《ANSI N42.47-2010 American National Standard for Measuring the Imaging Performance of X-ray and Gamma-ray Systems for Security Screening of Humans.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《ANSI N42.47-2010 American National Standard for Measuring the Imaging Performance of X-ray and Gamma-ray Systems for Security Screening of Humans.pdf（59页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、? ? ? ? ?!? “?!?!?!? ?#? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 3 Augus t ? ? ? Authorized licensed use limited to: Tsinghua University Library. Downloaded on December 25,2010 at 10:35:52 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. Authorized licensed use limited to: Tsinghua University Library. Downloaded o
2、n December 25,2010 at 10:35:52 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. ANSI N42.47-2010 American National Standard for Measuring the Imaging Performance of X-ray and Gamma-ray Systems for Security Screening of Humans Spons or National Committee on Radiation Instrumentation, N42 Accredit ed by t he
3、 American National Standards Institute Secret ariat Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Approved 27 July 2010 American National Standards Institute Authorized licensed use limited to: Tsinghua University Library. Downloaded on December 25,2010 at 10:35:52 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Re
4、strictions apply. Abstract: This s t andard applies t o s ecurit y s creening s ys t ems t hat ut ilize x-ray or gamma radiat ion and are us ed t o ins pect people who are not ins ide vehicles , cont ainers , or enclos ures . Specifically, t his s t andard applies t o s ys t ems us ed t o det ect ob
5、ject s carried on or wit hin t he body of t he individual being expos ed. The purpos e of t his s t andard is t o provide s t andard met hods of meas uring and report ing imaging qualit y charact eris t ics and es t ablis h minimum accept able performance requirement s . Keywords: body s canner, gam
6、ma-ray, imaging performance, mat erials det ect ion, minimum requirement s , penet rat ion, pers onnel s canner, s ecurit y s creening, s pat ial res olut ion, wire det ect ion, x-ray ? ? The Ins t it u t e of Elect rical and Elect ronics Engineers , Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA
7、Copyright 2010 by t he Ins t it u t e of Elect rical and Elect ronics Engineers , Inc. All right s res erved. Publis hed 3 Augus t 2010. Print ed in t he Unit ed St at es of America. IEEE is a regis t ered t rademark in t he U.S. Pat ent +1-978-750-8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any indiv
8、idual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. Authorized licensed use limited to: Tsinghua University Library. Downloaded on December 25,2010 at 10:35:52 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. Introduction This introduction is not part o
9、f ANSI N42.47, American National Standard for Measuring the Imaging Performance of X-ray and Gamma-ray Systems for Security Screening of Humans This standard is the responsibility of the Accredited American Standards Committee on Radiation Instrumentation, N42. The standard was approved by N42 lette
10、r ballot. Notice to users Laws and regulations Users of these documents should consult all applicable laws and regulations. Compliance with the provisions of this standard does not imply compliance to any applicable regulatory requirements. Implementers of the standard are responsible for observing
11、or referring to the applicable regulatory requirements. IEEE does not, by the publication of its standards, intend to urge action that is not in compliance with applicable laws, and these documents may not be construed as doing so. Copyrights This document is copyrighted by the IEEE. It is made avai
12、lable for a wide variety of both public and private uses. These include both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private self- regulation, standardization, and the promotion of engineering practices and methods. By making this document available for use and adoption by public auth
13、orities and private users, the IEEE does not waive any rights in copyright to this document. Updating of IEEE documents Users of IEEE standards should be aware that these documents may be superseded at any time by the issuance of new editions or may be amended from time to time through the issuance
14、of amendments, corrigenda, or errata. An official IEEE document at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document together with any amendments, corrigenda, or errata then in effect. In order to determine whether a given document is the current edition and whether it has been amend
15、ed through the issuance of amendments, corrigenda, or errata, visit the IEEE Standards Association Web site at http:/ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/standards.jsp, or contact the IEEE at the address listed previously. For more information about the IEEE Standards Association or the IEEE standards developmen
