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1、 AS 1666.12009 Australian Standard Wire-rope slings Part 1: Product specification AS 1666.12009 This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee ME-025, Lifting Tackle. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 10 November 2008. This Standard was published on 2 April 2009.
2、 The following are represented on Committee ME-025: Australian Business Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry Australian Forging Group Australian Industry Group Australian Maritime Safety Authority Crane Industry Council of Australia Department of Defence (Australia) Engineers Australia Instit
3、ute of Quarrying Australia National Association of Testing Authorities Australia Victorian WorkCover Authority WorkCover New South Wales This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 08123. Standards Australia wishes to acknowledge the participation of the expert individuals that contribu
4、ted to the development of this Standard through their representation on the Committee and through the public comment period. Keeping Standards up-to-date Keeping Standards up-to-date Australian Standards are living documents that reflect progress in science, technology and systems. To maintain their
5、 currency, all Standards are periodically reviewed, and new editions are published. Between editions, amendments may be issued. Standards may also be withdrawn. It is important that readers assure themselves they are using a current Standard, which should include any amendments that may have been pu
6、blished since the Standard was published. Detailed information about Australian Standards, drafts, amendments and new projects can be found by visiting www.standards.org.auwww.standards.org.au Standards Australia welcomes suggestions for improvements, and encourages readers to notify us immediately
7、of any apparent inaccuracies or ambiguities. Contact us via email at mailstandards.org.aumailstandards.org.au, or write to Standards Australia, GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001. The Standard is downloaded from Standard Sharing AS 1666.12009 Australian Standard Wire-rope slings Part 1: Product specific
8、ation Originated as part of AS B2861970. Revised and redesignated AS 16661976. Revised and redesignated in part as AS 1666.11996. Second edition 2009. COPYRIGHT Standards Australia All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means, electronic or me
9、chanical, including photocopying, without the written permission of the publisher. Published by Standards Australia GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia ISBN 0 7337 9065 8 AS 1666.12009 2 PREFACE This Standard was prepared by the Standards Australia Committee ME-025 Lifting Tackle, to supersede
10、AS 1666.11995. The other Standard in this series covering wire-rope slings is AS 1666.2, Wire-rope slings, Part 2: Care and use. The objective of this Standard is to provide a specification for wire rope slings that ensures safety and fitness for purpose. It is for reference by manufacturers, import
11、ers, users and regulators. This edition takes cognizance of EN 13414-1:2003, Steel wire rope slingsSafety, Part 1: Slings for general lifting service, and includes the following changes: (a) Revision of definition of working load limit (WLL). (b) Deletion of safe working load (SWL) from any part of
12、the Standard. The terms normative and informative have been used in this Standard to define the application of the appendix to which they apply. A normative appendix is an integral part of a Standard, whereas an informative appendix is only for information and guidance. Statements expressed in manda
13、tory terms in notes to tables and figures are deemed to be requirements of this Standard. The Standard is downloaded from Standard Sharing 3 AS 1666.12009 CONTENTS Page 1 SCOPE4 2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES.4 3 DEFINITIONS5 4 MATERIALS 10 5 DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE 11 6 WORKING LOAD LIMIT (WLL) 15 7 MECHAN
14、ICAL PROPERTIES 15 8 MARKING . 16 9 TYPE TESTING OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 17 10 PROOF TEST. 17 APPENDICES A INFORMATION THAT SHOULD BE SUPPLIED WITH ENQUIRIES AND ORDERS 19 B TYPES OF SLING 20 C CONDITIONS FOR APPLICATION OF TEST FORCES 27 D MEANS OF DEMONSTRATING COMPLIANCE WITH THIS STANDARD 28 E
15、BIBLIOGRAPHY 31 AS 1666.12009 4 Standards Australia www.standards.org.au STANDARDS AUSTRALIA Australian Standard Wire-rope slings Part 1: Product specification 1 SCOPE This Standard specifies requirements for wire-rope slings, including grommets and wire- rope sling assemblies, for general condition
16、s of use. Wire-rope slings consist of steel-wire rope and often include terminations such as ferrule-secured eyes, hand-spliced eyes, poured sockets or swage fittings. NOTES: 1 Ferrules are defined in Clause 3.10 and are subject to the requirements in Clauses 4.3.1 and 5.7.2. 2 Hand-spliced eyes are
