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1、 AS 39962006 Australian Standard Access covers and grates AS 39962006 Downloaded by Peter Egan on 13 Mar 2006. For internal use within SAI Group only. See conditions of use for details. This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee CE-029, Access Covers and Grates. It was approved on behalf of
2、the Council of Standards Australia on 23 November 2005. This Standard was published on 2 March 2006. The following are represented on Committee CE-029: AUSTROADS Association of Consulting Engineers Australia Association of Hydraulic Services Consultants Australia Australian Chamber of Commerce and I
3、ndustry Australian Foundry Institute Australian Industry Group Engineers Australia Institute of Public Works Engineering Australia National Precast Concrete Association Australia Plastics and Chemicals Industry Association University of Tasmania Water Services Association of Australia Keeping Standa
4、rds up-to-date Standards are living documents which reflect progress in science, technology and systems. To maintain their currency, all Standards are periodically reviewed, and new editions are published. Between editions, amendments may be issued. Standards may also be withdrawn. It is important t
5、hat readers assure themselves they are using a current Standard, which should include any amendments which may have been published since the Standard was purchased. Detailed information about Standards can be found by visiting the Standards Web Shop at .au and looking up the relevant Standard in the
6、 on-line catalogue. Alternatively, the printed Catalogue provides information current at 1 January each year, and the monthly magazine, The Global Standard, has a full listing of revisions and amendments published each month. Australian StandardsTM and other products and services developed by Standa
7、rds Australia are published and distributed under contract by SAI Global, which operates the Standards Web Shop. We also welcome suggestions for improvement in our Standards, and especially encourage readers to notify us immediately of any apparent inaccuracies or ambiguities. Contact us via email a
8、t mailstandards.org.au, or write to the Chief Executive, Standards Australia, GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001. This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 04171. Downloaded by Peter Egan on 13 Mar 2006. For internal use within SAI Group only. See conditions of use for details. The Standar
9、d is downloaded from Standard Sharing AS 39962006 Australian Standard Access covers and grates Originated as AS 39961992. Second edition 2006. COPYRIGHT Standards Australia All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanica
10、l, including photocopying, without the written permission of the publisher. Published by Standards Australia, GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia ISBN 0 7337 7291 9 Downloaded by Peter Egan on 13 Mar 2006. For internal use within SAI Group only. See conditions of use for details. AS 39962006 2
11、PREFACE This Standard was prepared by the Standards Australia Committee CE029, Access Covers and Grates, to supersede AS 39961992, Metal access covers, road grates and frames. The objective of this Standard is to provide designers, manufacturers and purchasers of access covers and grates with a spec
12、ification for design, supply and testing. The terms normative and informative have been used in this Standard to define the application of the appendix to which they apply. A normative appendix is an integral part of a Standard, whereas an informative appendix is only for information and guidance. N
13、otes to Tables and Figures expressed in mandatory terms are deemed to be requirements of this Standard. Notes to text are for information and guidance only. Downloaded by Peter Egan on 13 Mar 2006. For internal use within SAI Group only. See conditions of use for details. The Standard is downloaded
14、from Standard Sharing 3 AS 39962006 CONTENTS Page SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL 1.1 SCOPE 4 1.2 APPLICATION.4 1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 4 1.4 DEFINITIONS 5 1.5 CLASSIFICATION TERMINOLOGY7 1.6 PERMANENT MARKING .7 SECTION 2 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS 2.1 GENERAL 9 2.2 CAST IRON9 2.3 FABRICATED STEEL9 2.4 AL
15、UMINIUM .9 2.5 CONCRETE9 2.6 BOLTS9 2.7 PROTECTIVE COATINGS9 2.8 ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS 10 SECTION 3 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 3.1 LOAD CLASSIFICATION . 11 3.2 DESIGN FEATURES 11 3.3 DIMENSIONS. 13 SECTION 4 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS 4.1 GENERAL 16 4.2 TESTING 16 APPENDICES A MEANS FOR DEMONSTRATING COMPLIA
16、NCE WITH THIS STANDARD. 19 B PURCHASING GUIDELINES 22 C LOAD TESTS FOR COVERS AND GRATES. 24 D BICYCLE TYRE PENETRATION RESISTANCE TEST FOR COVERS AND GRATES . 28 E METHOD OF TESTING COVERS FOR WATERTIGHTNESS 32 F METHOD OF TESTING COVERS FOR GAS-TIGHTNESS. 34 G ON-SITE CONCRETE INFILL OF COVERS 36
