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1、e. At one point, it seemed certain that their plane would crash. It could only get over the mountains if it rose to 10,000 feet. Byrd at once ordered his men to throw out two heavy food sacks. The plane was then able to rise and it cleared the mountains by 400 feet. Byrd now knew that he would be ab
2、le to reach the South Pole which was 300 miles away, for there were no more mountains in sight. The aircraft was able to fly over the endless white plains without difficulty. Lesson44 Through the forest 穿过森林Mrs Anne Sterling did not think of the risk she was taking when she ran through a forest afte
3、r two men. They had rushed up to her while she was having a picnic at the edge of a forest with her children and tried to steal her handbag. In the struggle, the strap broke and, with the bag in their possession, both men started running through the trees. Mrs Sterling got so angry that she ran afte
4、r them. She was soon out of breath, but she continued to run. When she caught up with them, she saw that they had sat down and were going through the contents of the bag, so she ran straight at them. The men got such a fright that they dropped the bag and ran away. The strap needs mending, said Mrs
5、Sterling later, but they did not steal anything.Lesson45 A clear conscience 问心无愧The whole village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost. Sam Benton, the local butcher, had lost his wallet while taking his savings to the post-office. Sam was sure that the wallet must have been found by
6、one of the villagers, but it was not returned to him. Three months passed, and then one morning, Sam found his wallet outside his front door. It had been wrapped up in newspaper and it contained half the money he had lost, together with a note which said: A thief, yes, but only 5o per cent a thief!
7、Two months later, some more money was sent to Sam with another note: Only 25 per cent a thief now! In time, all Sams money was paid back in this way. The last note said: I am 100 per cent honest now!lesson46 Expensive and uncomfortable 既昂贵又受罪When a plane from London arrived at Sydney airport, worker
8、s began to unload a number of wooden boxes which contained clothing. No one could account for the fact that one of the boxes was extremely heavy. It suddenly occurred to one of the workers to open up the box. He was astonished at what he found. A man was lying in the box on top of a pile of woollen
9、goods. He was so surprised at being discovered that he did not even try to run away. After he was arrested, the man admitted hiding in the box before the plane left London. He had had a long and uncomfortable trip, for he had been confined to the wooden box for over ten hours. The man was ordered to
10、 pay &345 for the cost of the trip. The normal price of a ticket is &230 !Lesson47 A thirsty ghost 嗜酒的鬼魂A public house which was recently bought by Mr Ian Thompson is up for sale. Mr Thompson is going to sell it because it is haunted. He told me that he could not go to sleep one night because he hea
11、rd a strange noise coming from the bar. The next morning, he found that the doors had been blocked by chairs and the furniture had been moved. Though Mr Thompson had turned the lights off before he went to bed, they were on in the morning. He also said that he had found five empty whisky bottles whi
12、ch the ghost must have drunk the night before. When I suggested that some villagers must have come in for a free drink, Mr Thompson shook his head. The villagers have told him that they will not accept the inn even if he gives it away. Lesson48 Did you want to tell me something? 你想对我说什么吗？Dentists al
13、ways ask questions when it is impossible for you to answer. My dentist had just pulled out one of my teeth and had told me to rest for a while. I tried to say something, but my mouth was full of cotton-wool. He knew I collected birds eggs and asked me whether my collection was growing. He then asked
14、 me how my brother was and whether I liked my new job in London. In answer to these questions I either nodded or made strange noises. Meanwhile, my tongue was busy searching out the hole where the tooth had been. I suddenly felt very worried, but could not say anything. When the dentist at last remo
15、ved the cotton-wool from my mouth, I was able to tell him that he had pulled out the wrong tooth. Lesson49 The end of a dream 美梦告终Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man in Teheran saved up for years to buy a real bed. For the first time in his life, he became the proud owner of a bed which had
16、springs and a mattress. Because the weather was very hot, he carried the bed on to the roof of his house. He slept very well for the first two nights, but on the third night, a storm blew up. A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof and sent it crashing into the courtyard below. The young man did n
17、ot wake up until the bed had struck the ground. Although the bed was smashed to pieces, the man was miraculously unhurt. When he woke up, he was still on the mattress. Glancing at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him, the man sadly picked up the mattress and carried it into his house. Afte
18、r he had put it on the floor, he promptly went to sleep again.Lesson50 Taken for a ride 乘车兜风I love travelling in the country, but I dont like losing my way. I went on an excursion recently, but my trip took me longer than I expected. Im going to Woodford Green, I said to the conductor as I got on th
