《IEEE Std 449-1998 IEEE standard for ferroresonant voltage regulators.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《IEEE Std 449-1998 IEEE standard for ferroresonant voltage regulators.pdf（35页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2394, USA Copyright 1999 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 10 June 1999. Printed in the United States of America. Print: ISBN 0-7381-1533-
2、9 SH94718 PDF: ISBN 0-7381-1534-7 SS94718 No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. IEEE Std 449-1998 (Revision of IEEE Std 449-1990) IEEE Standard for Ferroresonant Voltage Regula
3、tors Sponsor Electronics Transformer Technical Committee of the IEEE Power Electronics Society Approved 8 December 1998 IEEE-SA Standards Board Abstract: Ferroresonant transformers used as regulators in electronic power supplies and in other equipment are covered. Guides to application and test proc
4、edures are included. Keywords: controlled ferroresonant regulators, ferroresonant transformer regulators, series feroresonant regulators, series-parallel ferroresonant regulators IEEE Standards documents are developed within the IEEE Societies and the Standards Coordinating Com- mittees of the IEEE
5、Standards Association (IEEE-SA) Standards Board. Members of the committees serve voluntarily and without compensation. They are not necessarily members of the Institute. The standards developed within IEEE represent a consensus of the broad expertise on the subject within the Institute as well as th
6、ose activities outside of IEEE that have expressed an interest in participating in the development of the standard. Use of an IEEE Standard is wholly voluntary. The existence of an IEEE Standard does not imply that there are no other ways to produce, test, measure, purchase, market, or provide other
7、 goods and services related to the scope of the IEEE Standard. Furthermore, the viewpoint expressed at the time a standard is approved and issued is subject to change brought about through developments in the state of the art and comments received from users of the standard. Every IEEE Standard is s
8、ubjected to review at least every fi ve years for revision or reaffi rmation. When a document is more than fi ve years old and has not been reaffi rmed, it is rea- sonable to conclude that its contents, although still of some value, do not wholly refl ect the present state of the art. Users are caut
9、ioned to check to determine that they have the latest edition of any IEEE Standard. Comments for revision of IEEE Standards are welcome from any interested party, regardless of membership affi liation with IEEE. Suggestions for changes in documents should be in the form of a proposed change of text,
10、 together with appropriate supporting comments. Interpretations: Occasionally questions may arise regarding the meaning of portions of standards as they relate to specifi c applications. When the need for interpretations is brought to the attention of IEEE, the Institute will initiate action to prep
11、are appropriate responses. Since IEEE Standards represent a consensus of all concerned interests, it is important to ensure that any interpretation has also received the concurrence of a balance of interests. For this reason, IEEE and the members of its societies and Standards Coordinating Committee
12、s are not able to provide an instant response to interpretation requests except in those cases where the matter has previously received formal consideration. Comments on standards and requests for interpretations should be addressed to: Secretary, IEEE-SA Standards Board 445 Hoes Lane P.O. Box 1331
13、Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331 USA Authorization to photocopy portions of any individual standard for internal or personal use is granted by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., provided that the appropriate fee is paid to Copyright Clearance Center. To arrange for payment of lice
14、nsing fee, please contact Copyright Clearance Center, Cus- tomer Service, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 USA; (978) 750-8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copy- right Clearance Center. Note: Attentio
15、n is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsi
16、ble for identifying patents for which a license may be required by an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention. Copyright 1999 IEEE. All rights reserved. iii Introduction (This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 4
17、49-1998, IEEE Standard for Ferroresonant Voltage Regulators.) The purpose of this standard is to provide a common ground of understanding between engineers involved in the design, manufacture, sale, and use of ferroresonant transformers. It pertains to ferroresonant transform- ers used as regulators