17、Downloaded by Peter Egan on 13 Mar 2006. For internal use within SAI Group only. See conditions of use for details. AS 39962006 4 Standards Australia .au STANDARDS AUSTRALIA Australian Standard Access covers and grates S E C T I O N 1 S C O P E A N D G E N E R A L 1.1 SCOPE This Standard specifies r
18、equirements for access covers and grates for use in vehicular and pedestrian areas. It applies to access covers and grates having clear openings up to 1300 mm, particularly to components manufactured from grey and ductile irons, cast and manufactured steels, aluminium and concrete. However, the use
19、of other materials is not precluded. NOTES: 1 Use of other materials is covered in Clause 2.8. 2 The hydraulic design of access covers and grates is not within the scope of this Standard. 1.2 APPLICATION Means for demonstrating compliance with this Standard shall be as specified in Appendix A. 1.3 R
20、EFERENCED DOCUMENTS The following documents are referred to in this standard. AS 1199 Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes 1199.1 Sampling schemes indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection 1379 Specification and supply of concrete 1428 Design for access and mobi
21、lity 1428.2 Enhanced and additional requirementsBuildings and facilities 1554 Structural steel welding 1554.1 Part 1: Welding of steel structures 1830 Grey cast iron 1831 Ductile cast iron 1874 Aluminium and aluminium alloysIngots and castings 3600 Concrete structures 3678 Structural steelHot-rolled
22、 plates, floorplates and slabs 3679 Structural steel 3679.1 Part 1: Hot-rolled bars and sections 5100 Bridge design 5100.2 Part 2: Design loads Downloaded by Peter Egan on 13 Mar 2006. For internal use within SAI Group only. See conditions of use for details. The Standard is downloaded from Standar
23、d Sharing 5 AS 39962006 .au Standards Australia AS/NZS 2865 Safe working in a confined space 4680 Hot-dip galvanized (zinc) coatings on fabricated ferrous articles SA HB18 Guidelines for third-party certification and accreditation HB18.28 Guide 28: General rules for a model third-party certification
24、 system for products BS 3416 Specification for bitumen-based coatings for cold application, suitable for use in contact with potable water 4147 Specification for bitumen-based hot-applied coating materials for protecting iron and steel, including suitable primers where required 1.4 DEFINITIONS For t
25、he purpose of this standard, the definitions below apply. 1.4.1 Access chamber (also known as maintenance hole) A chamber that a person can enter to inspect, test or clear and remove obstructions. 1.4.2 Access cover A removable cover for an access chamber or inspection chamber. 1.4.3 Batch A populat
26、ion of product, of known history, that enables verification that the product was made from known materials at essentially the same time by essentially the same processes and under essentially the same system of control. 1.4.4 Circular opening (CO) The diameter of the largest circle that can be inscr
27、ibed in the unobstructed opening in the frame with any removable supporting beams retained in place (see Figure 1.1). CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO Circular Opening with support beamsTriangularElliptical SquareRectangular FIGURE 1.1 CIRCULAR OPENING (CO) Downloaded by Peter Egan on 13 Mar 2006. For intern
28、al use within SAI Group only. See conditions of use for details. AS 39962006 6 Standards Australia .au 1.4.5 Clear opening The dimensions of the unobstructed opening for access, in service, without removable supporting beams in place. 1.4.6 Depth of insertion The depth from the top of the frame to t
29、he horizontal seating. 1.4.7 Grate A grid of metal or other suitable material placed over an opening, to allow the entry of water while providing protection and support for pedestrians or vehicles passing over it. 1.4.8 Hinge A device with a hinse pin, which attaches a cover or grate to the frame, t
30、o prevent easy removal and permit the cover or grate to rotate about the pin in the course of opening or closing. 1.4.9 Inspection chamber A chamber to provide access only for equipment, for inspection and testing, maintenance, clearing obstructions and removal of debris when operating from surface
31、level. 1.4.10 Lift-out A cover or grate, with no hinge or tilt-up mechanism, which is removed by lifting the cover or grate out of the frame. 1.4.11 Batch release test A test performed by the manufacturer on a batch of components, which has to be satisfactorily completed before the batch can be rele
32、ased. 1.4.12 Type test Test intended to prove the suitability and performance of new materials, new manufacturing processes, new joint designs or new types of fittings. Type tests are generally carried out when a change is made to one of these aspects of the product. 1.4.13 Fastening device A device