19、e bus, but I dont know where it is. Ill tell you where to get off, answered the conductor. I sat in the front of the bus to get a good view of the countryside. After some time, the bus stopped. Looking round, I realized with a shock that I was the only passenger left on the bus. Youll have to get of
20、f here, the conductor said. This is as far as we go. Is this Woodford Green ? I asked. Oh dear, said the conductor suddenly. I forgot to put you off. It doesnt matter, I said. Ill get off here. We are going back now, said the conductor. Well, in that case, I prefer to stay on the bus, I answered.Les
21、son51 Reward for virtue 对美德的奖赏My friend, Herbert, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet. He began his diet a week ago. First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden. The list included most of the things Herbert loves: butte
22、r, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate, and sweets. Yesterday I paid him a visit. I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that Herbert was still as fat as ever. He led me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk. It was obvious that he was very embarrassed. When I asked h
23、im what he was doing, he smiled guiltily and then put the parcel on the desk. He explained that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally. Then he showed me the contents of the parcel. It contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets! Lesson52 A pretty carpe
24、t 漂亮的地毯We have just moved into a new house and I have been working hard all morning. I have been trying to get my new room in order. This has not been easy because I own over a thousand books. To make matters worse, the room is rather small, so I have temporarily put my books on the floor. At the mo
25、ment, they cover every inch of floor space and I actually have to walk on them to get in or out of the room. A short while ago, my sister helped me to carry one of my old bookcases up the stairs. She went into my room and got a big surprise when she saw all those books on the floor. This is the pret
26、tiest carpet I have ever seen, she said. She gazed at it for some time then added, You dont need bookcases at all. You can sit here in your spare time and read the carpet! Lesson53 Hot snake 触电的蛇At last firemen have put out a big forest fire in California. Since then, they have been trying to find o
27、ut how the fire began. Forest fire are often caused by broken glass or by cigarette ends which people carelessly throw away. Yesterday the firemen examined the ground carefully, but were not able to find any broken glass. They were also quite sure that a cigarette end did not start the fire. This mo
28、rning, however, a fireman accidentally discovered the cause. He noticed the remains of a snake which was wound round the electric wires of a 16,000-volt power line. In this way, he was able to solve the mystery. The explanation was simple but very unusual. A bird had snatched up the snake from the g
29、round and then dropped it on to the wires. The snake then wound itself round the wires. When it did so, it sent sparks down to the ground and these immediately started a fire.Lesson54 Sticky fingers 粘糊的手指After breakfast, I sent the children to school and then I went to market. It was still early whe
30、n I returned home. The children were at school, my husband was at work and the house was quiet. So I decided to make some tarts for tea. In a short time I was busy mixing butter and flour and my hands were soon covered with sticky pastry. At exactly that moment, the telephone rang. Nothing could hav
31、e been more annoying. I picked up the receiver between two sticky fingers and was dismayed when I recognized the voice of Mrs Bates. It took me ten minutes to persuade her to ring back later. At last I hung up the receiver. What a mess! There was pastry on my fingers, on the telephone, and on the do
32、or-knobs. I had no sooner got back to the kitchen than the door-bell rang loud enough to wake the dead. This time it was the postman and he wanted me to sign for a registered letter !Lesson55 Not a gold mine 并非金矿Dreams of finding lost treasure almost came true recently. A new machine called The Reve
33、aler has been invented and it has been used to detect gold which has been buried in the ground. The machine was used in a cave near the seashore where-it is said-pirates used to福建省建阳市千年桐良种基地建设(初稿)可行性研究报告建阳市林业局二00九年一月目 录1 总论51.1项目概况51.2效益分析61.3项目编制依据71.4关键术语定义与说明81.5主要技术经济指标101.6可行性研究结论112项目建设的必要性122
34、.1项目背景122.2项目建设的必要性173 项目建设条件223.1自然条件223.2社会经济243.3森林资源243.4主管单位基本情况253.5 建设单位基本情况253.6建设条件综合评价264 项目建设目标和任务274.1 项目建设指导思想274.2 项目建设原则274.3 项目建设目标284.4 项目建设任务285项目建设方案305.1项目布局305.2项目建设规模315.3苗木繁育工程325.5种子园营建与经营管理335.6无性系测定林营建技术措施385.7优良种质资源库营建技术措施415.8采穗圃营建技术措施445.9示范林营建技术措施475.10护林防火535.11病虫害防治54
35、5.12建立技术档案545.13晒场结构设计555.14道路工程设计556 消防、劳动安全与职业卫生、节能节水措施576.1 项目消防576.2 劳动安全与职业卫生576.3 节能措施596.4 节水措施596.5 节地措施607 环境保护评价617.1环境保护措施617.2环境保护监测627.3环境保护评价648 招标方案658.1 招标范围658.2 招标组织形式658.3 招标方式659 项目的组织与管理679.1项目管理机构679.2项目管理679.3技术培训6910 项目建设进度安排7010.1项目建设期：7010.2建设进度安排:7011 投资估算和资金筹措7211.1估算原则72
36、11.2编制说明7211.3项目建设投资估算7211.4资金筹措及使用情况7612 综合评价7712.1经济效益7712.2生态效益与社会效益7713 项目建设保障措施7913.1政策保障措施7913.2组织保障措施7913.3资金保障措施8013.4管理保障措施8113.5技术保障措施8214项目总评价8314.1 可行性研究结论8314.2 项目总评价84附表附表1.项目区各乡镇各类土地面积统计表附表2.项目区千年桐优良品种收集保存项目建设小班设计表。附件附件1.组织机构代码证；附件2.企业法人营业执照；附件3.造林合作协议书；附件4.种苗基地林地租赁合同书；附件5.林权证及附图。附件6.
