《英语电影赏析.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语电影赏析.ppt（96页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、Appreciating Cinema 英语电影赏析,Purposes,1. To gain a rough idea of what had happened in the long history of films and what is happening now. 2. To know more about some of the representative film-makers, actors and their masterpieces. 3. To enjoy some of the masterpieces, nice films and their wonderful m
2、usic. 4. Hopefully, try to use everything learned in the course to get a better idea of the language and the culture.,History,The history of film is simplified by its shortness . Early Cinema Classical Hollywood Cinema Post - Classical Hollywood Cinema Each of these periods is characterized by certa
3、in technological developments and patterns of industrial organization. Artistically, too, films from a given period of film history tend to display certain characteristic features.,I. Early Cinema,Technology Development of celluloid Development of cameras and projectors 2. Industry Dominance of Edis
4、on and Biograph companies 3. Aesthetics “Actuality Filming” “Cinema of Attractions”,D. W. Griffith: Father of Film,David W. Griffith: more sophisticated narrative-based methods of cinematic story-telling The Birth of a Nation 一个国家的诞生（1915） Intolerance 党同伐异（1916）,II. Classical Hollywood Cinema,Techno
5、logy Development of sound Development of Technicolor 2. Industry “Big Five” and “Little Three” Vertical integration of production, distribution and exhibition Narrative 3. Aesthetics Continuity editing Star system Genres,Big Five: Warner Brothers Loews MGM Fox Paramount RKO 雷电华 Little Three: Columbi
6、a; Universal; United Artists联美,Greta Garbo 葛丽泰嘉宝,Ingrid Bergman英格丽褒曼,Vivien Leigh费雯丽,Audrey Hepburn奥黛丽赫本,Elizabeth Taylor伊丽莎白泰勒,Humphrey Bogart亨莱福鲍嘉,Marlon Brando马龙白兰度,Clark Gable克拉克盖博,Alain Delon阿兰德隆,Laurence Olivier劳伦斯奥利弗,Gregory Peck格里高利派克,Western The Great Train Robbery火车大劫案 (1903) Stagecoach关山飞
7、渡(1939),关山飞度,约翰福特,铁骑,搜索者,原野奇侠,太阳浴血记,正午,红河,Comedy Mack Sennett 传送带生产式的制片方式 :“出主意者”提出一个原始点子，然后交由“剧本会议”设计人物和故事，成型后由“噱头部”负责添加滑稽场面和情景。 Charlie Chaplin查理卓别林 Buster Keaton勃斯特基顿 淘金记(1925)、城市之光(1931)、摩登时代(1936)、大独裁者(1940)、凡尔杜先生（1947)、舞台生涯(1952)、 一个国王在纽约(1957)等。,一夜风流,天堂里的烦恼,Musical,百老汇旋律,小凯撒,疤脸大盗,我是一个越狱犯,Crim
8、e,Horror,Hitchcock,蝴蝶梦,后窗,美人计,煤气灯下,深闺疑云,三十九级台阶,群鸟,深闺疑云,III. Post-Classical Hollywood Cinema,Technology Development of other exhibition channels and multimedia platforms 2. Industry Competition with TV Distribution windows on different media platforms 3. Aesthetics Flexible use of genre Rules of caus
9、ality and temporal logic observed less strictly Foregrounding of stylistic devices,Post-Classical Hollywood Cinema,Two major sub-periods: 1. “New Hollywood” (or “renaissance”) period 弗朗西斯科波拉 Francis Ford Coppola 马丁斯科西斯 Martin Scorsese 斯坦利库布里克Stanley Kubrick 阿瑟佩恩 Arthur Penn 乔治卢卡斯 George Lucas 史蒂文斯皮尔
10、伯格 Steven Spielberg 伍迪艾伦 Woody Allen 奥利弗斯通 William Oliver Stone,弗朗西斯科波拉（1939）,弗朗西斯科波拉“美国新浪潮”的旗手 。 痴呆症 教父 获45届奥斯卡最佳影片、最佳男主角、最佳改编剧本奖。 教父续集获47届奥斯卡最佳影片、最佳导演等6项大奖。 教父第三集 对话27届戛纳电影节金棕榈奖。 现代启示录32届戛纳电影节金棕榈奖。,马丁斯科西斯（1942）,谁在敲我的门穷街陋巷艾丽丝不再住此纽约，纽约愤怒的公牛纯真年代金钱本色纽约黑帮等。 代表作出租汽车司机获1976年戛纳电影节金棕榈奖,斯坦利库布里克（19281999）,光荣
11、之路 斯巴达克斯 奇爱博士 发条桔子 2001：太空遨游 巴利林顿 全金属铝外壳 洛丽塔 闪灵 紧闭双眼（大开眼界）,阿瑟佩恩,邦妮和克莱德（雌雄大盗） 不仅标志着阿瑟佩恩个人创作的 高峰，而且是新好莱坞崛起的标志。 本片的特殊之处： （1）首次出现反英雄的英雄形象。 （2）融入了法国新浪潮的艺术观点 和技巧：时空的自由跳接。 （3）突破了好莱坞严格的类型模式，体现了类型融合 的倾向：强盗片、喜剧片、爱情片等。,乔治卢卡斯（1945）,1977：星球大战 新希望 全球票房：7.754亿美元 1980：星球大战 帝国反击战 全球票房：5.4亿美元 1983：星球大战 绝地归来 全球票房：4.75
12、亿美元 1999：星球大战前传 魅影危机 全球票房：9.43亿美元 2002：星球大战前传 克隆人的进攻 全球票房：6.5亿美元 2005：星球大战前传 西斯的复仇 全球票房：8.5亿美元,斯皮尔伯格（1949）,大白鲨夺宝奇兵（1、2、3） 第三类接触 外星人 紫色 太阳帝国 胡克船长 侏罗纪公园 辛德勒的名单 失落的世界 拯救大兵瑞恩 慕尼黑,奥利弗斯通 “越战反思三部曲”： 野战排（获59届奥斯卡最佳影片、最佳导演 等4项大奖） 生于七月四日（获62届奥斯卡最佳导演奖） 天与地 两部总统片： 刺杀肯尼迪尼克松 天生杀人狂,野战排,生于七月四日,天与地,天生杀人狂,尼克松,刺杀肯尼迪,Po
