with you, we still ha
7、ve a long way to go.,15,过去分词作方式或伴随情况状语,1. The hunter left his house, and he was followed by his dog. The hunter left his house, followed by his dog.,16,2. She sat by the window, and she was lost in thought. She sat by the window, lost in thought.,17,Although we were exhausted by the climb, we contin
8、ued our journey, we continued our journey. Exhausted by the climb, we continued our journey.,过去分词作让步状语,18,Following the old man, we went upstairs. (跟着那个老人, 我们上了楼) 2. Followed by the old man, we went upstairs. (被那个老人跟着, 我们上了楼),Compare,19,3. 从上面看,体育场好像一个鸟巢。 _ from the top, the stadium looks like a bir
9、d nest. A. Seeing B. Seen 4. 从太空看, 宇航员看不到长城。 _ from the space, the astronaut could not discover the Great Wall. A. Seeing B. Seen,B,A,20,过去分词作定语 过去分词作定语与其所修饰的词之间存在着逻辑上的被动关系,且表示该动作已经完成。单个的过去分词作定语,通常置于被修饰的词的前面；分词短语作定语时,须置于被修饰词的后面。,21,定语窍门： 1、看主被动2、看不定式时间状语,1、done 被动关系 时间先后 2、Ving作定语没有完成式 主动有时间前后 被动表示正
10、被做 3、To do 做定语 表将来，可用被动,22,1. Last Sunday we went on an organized trip to the forest. 上周日我们进行了一次有组织的去森林的旅行。 2. A letter posted today will reach him the day after tomorrow. 今天寄出的信后天他就能收到。,23,被动意义：,an honored guest,一位受尊敬的客人,(受伤的工人)are now being taken good care of in the hospital.,B.完成意义,a retired teac
11、her,一位退休教师,They are cleaning (落叶) in the yard.,The injured workers,the fallen leaves,24,过去分词作定语前置和后置两种情况,单个的过去分词作定语, 通常放在被修饰的名词之前, 表示被动和完成意义。,1.前置定语,25,过去分词短语作定语时, 通常放在被修饰的名词之后, 它的作用相当于一个定语从句。,This will be the best novel of its kind ever written. =,Who were the so-called guests invited (= ) to your
12、party last night?,that has ever been written,who had been invited,2.后置定语,26,如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no + thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时，即使一个单一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。 例如： Is there anything unsolved? There is noting changed here since I left this town.,注意:,27,被动,主动,主动,语态,动作已经完成,(同时)进行,(之后)将来,时间先后 (与
13、谓语动词),-ed,-ing,to do,作定语,28,-ing和-ed形容词,单个-ed/-ed, 前置 -ing+名词：表示用途 a swimming pool=a pool for swimming a reading room=a room for reading,29,The girl who is sitting in the corner is adorable. The girl who was criticized is playing now The girl who will take park in exam tomorrow is playing now We vis
14、it a temple which was built 200 years ago. We visit a temple which is being rebuilt now. We visit a temple which will be rebuilt next year.,后置定语相当于省略的定语从句,30, The girl who has passed the exam is my gf.,错(完成式不能作定语),having,31,a moving film,the moved audience,an exciting news,a broken heart,an interest
15、ing story,a satisfied smile,-ing形容词多修饰物,-ed形容词多修饰人或与人有关的物,32,He is_. He has a _ look on his face.,frightened/frightening,frightened/frightening,frightened frightening,33,Everyone was _ by the _ story. (move) He was _ with the _ person. (annoy),moved,moving,annoyed,annoying,34,Poor boy! His _ looks a
16、nd _hands suggested he was very afraid. A. frightening; trembling B. frightened; trembled C. frightening; trembled D. frightened; trembling,D,35,The flowers _ sweet in the garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. (2004上海) A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt,B,36,现在分词作定语，它与被修饰
17、的名词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，而且该动词的动作正在进行。 过去分词做定语时，它与被修饰的名词存在着逻辑上有动宾关系，而且该动词的动作已经发生了。,现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别,37,习题：, I m very thirsty. Youd better drink some _ water. A. boiling B. boil C. boiled D. to be boiled,C,单个分词作定语放在所修饰的名词之前。 现在分词表明动作正在进行，过去分词表明动作已经完成。,38,过去分词短语做定语放在所修饰名词(词组)之后，与其所修饰的名词(词组是)动宾关系,且动作已经完成。 译:公元前77