37、配套资金承诺函附件 7. 建阳市千年桐优质品种收集保存项目可行性研究报告论证意见附图附图1.项目区千年桐优良质品种收集保存项目位置示意图；附图2.项目区千年桐优良品种收集保存项目功能区划图；附图2.项目区千年桐优良品种收集保存项目种苗基地布局图。1 总论1.1项目概况项目名称：福建省建阳市千年桐良种基地建设项目项目主管单位：福建省建阳市林业局项目承办单位：福建省建阳市国营外墩林业采育场项目总负责：方仁兴法人代表：黄长青技术负责人：陈建忠财务负责人：全祖庆项目建设目标与宗旨：以保存生物质能源树种-千年桐优良品种供应为目标，应用新技术、新成果、新材料、新工艺，按照高起点、高标准的原则，建设以千年桐
38、良种选育、苗木生产、推广示范为一体的规模化、集约化、产业化种苗繁育基地，提高建阳市及我省林木种苗繁育水平。基地建成后，将收集50个以上不同种源具有优良品质的千年桐品种，有效保存和供应我国南方优质千年桐种资资源，全面提高我省生物质能源树种苗木和造林质量，实现林业可持续发展。项目建设内容与规模：新建种子园20hm2，无性系测定林20hm2，优良种质资源库20hm2，采穗圃10hm2，示范林30hm2，共计培育面积100hm2，以及千年桐繁殖圃4 hm2，仓库2000m2、大棚4000m2,种子晒场3000 m2，生产道路16km和其他配套设施。项目布局：建阳市国营外墩林业采育场湖桥工区。项目建设期
39、限：建设期2年，即2009年至2010年。项目总投资：项目总投资400万元，其中:工程直接费用370万元，占总投资的92.5；其他费用30.0万元，占7.57。工程直接费用中，苗木繁育工程投资(含生产设备)240万元，占60；附属工程投资60万元，占15。资金来源：项目总投资为400万元，其中中央财政预算内基本建设投资320万元，占80；建设单位自筹80万元，占20。1.2效益分析1.2.1经济效益本项目主要用于千年桐优质树种种质资源收集与保存工作，不直接产生经济效益，主要为社会收集、保存优良种源，提供优良品种。但项目建成后，种子园、无性系测定林、优良种质资源库达到盛产期时，按一株千年桐成熟木
40、单株，可年产种子20kg，每公顷(300株)6吨，每年可产优良种子600吨，平均按5000元/吨计算，每年可获种子收入300万元。 1.2.2生态效益通过项目建设，增加阔叶树面积近100hm2，同时，项目建成投产后每年可供千年桐造林8万hm2，提高阔叶树的树种比重，有利于改良土壤，提高土壤肥力，提高涵养水源和保持水土地能力；优良种源，能提高单位面积产量，使在相同的用材数量情况下，减少年采伐面积，有利于生物多样性的保护；对加快森林资源培育，实施生态公益林保护等都起到积极作用；同时，能美化环境、增加森林景观效果，有利于维护区域生态环境。有利于加快我省林业生态环境建设步伐，促进生态环境良性循环。 因
41、此，项目的建设其生态效益将是良好的。1.2.3社会效益项目的建设，实现了生物能源树种资源造林良种壮苗化，有效提高了我省生物质能源树种的造林质量，加快我省生物质能源树种资源培育，增加我省生物质能源树种资源数量，优化我省森林资源结构， 预计到本项目结束以后，选育出来的生物质能源树种千年桐优良种源及优良无性系，在我省闽北地区可推广20万hm2以上，选育出的木本粮油植物千年桐优良种源及优良无性系平均每年每公顷可增收植物油10%，其所产生的经济效益是非常可观的。更为重要的是，通过本项目的研究，可带动林农栽植木本粮油树种，促进我省木本粮油树种产业的发展，对我省地方经济的发展具有重要贡献。因此，项目建设不仅