13、st-Classical Hollywood Cinema,2.“independent filmmaking” 在好莱坞制片厂体制之外制作的电影，它制作的目的在于表达演个人的思想观念而非追求票房上的成功。 索德伯格性谎言录像带获第42届戛纳电影节金棕榈奖 ，标志着独立电影时代的来临。 卡夫卡盲点毒品网络（非法交易）永不妥协 大卫林奇心中狂野（1990）获43届戛纳电影节金棕榈奖。 昆汀塔伦蒂诺落水狗（1992年）低俗小说（1994年） 杀死比尔,Genres,Genres are the categories into which, on the basis of shared charac
14、teristics, we place artistic, musical, literary or cinematic works; subgenres are similar but more limited and more precisely defined. Its rare to find a film that belongs exclusively to one genre.,Genres,Genres,Genres,Social dramas are films whose central narrative concern or conflict is a social p
15、roblempoverty, inequality, discrimination, racism, or exclusion(排外), to name just a few possibilities. The gangster film is rooted in the specific social and cultural context of twentieth century America. The narratives are usually based on the idea of the “American Dream” and can be seen as a parti
16、cular American genre. Vietnam war was an American war, and the Vietnam war films allow us a critical perspective on the war.,Genres,Action films began to become popular in the 1970s and are particularly profitable in the contemporary global marketplace. The “blockbuster” was born on 20 June 1975 wit
17、h the release of Jaws. A product of the post-classical period, it is considered to be a very “American” genre. The concept of film noir first emerged in 1940s France. The group of films shared a common visual style and a mood for cynicism, pessimism, and darkness.,Character,Characterization and perf
18、ormance are two of the essential aspects of any cinematic work. Characters in films can be divided into three basic “functions” (or categories)：main characters，secondary characters，and minor charactersEach of these functions has a certain role to play. i. Character functions The main character is th
19、e most important character in a film, and the character of greatest interestUsually the main character is also the protagonist“, the character whose actions trigger the chain of causes and effects that drive the plot forward. Occasionally，however，the protagonist is not the main character,Character,S
20、econdary characters are those who interact with the protagonist and have significant impact on the development of the narrative. They can often be divided into three main functions the opposition character，the mirror character，and the romance character. The opposition character (also known as the “a
21、ntagonist 反面主角”) is the character who opposes the intentions of the protagonist；antagonists stand in the way of protagonists and create obstacles for them. The protagonist is not always the hero/heroine, and the antagonist is not always the villain,Character,The mirror character (also known as the “
22、 support”) is the character most clearly aligned with and supportive of, the protagonist The romance character (or love interest” ) is the character with whom the protagonist is - or becomes-romantically involved,Character,ii Christopher Vogler argues that there are seven basic character archetypes:
23、,Character,iii However, film characters are not merely static “types” or “functions”, but figures that are transformed as they progress through the narrative. Character development occurs gradually over the entire “arc” of the narrative and has been called the “transformational arc”, the key element
24、s of which are motivation and conflict.,Character,iii Motivation,Conflict,The Lion King,Motivation,Conflict,Narrative,Narrative，Story，and Plot Narrative The way in which a story is told. Story All the events that we see and hearplus all those that we infer or assume to have occurred，arranged in thei
