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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 7159:1989 Code of practice for Design and construction of glass reinforced plastics (GRP) piping systems for individual plants or sites UDC 66.026:621.644.07:621.643.2-036.5:678.067.5-462 BS 7159:1989 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Plastics
2、 Standards Policy Committee, was published under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on 31 October 1989 BSI 02-2000 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PLM/9 Draft for comment 88/35803 DC ISBN 0 580 17499 9 Committees responsible
3、for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Plastics Standards Policy Committee (PLM/-) to Technical Committee PLM/9, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Board of Agrment British Gas plc British Plastics Federation British Plumbing Fi
4、ttings Manufacturers Association British Valve and Actuator Manufacturers Association Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment) Department of the Environment (Construction Industries Directorate) Department of the Environment (Property Services Agency) Department of Transport E
5、lectricity Supply Industry in England and Wales Engineering Equipment and Materials Users Association Health and Safety Executive Institution of Civil Engineers Institution of Gas Engineers Institution of Production Engineers Institution of Water and Environmental Management (IWEM) National Associat
6、ion of Plumbing, Heating and Mechanical Services Contractors Plastics and Rubber Institute Plastics Land Drainage Manufacturers Association Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene Society of British Gas Industries Water Authorities Association Water Companies Association Water Research Centre T
7、he following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard, through subcommittees and panels: Association of Consulting Engineers Department of Trade and Industry (National Engineering Laboratory) Federation of Civil Engineering Contractors Institution of Mechanical Engineers Pipeline
8、 Industries Guild RAPRA Technology Ltd. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.Date of issueComments BS 7159:1989 BSI 02-2000i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover Forewordv Section 1. General 1.1Scope1 1.2Definitions1 1.3Abbreviations1 1.4Symbols2 1.5Information and requireme
9、nts to be agreed and documented4 Section 2. Design objectives and general recommendations 2.1Basis of design6 2.2Sizes, dimensions and tolerances6 Section 3. Materials 3.1Thermosetting resin systems8 3.2Fibrous reinforcement8 3.3Surface tissues8 3.4Aggregates and fillers8 3.5Thermoplastics liners8 3
10、.6Cement for bonding spigot and socket joints9 3.7Non-metallic materials for potable water applications9 Section 4. Mechanical properties and design stress or design strain 4.1General10 4.2Mechanical properties10 4.3Design stress and design strain11 4.4Temperature of deflection14 Section 5. Design f
11、or pressure containment 5.1General16 5.2Pressure ratings16 5.3Reference laminates16 5.4Determining reference laminates17 5.5Thickness of reference laminates17 5.6Identification of laminate construction17 Section 6. Allowable vacuum rating for pipes made using reference laminates 6.1Determination of
12、allowable vacuum22 6.2Increasing allowable external pressure22 6.3Stiffening rings22 Section 7. Flexibility and stress analyses and factors 7.1General23 7.2Calculation of temperature change for flexibility analysis23 7.3Stress analysis of flexible piping systems24 7.4Accommodation of expansion as lo
13、ngitudinal compressive strain45 Section 8. General layout considerations 8.1Thermal effects47 8.2Site joints47 8.3Isolation47 8.4Heat tracing47 8.5Nearby pipes47 8.6Vulnerability47 BS 7159:1989 ii BSI 02-2000 Page 8.7Transient vacuum conditions47 8.8Vibration47 8.9Fabrications48 8.10Conduction of el
14、ectricity48 8.11Conduction of heat48 8.12Relationship between circumferential and longitudinal properties of straight pipe lengths48 Section 9. Pipe supports and anchorages 9.1General49 9.2Allowable loadings49 9.3Allowable deflection49 9.4Loading conditions49 9.5Support span calculations49 9.6Wind l
15、oads50 Section 10. Methods of jointing 10.1General requirements for laminated joints51 10.2Butt joints in unlined pipes53 10.3Butt joints in lined pipes53 10.4Spigot and socket joints in unlined pipes53 10.5Spigot and socket joints in lined pipes54 10.6Flanged joints54 10.7Environmental conditions55
16、 Section 11. Quality assurance 11.1General60 11.2Materials60 11.3Conditions in works60 11.4Conditions on site60 11.5Workmanship60 11.6Thermoplastics linings60 11.7Spark testing of welds61 11.8Lay-up61 11.9Cure62 11.10 Marking62 11.11 Inspection62 11.12 Testing63 Appendix A Requirements for non-metal