42、具有较好的经济效益，而且还具有良好的社会效益和生态效益。1.3项目编制依据1中华人民共和国种子法；2中华人民共和国植物新品种保护条例；3中华人民共和国环境保护法；4林木种苗工程管理办法；5林木种苗工程项目建设标准；6森林病虫害防治条例；7植物检疫条例；8国家林业局关于编制种苗工程建设项目的通知（林计财建便字2000第18号）；9、中共福建省委 福建省人民政府关于加快林业发展建设绿色海峡西岸的决定；10、福建省“十一五”林业发展专项规划11、闽台林业合作重点林木种子工程项目建设方案；12福建省林业科技“十一五”发展规划和中长期(2006-2020年)发展规划；13福建省林木种苗发展纲要（2003
43、2010年）；14主要造林阔叶树种良种选育程序与要求（GB/T 140731993）；15主要针叶造林树种优树选择技术（GB 10018）；16主要针叶造林树种优树子代遗传测定（GB 1001388）；17林木种子检验方法（GB 2772）；18主要针叶造林树种种子园营建技术（LY/Y 13451999）；19、林业建设项目管理文件资料汇编（国家林业局发展计划与资金管理司 2006.10）。1.4关键术语定义与说明1.4.1 生物质能源生物质能源指由植物的光合作用固定于地球上的太阳能，通过生物链转化为地球生物物质形态，经过加工为社会生活提供原料的能源。1.4.2 千年桐树种千年桐（V. mon
44、tana Lour.）（又名皱桐）是世界著名、我国特有的工业油料树种，属大戟科（Euphorbiaceae），油桐属（Vernicia Lour.）植物，千年桐是典型的南亚热带树种，我国北纬220153430，东经994012207有栽培分布。主要栽培区为福建、广东、广西。国外种植千年桐的只有阿根廷、巴拉圭和巴西。它的主要产品是取子榨油。桐油是重要的工业用油，又是优质的干性油。它的木材为纤维板、刨花板厂提供食好的木材纤维，还是很好的生产食用菌原料1.5.3 林木种质资源指林木种及种以下分类单位具有不同遗传基础的林木个体和群体的各种繁殖材料总称。1.4.4 林木种质资源库保存林木种质资源的场所。
45、1.4.5 无性系由同一植株用无性繁殖方式繁殖出来的所有植株的总称。1.4.6 家系同一植株（或无性系）的自由授粉子代，或双亲控制授粉产生的子代。1.4.7容器苗在装有育苗基质（土壤、营养土、草炭、稻壳、蛭石、珍珠岩及它们的混合物等）的育苗容器中培育而来、造林时带有由育苗基质与根系一起形成的根坨的苗木。1.4.8实生苗利用种子繁殖而来的苗木。1.4.9种子园 由人工选择的优树无性系或子代家系为材料建立的种植园。1.4.10无性系测定林 通过育苗和造林对无性系进行比较鉴定，从而对其基因型的优劣重演亲本优点特性作出正确评价，留优去劣。由于采用母株当代无性系繁殖个体作为试验材料建立的测定林，称之为当
46、代无性系测定林。1.5主要技术经济指标主要经济技术指标详见表1-1。主要经济技术指标表表1-1序号指标名称单位数量%备注1建设规模1.1千年桐良种基地建设项目hm21002建设内容2.1大棚m240002.2晒种场m230002.3灌溉设施套12.4仓库m220002.5圃地整理hm242.6种质资源库hm2202.7无性系测定林hm2202.8良种示范林hm2302.9种子园hm2202.10采穗圃hm2103.项目建设年限年22009年至2010年4.项目总投资万元4004.1营造林工程投资万元2404.2土建工程投资万元204.3设备购置费万元204.4建设工程其他费用万元604.5基本预备费万元605资金筹措5.1申请中央政府投资万元320.080.05.2地方配套资金万元80.020.06年种子产量6.1年种子产量吨600达盛产时1.6可行性研究结论项目营建技术成熟可行：目前，千年桐种子育苗技术成熟，已在生产中成功使用，具有丰富的营建技术和经验，对本项目基地建设具有成熟的种苗繁育技术。因此，项目建设所采取的营建技术可行，设计方案科学，生产工艺完备，科技含量高，具有先进性、实用性和可操作性，符合种苗生产定向培育、集约化经营和环