25、r presumed causal relations，chronological order，duration，frequency，and spatial locations Plot All the events that are directly presented to usincluding their causal relations，chronological order，duration，frequency，and spatial locations,Narrative,The Basic Stories Achilles The “Achilles” story is the
26、 story of the seemingly invulnerable (不会受伤的，无懈可击的) hero with a fatal flawClassical tragedy is usually a variant of the Achilles story(Example：Superman) Candide The story of the innocent abroadthe naively optimistic hero who triumphs contrary to all expectations(Examples：Forrest Gump，The Lord of the
27、Rings, MrBean，A Beautiful Mind，Indiana Jones(印第安那琼斯) Cinderella The story of the “dream comes true”：Goodness and virtue are despised at the beginning but recognized at lastThe protagonist of the Cinderella story usually begins in a lowly position but，through his good nature，convinces all doubters(怀疑
28、者)and is rewarded(Example：Pretty Woman (漂亮女人),Narrative,The Basic Stories Circe The “chase” story in which an innocent victim is pursued by the villain，until the villain is defeated by the potential victimOften this story takes the form of the temptress (诱惑男人的女性) ensnaring (诱捕) the lovestruck (被爱情冲昏
29、了火的) male；it has often been vividly described as “the spider and the fly”It is the basis of horror films，thrillersand film noir(Examples：Fatal Attraction(致命吸引力)and the Alien films) Faust The story of an individual who sells his soul to the devil，enjoys a brief period or power and prosperity，but even
30、tually is called upon to repay the debtThe Faust story can also take the form of the dark secret that can never be completely suppressed，or the personal history that cannot be evaded(Example：Wall Street (华尔街),Narrative,The Basic Stories Orpheus The story of the gift that is taken awayThe gift could
31、be something personal，a loved one，an ability of some kind，everything valuable in life，or even life itselfThe story can focus on the tragedy of the loss itself or the search that follows the loss(Example：Born on the Fourth of July(生于七月四日) Romeo and Juliet The classic“starcrossed lovers(命运不佳的情侣)”story
32、 in which a major obstacle stands in the way of true love (Examples：Shakespeare in Love ，Titanic, Ghost(人鬼情未了) Tristan The love triangle：A man loves a woman，but one of them is already involved with someone (or something)elseThe“third party”in the relationship is usually a person，but it may be someth
33、ing more abstract (ega cause，a mission，a destiny)(Example：The Graduate(毕业生) The Wandering Jew The “Wandering Jew” is the story of the persecuted of alienated traveler who will never return home(Examples：The English Patient, Apocalypse Now (现代启示录),Narrative,The Classic ThreeAct Linear Structure The m
34、ajority of Hollywood films employ the classic threeact linear structure (or a variation of it) By no means a11 films will adhere to this structureand those that do will do so flexiblyNevertheless, most Hollywood scriptwriters are familiar with the structure and acknowledge its importance,Narrative,A
35、ct I,Narrative,Act II,Act III,Theme,Stated simply, the theme of a film is its main point, what the scriptwriter and director wants to tell us. An overview of some of the forms in which theme is expressed in Hollywood films: Broad Human Concerns: Themes commonly reflect the most basic and universal h
36、uman concerns such as love, the nature of humanity, ethical concerns and the meaning of human existence. Life Philosophies Religious and Ethical Concerns Historical Issues Nations and National Characteristics Social/Cultural/Technological Changes 7. Social Problems,Film Awards,Academy Awards Academy