18、 in electronic power supplies and in other equipment where the inherent properties of voltage regulation and current limiting are useful. This publication was prepared by the Ferroresonant Transformer Subcommittee of the Electronics Transformer Technical Committee of the IEEE Power Electronics Socie
19、ty. The subcommittee had the following membership: Hassan Yarpezeshkan, Chair The following members of the balloting committee voted on this standard: The Institute wishes to acknowledge its indebtedness to those who have given so freely of their time and knowledge in the development of the original
20、 version of this standard. The followship of authors of the inaugural publication, IEEE Std 449-1984, include the following distinguished members: Clyde H. Nicholson, Chair Dale Leppart, Secretary When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on 8 December 1998, it had the following member
21、ship: Richard J. Holleman, Chair Donald N. Heirman, Vice Chair Judith Gorman, Secretary *Member Emeritus Greg Kohn IEEE Standards Project Editor Jack S. Andresen Robert B. Beers I. D. Bolt J. E. Cronk John DeCramer Charles J. Elliott Paul K. Goethe W. D. Goethe Rohn R. Grant Harold E. Lee David N. R
22、atliff Robert Lee Sell J. Silgailis Bruce D. Thackwray Matthew A. Wilkowski Jack S. Andresen Robert B. Beers Lowell Bosley John DeCramer Charles J. Elliott Paul K. Goethe Rohn Grant Ryusuke Hasegawa Harold E. Lee Ashraf Lofti David N. Ratliff Robert Lee Sell Glenn Skutt Charles Sullivan John Tardy B
23、ruce D. Thackwray Matthew A. Wilkowski Hassan Yarpezeshkan Jack Adams Lawrie Anderson Dale Corel Wayne C. Emerson Hermann Fickenscher Paul K. Goethe Harold E. Lee Bill Lucarz Robert L. Sell Ray Taylor Hermann Tillinger Donald A. Trott Satish K. Aggarwal Clyde R. Camp James T. Carlo Gary R. Engmann H
24、arold E. Epstein Jay Forster* Thomas F. Garrity Ruben D. Garzon James H. Gurney Jim D. Isaak Lowell G. Johnson Robert Kennelly E. G. “Al” Kiener Joseph L. Koepfi nger* Stephen R. Lambert Jim Logothetis Donald C. Loughry L. Bruce McClung Louis-Franois Pau Ronald C. Petersen Gerald H. Peterson John B.
25、 Posey Gary S. Robinson Hans E. Weinrich Donald W. Zipse iv Copyright 1999 IEEE. All rights reserved. Contents 1.Scope1 2.References1 3.Definitions2 4.Auxiliary circuits to provide special features8 4.1 Ferroresonant voltage regulator with harmonic filter (harmonic neutralized).8 5.Service condition
26、s12 5.1 Environmental12 5.2 Mechanical.12 6.Ratings.13 6.1 Input rating.13 6.2 Output rating13 6.3 Resonant section rating14 6.4 Thermal rating14 6.5 Electric strength.15 6.6 Magnetic radiation.15 6.7 Acoustic noise15 6.8 Corona16 7.Nameplate and other markings16 7.1 Nameplate16 7.2 Nameplate inform
27、ation16 7.3 Termination markings17 8.Test procedures17 8.1 Electric strength tests.17 8.2 Input characteristic (resonating capacitor connected) tests .18 8.3 Output characteristics.19 8.4 Overload characteristics.20 8.5 Transient excursions (overshoot and undershoot).20 8.6 Temperature rise20 8.7 Ex
28、ternal flux field21 8.8 Audible sound-level tests.21 8.9 Polarity.22 9.Application guide.23 9.1 Introduction23 9.2 Shunt-type ferroresonant regulators.24 9.3 Specific applications26 10.Maintenance guide.29 11.Bibliography 31 Copyright 1999 IEEE. All rights reserved. 1 IEEE Standard for Ferroresonant
29、 Voltage Regulators 1. Scope This standard pertains to ferroresonant voltage regulators that operate at relatively constant frequencies and provide substantially constant output voltages in spite of relatively large changes of input voltage. It also covers controlled ferroresonant regulators that ma
30、intain substantially constant output voltages regardless of variations, within limits, of input voltage, temperature, frequency, and output load. Guides to application and test procedures are included. Provisions are made for relating the characteristics of ferroresonant regulators to associated rec
31、tifi ers and circuits. Defi nitions pertaining to ferroresonance and ferroresonant regulators that have not been found elsewhere are included with an appropriate discussion. This standard includes, but is not limited to, the following types of ferroresonant regulators: a)Series ferroresonant regulat
32、ors b)Series-parallel ferroresonant regulators (electrically connected) c)Ferroresonant transformer regulators (magnetically coupled) d)Controlled ferroresonant regulators 2. References This standard shall be used in conjunction with the following publications. When the following publications are su
33、perseded by an approved revision, the revision shall apply. ANSI S1.2-1962 (Reaff 1976), American National Standard Method for the Physical Measurement of Sound. 1 ANSI S1.4-1983, American National Standard Specifi cation for Sound Level Meters. 2 IEEE Std 100-1996, IEEE Standard Dictionary of Elect
34、rical and Electronics Terms, Sixth Edition. 3 1 ANSI S1.2-1962 has been withdrawn; however, copies can be obtained from the Sales Department, American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street, 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036, USA (http:/www.ansi.org/). 2 ANSI publications are available from