17、 defined in Clause 3.14 and are subject to the requirements in Clause 5.7.4. 3 Poured sockets are defined in Clause 3.20 and are subject to the requirements in Clauses 4.3.2 and 5.7.5. 4 Swage fittings are defined in Clause 3.32 and are subject to the requirements in Clauses 4.3.3 and 5.7.6. 5 Guida
18、nce on information that should be supplied with enquiries and orders is given in Appendix A. 2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES The following documents are indispensable to the application of this Standard: NOTE: Documents referenced for informative purposes are listed in the Bibliography. AS 1138 Thimbles for
19、wire rope 1171 Methods for magnetic particle testing of ferromagnetic products and components 1666 Wire-rope slings 1666.2 Part 2: Care and use 2074 Steel castings 2193 Calibration and classification of force-measuring systems 2574 Non-destructive testingUltrasonic testing of steel castings and clas
20、sification of quality 2759 Steel wire ropeUse, operation and maintenance 3507 Non-destsructive testing 3507.1 Part 1: Guide to radiography for ferrous castings 3569 Steel wire ropes 3679 Structural steel 3679.1 Part 1: Hot-rolled bars and sections 3776 Lifting components for Grade T chain slings The
21、 Standard is downloaded from Standard Sharing 5 AS 1666.12009 www.standards.org.au Standards Australia EN 13411 Terminations For Steel Wire RopesSafety 13411.3 Part 3: Ferrules And Ferrule-securing ISO 3189 Sockets for wire ropes for general purposes 3189-1 Part 1: General characteristics and condi
22、tions of acceptance 3189-2 Part 2: Special requirements for sockets produced by forging or machined from the solid 3189-3 Part 3: Special requirements for sockets produced by casting 8793 Steel wire ropesFerrule-secured eye terminations BS 463 Specification for sockets for wire ropes 463-1 Part 1: I
23、nch units 463-2 Part 2: Metric units USA Spec* RR-S-550D Sockets, wire-rope 3 DEFINITIONS For the purpose of this Standard, the definitions below apply: 3.1 Bowl of socket A conical portion of a poured socket, into which a brushed-out end of a rope is inserted and then secured by use of resin or mol
24、ten metal. 3.2 Closed poured socket A poured socket with an integral bail or eye (see Figure 1). FIGURE 1 CLOSED POURED SOCKET * U.S.A. Federal specification AS 1666.12009 6 Standards Australia www.standards.org.au 3.3 Closed swage fitting A swage fitting with a hole through which a pin connection c
25、an be made to a load or anchorage (see Figure 2). FIGURE 2 CLOSED SWAGE FITTING 3.4 Competent person Designated person, suitably trained, qualified by knowledge and practical experience, and with the necessary instruction to enable the required test and examination to be carried out. 3.5 Component A
26、n attachment to a termination of a wire rope sling (e.g. link, hook, shackle or similar) (see Figure B1 (d), Appendix D). 3.6 Construction (of wire rope) The design of a wire rope, including the number and arrangement of wires in the strands, the number of strands and the type of core. 3.7 Double-pa
27、rt sling leg A sling that is manufactured as an endless sling (see Figure B1 (b), Appendix B). 3.8 Effective length of a sling The nominal length between the bearing points of its terminal components or soft eyes in a relaxed state. NOTE: Effective lengths of various types of sling and sling assembl
28、ies are illustrated in Appendix B. 3.9 Endless sling A grommet or a wire rope with ends that are ferrule-secured to one another to form a single continuous loop. 3.10 Eye A loop formed at the end of a rope that is retained by a ferrule, hand splicing or another means. 3.11 Ferrule A seamless metalli
29、c sleeve (for ferrule-secured eye, see Clause 3.12). 3.12 Ferrule-secured eye (mechanically spliced eye) An eye that is retained by a pressed ferrule (types include flemish eye (see Clause 3.13), and turn-back eye (see Clause 3.37). The Standard is downloaded from Standard Sharing 7 AS 1666.12009 w
30、ww.standards.org.au Standards Australia 3.13 Flemish eye An eye in which the rope end is split into two parts, one with half the strands and one with the other half of the strands plus the core, both halves of which are laid together again in opposite directions to form an eye that is symmetrical to
31、 the rope axis. The tails of the strands are distributed equally around the main body of the rope (see Figure 3) and secured with a swaged or pressed ferrule (sleeve). FIGURE 3 FLEMISH EYES 3.14 Grommet An endless sling that is fabricated from one single length of wire rope or strand (see Figures B1
32、 (b) (iii), B1 (b) (iv) and B1 (g), and for endless sling see Clause 3.9). 3.15 Hand-spliced eye An eye that is formed by tucking the strands back within the rope. 3.16 Hard eye A thimble eye (see Clause 3.35). 3.17 Nominal size of a sling The nominal diameter of the wire rope from which the sling i
33、s made. 3.18 Open poured socket Poured socket with two integral lugs through which a pin is inserted for connection to the load or anchorage (see Figure 4). FIGURE 4 OPEN POURED SOCKET AS 1666.12009 8 Standards Australia www.standards.org.au 3.19 Open swage fitting A swage fitting with a clevis thro