33、 that includes features to prevent or largely restrict one or more of the following: (a) Movement between a grate or cover and the frame. (b) The grate or cover being dislodged from the frame under traffic. (c) Opening of the grate or cover without the use of a tool. 1.4.14 Recessed cover A cover re
34、quiring a structural or non-structural infill. 1.4.15 Register A slot and matching protuberance or other feature of a cover or grate and its frame which provides a permanent physical means of correctly orienting the cover or grate in its frame. 1.4.16 Sealed cover A cover and frame that provide, bot
35、h, a gas-tight and watertight seal. 1.4.17 Sealed gas-tight A cover and frame that provide a gas-tight seal. Downloaded by Peter Egan on 13 Mar 2006. For internal use within SAI Group only. See conditions of use for details. The Standard is downloaded from Standard Sharing 7 AS 39962006 .au Standar
36、ds Australia 1.4.18 Sealed watertight A cover and frame that provide a watertight seal. 1.4.19 Seating Surface on which the grate or cover rests in the frame. 1.4.20 Tilt-up mechanism A device by which a cover or grate, unattached to the frame, is permitted to rotate into an open position. 1.4.21 Un
37、it An access cover and its frame or a grate and its frame. 1.4.22 Vane A part of a grate designed to impart a vertical deflection to inflow to the chamber. 1.5 CLASSIFICATION TERMINOLOGY Covers and grates shall have the following features, as applicable: (a) Load Grates and covers shall be classifie
38、d for load capacity, Classes A to G, in accordance with Table 3.1. (b) Opening type Grates and covers shall be classified as lift-out, tilt-up or hinged. (c) Ventilation or sealing Covers shall be classified as ventilated, unsealed, sealed, sealed watertight or sealed gas-tight. Covers classified as
39、 sealed shall be both watertight and gas-tight (see Clause 1.4.16). (d) Bicycle tyre penetration resistance Grates shall be classified as bicycle tyre penetration resistant in all directions, or in a particular direction. 1.6 PERMANENT MARKING Unless otherwise specified, covers and grates shall bear
40、 the following permanent marks: (a) Manufacturers name or registered trademark. (b) Date of manufacture. (c) The number of this Standard, i.e. AS 3996. (d) Load classification in accordance with Table 3.1, which may nominate more than one class, for example Classes C-D (e) The approximate mass of th
41、e cover (including any infill) or grate, excluding the frame. (f) Covers that are sealed to be marked as such in accordance with Clause 1.5(c). (g) Grates designed for a particular direction of inflow to indicate the direction of inflow on their upper surface. (h) Grates that are not bicycle tyre pe
42、netration resistant in all directions to indicate the direction on their upper surface for which they are bicycle tyre penetration resistant. (i) Covers requiring structural infill on site to be marked STRUCTURAL INFILL. Markings specified in Items (d) to (h) shall be visible on the top of covers (i
43、ncluding recessed covers after in-filling) and grates, as appropriate. Markings specified in Items (a) to (c) and (i) shall be visible on the top of covers (including recessed covers after in-filling) and grates. Alternatively, they may be on the underside, such that they are visible when the cover
44、is removed and overturned. Downloaded by Peter Egan on 13 Mar 2006. For internal use within SAI Group only. See conditions of use for details. AS 39962006 8 Standards Australia .au Additional marking to that specified above, its location and requirements for visibility shall be as agreed between the
45、 purchaser and manufacturer. For covers requiring structural infill on site (see Item (i) above), structural infill installation procedures in accordance with Appendix G shall be supplied with each delivery (to ensure the quality of the structural infill). NOTES: 1 Manufacturers making a statement o
46、f compliance with this Australian Standard on a product, packaging, or promotional material related to that product are advised to ensure that such compliance is capable of being verified. 2 Purchasing guidelines are provided in Appendix B for information to be supplied at the time of calling for te
47、nders or quotations. Where the place of installation needs consideration attention is drawn to Paragraph B2.1(h). Downloaded by Peter Egan on 13 Mar 2006. For internal use within SAI Group only. See conditions of use for details. The Standard is downloaded from Standard Sharing 9 AS 39962006 .au St
48、andards Australia S E C T I O N 2 M A T E R I A L R E Q U I R E M E N T S 2.1 GENERAL The materials used in the manufacture and supply of access covers, inspection covers, road grates and frames shall comply with the appropriate requirements of this Section. Consideration shall be given to the effec
49、ts of corrosion, fire durability, thermal expansion, degradation by ultraviolet radiation, serviceability, skid resistance and abrasion. 2.2 CAST IRON Cast metal grates and covers, depending on the method of manufacture, shall be either (a) flake graphite iron (hereafter called grey iron) of a quality not less than t