37、 of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences 1. Costume Design 服装设计 2. Actor in a Supporting Role 男配角 3. Make up 化妆 4. Art Direction 艺术指导 5. Live Action Short Film 纪实短片 Animated Short Film 动画短片 6. Sound Effects Editing 音响效果剪辑 7. Sound 音响,Film Awards,8. Actress in a Supporting Role 女配角 9. Cinematography 摄影 1
38、0. Film Editing 剪辑 11. Visual Effects 视觉效果 12. Documentary Short Subject 记录短片 Documentary Feature 记录长片 13. Foreign Language Film 外语片 14. Lifetime Achievement 终身成就,Film Awards,15. Original Musical or Comedy Score 音乐（喜剧） Original Dramatic Score 音乐（戏剧） 16. Original Screenplay 原著剧本 Screenplay Adaptation
39、 剧本改编 17. Original Song 歌曲 18. Director 导演 19. Actress in a leading Role 最佳女主角 20. Actor in a leading Role 最佳男主角 21. Picture 影片,Film Festivals,International Film Festival of Cannes, France (Golden Palm) Berlin International Film Festival, Germany (Golden Bear) Venice Film Festival, Venice, Italy (Go
40、lden Lion) San Sebastian International Film Festival, Spain (Golden Shell) Tokyo International Film Festival, Japan Moscow International Film Festival , Russia Karlovy Vary International Film Festival, Czechoslovakia Cairo International Film Festival , Egypt Shanghai International Film Festival, Chi
41、na Montreal World Film Festival, Canada Mar del Plata International Film Festival , Argentina,Chapter 3 Avant-garde Film Movement in Europe,Avant-garde means “advance guard” or “vanguard“. The adjective form is used in English, to refer to people or works that are experimental or innovative, particu
42、larly with respect to art, culture, and politics. Avant-garde represents a pushing of the boundaries of what is accepted as the norm or the status quo, primarily in the cultural field. Many artists have aligned themselves with the avant-garde and still continue to do so.,1. Background (1) As one for
43、m of mass media, films became something cannot be ignored. Meanwhile, Hollywood had been a great threat to the film market of Europe which made it almost stop developing. (2) The crisis caused by the world war I regarding to western social traditionsand spiritual civilization in a sense accelerated
44、the development of modernismin literature.,I. Impressionism Narration in France and Different Genres in the Trends of Surrealism II. Aesthetic pursuit in Expressionism and Realism in Germany III. Theory and Practice of Montage School in Soviet IV. The Development of Documentary in 20S,I. Impressioni
45、sm Narration in France and Different Genres in the Trends of Surrealism,Impressionism印象主义 was a 19th-century art movement that began as a loose association of Paris-based artists exhibiting their art publicly in the 1860s. The name of the movement is derived from the title of a Claude Monets 克劳德莫奈wo
46、rk, Impression, Sunrise 日出 印象, which provoked one critic to coin the term in a satiric review. The emergence of Impressionism in the visual arts was soon followed by similar movements in other media which became known as Impressionist music and Impressionist literature. French Impressionist Cinema i
47、s a term applied to a loosely defined group of films and filmmakers in France from 1919-1929, although these years are debatable. Avant-garde film/experimental film 先锋派电影,Surrealism 超现实主义is a cultural movement that began in the early-1920s, and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of t
48、he group members. Surrealist works feature the element of surprise, unexpected juxtapositions 并列 and non sequitur不根据前提的推理;似乎无法合理答复的陈述 ; however many Surrealist artists and writers regard their work as an expression of the philosophical movement first and foremost, with the works being an artifact. Surrealism developed out of the Dada 达达主义activities of World War I and the most important center of the movement was Paris. From the 1920s on, the movement spread around the globe, event