17、lic materials for use in contact with potable water64 Appendix B Determination of design strain from mechanical test data64 Appendix C Notes on flexibility and stress analysis66 Appendix D Dimensional design details of fittings69 Appendix E Non-destructive testing (NDT)73 Appendix F Procedure approv
18、al tests75 Appendix G Repair procedures77 Appendix H Inspection79 Appendix J Bibliography79 BS 7159:1989 BSI 02-2000iii Page Figure 2.1 Flow chart of design procedure7 Figure 4.1 Unit modulus/winding angle13 Figure 4.2 Variation of the Poisson ratio with winding angle for filament-wound pipe13 Figur
19、e 4.3 Reduction of strain class ratings as a function of fatigue conditions in service15 Figure 7.1 Types of bends and associated factors26 Figure 7.2 Flexibility factors for smooth bends27 Figure 7.3 Flexibility factors for mitred bends28 Figure 7.4 In-plane longitudinal SIFs for smooth bends29 Fig
20、ure 7.5 In-plane longitudinal SIFs for mitred bends30 Figure 7.6 In-plane circumferential SIFs for smooth bends31 Figure 7.7 In-plane circumferential SIFs for mitred bends32 Figure 7.8 Out-of-plane longitudinal SIFs for smooth bends33 Figure 7.9 Out-of-plane longitudinal SIFs for mitred bends34 Figu
21、re 7.10 Out-of-plane circumferential SIFs for smooth bends35 Figure 7.11 Out-of-plane circumferential SIFs for mitred bends36 Figure 7.12 Types of tees and associated factors38 Figure 7.13 Stress intensification factors for tees39 Figure 7.14 Details of moulded tees40 Figure 7.15 Details of set-on o
22、r set-in tees41 Figure 7.16 Pressure stress multipliers for tees42 Figure 10.1 Butt joints52 Figure 10.2 Flange construction55 Figure D.1 Dimensions of GRP pipe fittings70 Figure D.2 Dimensions of non-preferred GRP flanged fittings72 Table 4.1 Mechanical properties of laminate layers10 Table 4.2 Typ
23、es of laminate construction10 Table 4.3 Strain class ratings12 Table 4.4 Application of strain classifications to environmental conditions 12 Table 5.1 Reference laminates and their properties17 Table 5.2 Reference laminates for construction of class 1 systems18 Table 5.3 Reference laminates for con
24、struction of class 2 systems19 Table 5.4 Reference laminates for construction of class 3 systems20 Table 5.5 Reference laminates for construction of class 4 systems21 Table 5.6 Permitted manufacturing tolerances for reference laminates for straight pipes21 Table 10.1 Internal step51 Table 10.2 Overl
25、ay lengths for butt joints51 Table 10.3 Minimum socket depths54 Table 10.4 Flange and bolt details for flanges to BS 1560 Class 150 dimensions 11/2b to 24b56 Table 10.5 Flange and bolt details for flanges to BS 3293 Class 150 dimensions 26b to 48b57 Table 10.6 Flange and bolt details for flanges to
26、BS 4504 Table 10 (PN 10) dimensions 11/2b to 24b58 Table 10.7 Flange and bolt details for flanges to BS 4504 Table 10 (PN 10) dimensions 26b to 48b59 BS 7159:1989 iv BSI 02-2000 Page Table 11.1 Irregularities and limits thereon63 Table D.1 Nominal dimensions for GRP pipe fittings69 Table D.2 Nominal
27、 dimensions for non-preferred GRP flanged fittings71 Table G.1 Repair procedures77 Publications referred to80 BS 7159:1989 BSI 02-2000v Foreword This British Standard Code of practice has been prepared under the direction of the Plastics Standards Policy Committee. It provides guidance for the desig
28、n and construction of glass reinforced plastics (GRP) piping systems, within the boundaries of an individual site or adjacent sites. It thus complements codes and specifications concerned with the design and construction of a) vessels and tanks in reinforced plastics in accordance with BS 4994 and b
29、) with the design and performance of individual pipes or fittings in accordance with BS 6464, for use as components of process plants. For the construction of GRP pipes and fittings for water supply or sewerage, attention is drawn to BS 5480 and BS 8005. For drainage, attention is drawn to BS 8301,
30、and for pipelines of GRP, BS 8010-2.5 should be consulted. This first edition of this British Standard has been written as a code of practice and its provisions are expressed throughout as recommendations. However, it is intended that upon review, after a period of use, a subsequent edition will emu
31、late BS 806 and BS 4994 and take the form of a specification in which the majority of the provisions will be expressed as requirements. The objective of this code is to ensure that the design of GRP piping systems within its scope should provide for the most severe coincident conditions of temperatu
32、re, pressure and loading. It is applicable to system components of polyester, epoxy or furane resin reinforced with drawn glass in the form of chopped strand mat and/or woven roving and/or wound filaments and with or without thermoplastic liners, in nominal sizes from 25 to 1 000 in the metric serie