16、t process, visit the IEEE-SA Web site at http:/standards.ieee.org. Errata Errata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically. v Copyrigh
17、t 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. Authorized licensed use limited to: Tsinghua University Library. Downloaded on December 25,2010 at 10:35:52 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. Interpretations Current interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/
18、interp/ index.html. Patents Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection there
19、with. The IEEE is not responsible for identifying Essential Patent Claims for which a license may be required, for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of Patents Claims or determining whether any licensing terms or conditions provided in connection with submission of a Letter of As
20、surance, if any, or in any licensing agreements are reasonable or non-discriminatory. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Further information may be ob
21、tained from the IEEE Standards Association. vi Copyright 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. Authorized licensed use limited to: Tsinghua University Library. Downloaded on December 25,2010 at 10:35:52 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. Participants At the time it approved this standard, the Accre
22、dited Standards Committee on Radiation Instrumentation, N42, had the following membership: Michael P. Unterweger, Chair Louis Costrell, Deputy Chair William Ash, Administrative Secretary Organization Represented.Name of Representative Bartlett Services . Morgan Cox Canberra.Bob Huckins Chew, M.H.Jac
23、k M. Selby Commerce Dept, U.S. NISTMichael P. Unterweger .Louis Costrell* (Alt.) Consultant.Frank X. Masse Department of Homeland Security.Peter Shebell Entergy-ANO.Ron Schwartz Health Physics SocietySandy Perle Harvard University.Joseph Ring IEEE.Louis Costrell* . Anthony Spurgin (Alt.) Michael P.
24、Unterweger (Alt.) International Medcom.Don Sythe Lawrence Berkeley National Lab.Edward J. Lampo Computer Dependability Associates, LLCGary Johnson NASA, GSFCR. Sachidananda Babu Nuclear Standards UnlimitedAl N. Tschaeche Oak Ridge National Laboratory.Peter J. Chiaro, Jr. .Charles Britton (Alt.) Orte
25、c-Ametek CorpRonald M. Keyser Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.Richard Kouzes Swinth AssociatesKenneth L. Swinth U.S. ArmyEdward Groeber U.S. Nuclear Regulatory CommissionCynthia G. Jones Members-At-Large.Joseph C. McDonald Paul L. Phelps .Joseph Stencel Lee J. Wagner * Deceased vii Copyright 2
26、010 IEEE. All rights reserved. Authorized licensed use limited to: Tsinghua University Library. Downloaded on December 25,2010 at 10:35:52 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. At the time this standard was completed, Subcommittee N42.HSI had the following membership: Michael P. Unterweger, Co-C
27、hair Morgan Cox, Co-Chair Peter J. Chiaro, Jr. David Gilliam Mark D. Hoover Cynthia G. Jones Ronald Keyser Richard Kouzes Joseph C. McDonald Leticia Pibida Peter Shebell David Trombino At the time this standard was completed, the ANSI N42.47 Working Group had the following members: Frank Cerra, Chai
28、r Steve Smith, Vice Chair Martin Annis Paul Bergstrom Randy Broadright Michael Cluff John Ely Tony Frudakis Gordon Gillerman David Hamel Gerard Hanley Larry Hudson Roy Lindquist Bill Maguire Barry Masters David Montion Nick Paulter Jeff Schubert Richard Schueller Stephen Seltzer Jerel Smith John San
29、tos Scott Trosper Amit Verma Douglas Wicks Michael Wilson The Working Group acknowledges the contributions of Binmei Yang who provided the technical drawings, and the following individuals who contributed to the discussions: Bonnie Kudrick, Dan Kassiday, Dean Devlin, Doreen Hill, Ed Ocker, James Bar
30、nes, Jill Segraves, John Wojtowicz, Justin Smith, Kurt Fischer, Lee Spanier, Luke McCormick, Mario Saucier, Mershad Abdu, Michael Dow, Robert Jennings, Surender Ahir, Wade Sapp, and Whit Weller. viii Copyright 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. Authorized licensed use limited to: Tsinghua University Li
31、brary. Downloaded on December 25,2010 at 10:35:52 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. Contents 1. Overview 1 1.1 Scope. 2 1.2 Purpose 2 2. Normative references 2 3. Definitions and special terms . 3 3.1 Definitions. 3 3.2 Special terms 5 4. General considerations . 5 4.1 Special word usage 5 4
32、.2 Environmental factors 5 4.3 Radiological safety 6 4.4 Electrical and mechanical safety 6 4.5 Electromagnetic compatibility. 6 5. Imaging performance evaluation procedures 8 5.1 Documentation. 8 5.2 Image quality measurement objectives and scope. 9 5.3 Location of testing. 10 5.4 Body phantom and
33、test objects 10 5.5 Spatial resolution test. 11 5.6 Wire detection test. 12 5.7 Materials detection on body test 13 5.8 Materials detection in air test. 14 5.9 Penetration test 15 6. Minimum acceptable imaging performance. 16 Annex A (normative) Mechanical drawings of the test objects 17 Annex B (in