18、6年举行的奥运会只持续了一天。,2)The Olympic Games _ in 776 B.C. lasted for only one day.,A,39,过去分词invited作定语修饰指示代词those,意为“被邀请的那些人”,两者是动宾（被动）关系。 those invited = those people who have been invited 单个过去分词作定语需放在所修饰的名词之前,但是something、anything、nobody、nothing、 those等代词的定语需后置。,3. Please dont forget him. He is one of _. A
19、. those invited B. invited those C. those inviting D. inviting those,A,40,用过去分词充当宾语补足语,过去分词作宾语补足语，表示动作已经完成或结束。能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词，表示被动意义或已完成的意义，有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。,After waking up, I found everyone gone. The speaker raised her voice to make herself heard. They found th
20、eir new bikes stolen.,41,1. 在feel, find, hear, notice, see, watch等表示感觉和心理状态的动词之后，表示感受到某人或某事被做。,I was sleeping when I heard my name called.,He was disappointed to find his suggestions turned down.,42,see watch do hear + sb./sth. + doing feel done notice,被动句还原to,感 官 动 词,43,I saw two boys fight with ea
21、ch other. Two boys were seen to fight with each other.,宾语补足语,46,44,do have/make/let + sth./sb. doing done to do get/leave + sth./sb. doing done doing keep sb./sth done,被动句还原to,2使 役 动 词,45,3. 表示“意欲；命令”的动词如like, order, want, wish，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。,I wish these letters (to be) typed as soon as possible.,He
22、 didnt want such question discussed at the meeting.,46,“with 宾语过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词 with 的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。 The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. With water heated, we can see the steam. With the matter settled, we all went home.,4. “with 宾语过去分词”结构,47,过去分词作宾语补足
23、语时，宾语是动作的承受者；现在分词作宾语补足语时宾语是动作的执行者。试比较： I found him lying on the grass just now. I found him knocked down by a car.,区分过去分词作宾语补足语与现在分词作宾语补足语,48,过去分词强调他们之间的被动关系，不定式强调动发生的全过程，现在分词强调它们之间的主动关系。 I saw her come into the classroom. I saw her coming into the classroom. I saw her taken out of the classroom.,过去
24、分词与不定式，现在分词作宾语补足语的区别,49,1.You seem frightened.你似乎受了惊吓。 2.They are excited. 3.He looked worried after reading the letter. 4. Everyone present is very inspired at his speech 听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋,二、过去分词作_,表语,过去分词作表语，即在主-系-表句型中表示主语的特点或所处的状态，表语前的系动词有包括be动词在内的多种形式。,50,系动词的分类：,“似乎类”：,“感觉类”：,“变成类”：,“仍然类”：,基本形式
25、：,Be( am, is, are),seem, appear, look,feel, sound, smell, taste,become, go, get, grow, fall, turn,remain, continue, stay, keep,51,注意：表示被动意义的主动结构,1.某些连系动词,如smell; taste; feel; sound; prove等 2.某些用来表示主语内在品质或性能的及物动词,如read; sell; wash; clean; cut; 等 3.某些表”发生(happen/take place), 属于（belong to ）爆发(break out
26、) 和传播(spread)”的不及物动词,Cotton feels soft. (adj.),The book sells well. (adv.),Great changes has taken place in the past 2 decades.,52,What he said was _ (encourage). We were _ (encourage )at what he said. The football game is very _(bore). We were _(bore) at the football game. The girl _ (dress) in red
27、 is my daughter. The results were very _(disappoint).,V-ing 与V-ed 作表语的区别,encouraging,encouraged,boring,bored,V-ing 修饰物，翻译为“使人感到-” V-ed 修饰人，翻译为“感到”,dressed,disappointing,53,This river is polluted.（过去分词作表语，表状态） 译：这条河被污染了 This river was polluted by the chemical plant. （过去分词构成被动语态，表动作） 译：这条河是被那家化工厂给污染的。,过去分词作表语和被动语态的区别：,The windows are closed .,译：窗户是关着的。,The windows were closed by Jack.,译：窗户是被杰克关起来的,过去分词作表语，表状态，相当于一个形容词；在被动语态中，过去分词表动作，常由by引出动作的发出者。,