33、s (see BS 6464). However, at this time, the detailed contents reflect the greater body of experience with inch series components in nominal sizes up to 48 (1 200) to which it is therefore also applicable. The code provides for design values for design strain to be determined in two ways: either acco
34、rding to the design temperature and the severity of the service environment in relation to the choice of resin, or as derived from experimental test data where the appropriate stress/environment/temperature combination can be simulated. The possible influences of corrosion and fatigue are considered
35、 and particular attention is paid to flexibility analysis. The code includes sections on general layout, supports and anchorages and joints and concludes with guidance on quality assurance. Additional information provided in appendices includes the following. a) Reference to requirements applicable
36、to plastics pipework components likely to come into contact with potable water. b) Methods of test for determination of the effects of relevant liquid environments, on resistance to long term hydrostatic pressure or to fatigue, which provide factors to be taken into account for purposes of stress an
37、alysis. c) Guidance on accommodation of pipework expansion and contraction. d) Nominal dimensions of lengths and radii to be assumed or specified for fittings to enable the initial planning of pipework layouts. e) General guidance on non-destructive testing. f) Recommendations for procedure approval
38、 testing. g) Descriptions of various irregularities in pipe or fitting construction together with a classification of their respective significance and recommended remedial procedure. h) Recommended stages of inspection for quality assurance purposes. j) A bibliography of related publications. BS 71
39、59:1989 vi BSI 02-2000 In selecting the symbols and units adopted for this standard, particular account has been taken of those established for use in respect of the specification and design of GRP pipes, fittings and vessels, primarily in BS 6464 and BS 4994 and, for similar design purposes, for fe
40、rrous piping installations in BS 806. For some purposes, these complementary standards have selected differing conventions or options from one another. Hence, to avoid assigning a multiplicity of meanings to the use of any individual symbols within this standard, it has been necessary to use for som
41、e parameters an alternative symbol or unit to that which may be found in a complementary or analogous standard. It has been assumed in the drafting of this standard that the design of GRP piping systems is entrusted to qualified engineers and that the execution of their construction is carried out u
42、nder the direction of appropriately qualified supervisors. WARNING NOTE. This code does not necessarily detail all precautions necessary to meet the requirements of the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974. Attention should be paid to any appropriate regulations and safety precautions, for exampl
43、e concerning the execution of installations on site, and the procedures and test methods described should be operated only by trained personnel. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct app
44、lication. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to vi, pages 1 to 80, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright da
45、te) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. BS 7159:1989 BSI 02-20001 Section 1. General 1.1 Scope This code of practice gives recommendations for the design, fabrication, installation, testing and inspection of glass reinfor
46、ced plastics (GRP) piping systems, with or without thermoplastics linings, within the boundaries of individual or associated sites for general chemical engineering purposes such as chemical plants, process plants, refineries, steam-raising units, storage and distribution depots and tank farms. It is
47、 particularly applicable to systems based on use of pipes having an internal diameter of 25 mm to 1 200 mm or equivalent (nominal sizes 25 to 1 200) and intended for use in the temperature range of 30 pC to + 110 pC and/or internal pressures of up to 10 bar in the case of pipes up to 600 mm internal
48、 diameter or up to 6 bar in the case of pipes having internal diameters greater than 600 mm. This code does not include recommendations specific to the particular needs of cross-country pipelines outside the boundaries already described or of underground or under-water effluent or drainage systems,
49、although general aspects of its guidance may be helpful where not in conflict with other codes of practice for such purposes. Additional information or guidance is provided in appendices concerning requirements for non-metallic materials for use in contact with potable water, determination of design strain, flexibility and stress analyses, design details of fittings, non-destructive testing, procedural approval, inspection and repair procedures. NOTEThe titles of BSI publications re