34、formative) Imaging test report 40 Annex C (informative) Image resolution measurement using the pentalith. 43 C.1 Introduction. 43 C.2 Strategy. 43 C.3 Pentalith construction 43 C.4 Pass/fail criterion 45 C.5 Repeatability. 47 ix Copyright 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. Authorized licensed use limit
35、ed to: Tsinghua University Library. Downloaded on December 25,2010 at 10:35:52 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. Authorized licensed use limited to: Tsinghua University Library. Downloaded on December 25,2010 at 10:35:52 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. American National Standard fo
36、r Measuring the Imaging Performance of X-ray and Gamma-ray Systems for Security Screening of Humans IMPORTANT NOTICE: This standard is not intended to ensure safety, security, health, or environmental protection. Implementers of the standard are responsible for determining appropriate safety, securi
37、ty, environmental, and health practices or regulatory requirements. This IEEE document is made available for use subject to important notices and legal disclaimers. These notices and disclaimers appear in all publications containing this document and may be found under the heading “Important Notice”
38、 or “Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Documents.” They can also be obtained on request from IEEE or viewed at http:/standards.ieee.org/IPR/ disclaimers.html. 1. Overview This document establishes standard test methods and test devices for measuring the imaging performance of x-ray a
39、nd gamma-ray systems for security screening of humans. Minimum acceptable performance requirements are also provided. The procedures and minimum acceptable requirements in this standard should not be construed as an all-inclusive measure of performance for any situation. Depending on the circumstanc
40、es and detection needs, user institutions will continue to generate their own requirements and are encouraged to do so. Rather, it is hoped that this standard will provide a starting point for evaluating systems, provoke a uniform set of readily available information to compare equipment, and offer
41、a standard procedure for periodic quality control testing. Additionally, this standard provides a number of safety requirements, derived from a variety of standards documents and federal regulations that are essential to the responsible operation of the systems covered. These include: electromagneti
42、c compatibility, and radiological, electrical, and mechanical safety. Three annexes are included. Annex A (normative) provides mechanical drawings of the imaging test objects. Sample test report forms are given in Annex B (informative). Annex C (informative) provides a generic description of the pen
43、taliththe spatial resolution test object developed for this standard. 1 Copyright 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. Authorized licensed use limited to: Tsinghua University Library. Downloaded on December 25,2010 at 10:35:52 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. ANSI N42.47-2010 American National S
44、tandard for Measuring the Imaging Performance of X-ray and Gamma-ray Systems for Security Screening of Humans 1.1 Scope This standard applies to security screening systems that utilize x-ray or gamma radiation and are used to inspect people who are not inside vehicles, containers, or enclosures. Spe
45、cifically, this standard applies to systems used to detect objects carried on or within the body of the individual being exposed. The following types of systems are included in the scope of this standard: Systems designated as fixed, portal, re-locatable, transportable, mobile, or gantry. Systems em
46、ploying detection of primary radiation (transmission systems), or scatter radiation (backscatter systems), or a combination of both. Systems that are primarily imaging but that also may have complementary features such as material discrimination, or automatic active or passive threat alerts. This st
47、andard will not address how to test these complementary features. 1.2 Purpose The purpose of this standard is to provide standard methods of measuring and reporting imaging quality characteristics and to establish minimum acceptable performance requirements for the systems described in 1.1. 2. Norma
48、tive references The following normative documents contain provisions that, through reference in Clause 4 of this standard, constitute requirements of this standard. For dated references or those with specified editions, subsequent amendments or revisions do not apply. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Users of this standard should note that standards referenced herein may not fulfill the legal requirements and practices in all states, countries, or jurisdictions. Care should be taken to ensure regulato