34、ugh which a pin is inserted for connection to the load or anchorage (see Figure 5). FIGURE 5 OPEN SWAGE FITTING 3.20 Plaited rope A rope formed of interwoven strands or wire ropes. 3.21 Poured socket Forged, profiled or cast steel fitting that is designed to be attached to the end of a wire rope by
35、means of resin or molten metal. NOTE: For bowl of socket, see Clause 3.1. 3.22 Seize 1 To bind the parts of an endless sling together to form an eye, secure a thimble or ensure that the parts remain together. 2 To bind wire rope by close laid wrappings to prevent unlaying. 3.23 Seizing wire Annealed
36、 soft steel wire strand or wire that is used to seize or serve a rope. 3.24 Serve To cover a wire rope, a splice or a rope and thimble with a neat and tight wrapping of wire, fibre rope, fibre-reinforced tape or seizing strand, to protect personnel from injury and the wire rope from damage or secure
37、 the parts of an endless sling. 3.25 Shall Indicates that a statement is mandatory. 3.26 Should Indicates a recommendation. The Standard is downloaded from Standard Sharing 9 AS 1666.12009 www.standards.org.au Standards Australia 3.27 Sling A wire rope, assembled with or without components or fitti
38、ngs (e.g., ferrules, thimbles, links, hooks or eye) at each end, for lifting purposes. See Appendix B for description and illustration of types of slings. 3.28 Sling assembly An assembly of one or more wire-rope sling legs, including any components that are appropriate to the intended use. 3.29 Slin
39、g leg The wire-rope part of a sling assembly having a termination at each end. 3.30 Soft eye An eye formed without a thimble. 3.31 Strand A number of wires in one or more layers laid helically around a central wire or fibre core. 3.32 Strength The breaking force of a sling. 3.33 Stud-end swage fitti
40、ng A swage fitting with a threaded shank that is used to connect with another fitting or anchorage (see Figure 6). FIGURE 6 STUD-END SWAGE FITTING 3.34 Swage fitting A fitting into which the end of a wire rope can be inserted and then permanently attached by cold pressing (i.e., swaging) the shank o
41、nto the wire rope. 3.35 Thimble eye An eye formed around a thimble (see Figure B1, Appendix B). 3.36 Tuck A single strand, where it is passed under one or more strands in a wire rope. 3.37 Turn-back eye A ferrule-secured eye in which the rope as a whole is bent to form an eye (see Figure 7). AS 1666
42、.12009 10 Standards Australia www.standards.org.au FIGURE 7 TURN-BACK EYES 3.38 Working load limit (WLL) The maximum load that may be applied to the sling, in tension under general conditions of use. The working load limit may be changed for the particular application (see AS 1666.2). 4 MATERIALS 4.
43、1 Components Wire rope shall comply with Clause 4.2. End fittings shall comply with Clause 4.3. Other components shall comply with any relevant Australian Standard or, if there is no relevant Australian Standard, with the intent of this Standard. 4.2 Wire rope Wire rope for the manufacture of slings
44、 shall be unused steel-wire rope in an as-new condition, complying with AS 3569 or of another construction, tensile grade or size for which the sling manufacturer has demonstrated the ability to comply with the performance requirements of this Standard. This Standard does not preclude the use of sta
45、inless steel wire rope, providing it meets the intent of this Standard. The selection of wire rope for a sling involves a number of considerations, including the manner in which the sling is to be used, such as the following: (a) Where the sling is to be reeved, a flexible construction will be advan
46、tageous. (b) Where the sling is subjected to abrasion, a suitable construction should be used. (c) Where the sling is subjected to high temperatures, the sling manufacturer should be advised of the magnitude of such temperatures and the expected duration at these temperatures. A suitable constructio
47、n and appropriate deration shall then be established. Wire rope with a wire (rope or strand) core should be chosen for such applications. The Standard is downloaded from Standard Sharing 11 AS 1666.12009 www.standards.org.au Standards Australia 4.3 End fittings 4.3.1 Ferrules Ferrules shall be manu
48、factured in accordance with an established Standard and shall be produced by a process that gives a seamless hollow product. The following specific requirements also apply: (a) Ferrules of aluminium and steel shall comply with EN 13411-3. (b) Ferrules of copper shall comply with ISO 8793. (c) Ferrul
49、es of steel for flemish eyes or turn-back eyes shall (i) be of non-alloy carbon steel, fully killed and non-ageing; and (ii) have sufficient ductility so that they are capable of being swaged without visible cracks. 4.3.2 Poured sockets Poured sockets shall (a) comply with BS 463-1, BS 463-2, USA Spec RR-S-550D or ISO 3189 (all parts as applicable); or (b) be manufactured from