35、the Sales Department, American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street, 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036, USA (http:/www.ansi.org/). IEEE Std 449-1998IEEE STANDARD FOR FERRORESONANT 2 Copyright 1999 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Std 260.1-1993, American National Standard Letter Symbols for
36、 Units of Measurement (SI Units, Customary Inch-Pound Units, and Certain Other Units). IEEE Std 280-1985 (Reaff 1997), IEEE Standard Letter Symbols for Quantities Used in Electrical Science and Electrical Engineering. IEEE Std 389-1996, IEEE Recommended Practice for Testing Electronics Transformers
37、and Inductors. IEEE Std 436-1977, IEEE Guide for Making Corona (Partial Discharge) Measurements on Electronics Transformers. 4 3. Defi nitions For purposes of this standard, the following terms and defi nitions apply. IEEE Std 100-1996 5 , The IEEE Standard Dictionary of Electronics and Electrical T
38、erms, should be referenced for terms not defi ned in this clause. The letters and graphic symbols used in this standard shall be in accordance with IEEE Std 260-1978 and IEEE Std 280-1985 insofar as they apply, except as herein stated. 3.1 air gap: The space between the magnetic shunt and the core,
39、used to establish the required reluctance of the shunt fl ux path. 3.2 basic series ferroresonant voltage regulator: This regulator consists of a series connection of a saturat- ing inductor and a capacitor connected across the source. The load is inductively or conductively coupled to the saturatin
40、g inductor. See Figure 1. NOTEApplications of this circuit are limited by the requisite large ratio of reactive to real powers. 3.3 basic series parallel ferroresonant voltage regulator: This regulator consists of an essentially linear inductor connected in series with a parallel combination of a no
41、nlinear inductor and a capacitor. This 3 IEEE publications are available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331, USA (http:/www.standards.ieee.org/). 4 IEEE Std 436-1977 has been withdrawn; however, copies can be obtained f
42、rom Global Engineering, 15 Inverness Way East, Engle- wood, CO 80112-5704, USA, tel. (303) 792-2181 (http:/ 5 Information on references can be found in Clause 2. Figure 1Basic series ferroresonant voltage regulator IEEE VOLTAGE REGULATORSStd 449-1998 Copyright 1999 IEEE. All rights reserved. 3 combi
43、nation is connected across the source as shown in Figure 2. Load voltage is derived by inductive or conductive coupling to the nonlinear inductor. 3.4 controlled ferroresonant regulators: A regulator consisting basically of an inductor connected in series with a parallel combination of a capacitor a
44、nd controllable simulated inductor. This combination is connected across the source as shown in Figure 3. Stabilized output voltage is derived by inductive or conductive coupling to the parallel combination of C and the controllable simulated inductor. In a controlled ferroresonant regulator the con
45、trollable simulated inductor can be a combination of switching devices (such as thyristors or transistors) and linear or saturating inductors. This circuit, in combination with a control input to the simulated inductor, controls the fl ux swing (or simulated fl ux swing) in the saturated (or simulat
46、ed saturating) inductor, thereby controlling the stabilized output voltage. 3.5 ferroresonance: The steady-state mode of operation that exists when an alternating voltage of suffi cient magnitude is applied to a circuit consisting of capacitance and ferromagnetic inductance causing changes in the fe
47、rromagnetic inductance that are repeated each half cycle. NOTEWhen certain critical relations exist among circuit parameters, self-sustaining subharmonic or harmonic oscilla- tions may also be excited in the circuit. Figure 2Basic series parallel ferroresonant voltage regulator Figure 3Controlled fe
48、rroresonant regulator schematic IEEE Std 449-1998IEEE STANDARD FOR FERRORESONANT 4 Copyright 1999 IEEE. All rights reserved. 3.6 ferroresonant voltage regulation: The effect obtained by the limiting action of the saturation character- istic of the magnetic material in a ferroresonant circuit, which
49、regulates the output voltage over a specifi ed range of input voltages and a specifi ed frequency of excitation. NOTEThis effect regulates the half-cycle average value of the output voltage. 3.7 ferroresonant voltage regulator transformer: A high-reactance transformer employing magnetic shunts that allow the magnetic functions of the basic series parallel ferroresonant regulator circuits to be combined into a single magnetic component. See Figure 4 and Figure 5. NOTEHereafter this will be referred to as a ferroresonant transformer. 3.8 jump reso