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1、IEEE Std 1521-2003 IEEE Standards 1521 TM IEEE Trial-Use Standard for Measurement of Video Jitter and Wander Published by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA 6 February 2004 IEEE Broadcast Technology Society Sponsored by the G-2.1 A
2、udio Video Techniques Committee IEEE Standards Print: SH95176 PDF: SS95176 Authorized licensed use limited to: Tsinghua University Library. Downloaded on December 25,2010 at 10:47:57 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. IEEE Std 1521-2003 IEEE Trial-Use Standard for Measurement of Video Jitter
3、and Wander Sponsor G-2.1 Audio Video Techniques Committee of the IEEE Broadcast Technology Society Approved 11 September 2003 IEEE-SA Standards Board Abstract: A set of metrics and methods to enable consistent measurement of the components of timing interval error in video synchronization signals is
4、 provided in this standard. By partitioning the spectra into regions of jitter and lower frequency wander (characterized as frequency offset and drift rate), timing performance can be better quantified for consistent control over nontraditional networks. Keywords: drift rate, frequency offset, jitte
5、r, timing interval error (TIE), wander Authorized licensed use limited to: Tsinghua University Library. Downloaded on December 25,2010 at 10:47:57 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyrig
6、ht 2004 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 6 February 2004. Printed in the United States of America. IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for education
7、al classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. Note: Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject mat- ter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the exis
8、tence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifying patents for which a license may be required by an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention. Authorize
9、d licensed use limited to: Tsinghua University Library. Downloaded on December 25,2010 at 10:47:57 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. ivCopyright 2004 IEEE. All rights reserved. Introduction (This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 1521-2003, IEEE Trial-Use Standard for Measurement of Video
10、 Jitter and Wander.) Digital video signals are now being multiplexed with other services over nontraditional terrestrial data networks at high clock rates. Within these networks, the data is typically buffered to maintain an average bit rate. This can induce unwanted timing impairments in the video
11、delivery, including a new, very low- frequency characteristic called wander. Heretofore, the measurement and specification of video wander, its differentiation from the more familiar term jitter, and the associated terminology has been poorly defined. This trial-use standard was developed in close c
12、ooperation with the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, which is setting limits for acceptable timing performance of video signals transported over such networks. Participants At the time this standard was completed, the G-2.1.4 Subcommittee on Video Distribution Measurements had the
13、 following membership: James R. Redford, Chair Michel Poulin, Vice Chair Aidan P. Moore, Project Leader Daniel G. Baker, Technical Editor At the time this standard was completed, the G-2.1 Audio Video Techniques Committee had the following membership: Alan Godber, Chair The following members of the
14、balloting committee voted on this standard. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. Publication of this trial-use standard for comment and criticism has been approved by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Trial-use standards are effective for 24 mo
15、nths from the date of publication. Comments for revision will be accepted for 18 months after publication. Suggestions for revision should be directed to the Secretary, IEEE-SA Standards Board, 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331, and should be received no later than 31 January 2
16、006. It is expected that following the 24-month period, this trial-use standard, revised as necessary, shall be submitted to the IEEE-SA Standards Board for approval as a full-use standard. David Fibush Alan Godber John J. Grigg H. Douglas Lung Wallace Murray James E. ONeal Richard Streeter Alexande
17、r Woerner Jay Ballard Paul Berger Tim Carroll Joseph Kane H. Douglas Lung James R. Redford Edmund Williams Daniel G. Baker Alan Godber John J. Grigg H. Douglas Lung Aidan P. Moore James E. ONeal Michel Poulin James R. Redford Alexander Woerner Authorized licensed use limited to: Tsinghua University
18、Library. Downloaded on December 25,2010 at 10:47:57 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. Copyright 2004 IEEE. All rights reserved.v When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on 11 September 2003, it had the following membership: Don Wright, Chair Howard M. Frazier, Vice Chair Judi
19、th Gorman, Secretary *Member Emeritus Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons: Alan Cookson, NIST Representative Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC Representative Savoula Amanatidis IEEE Standards Managing Editor H. Stephen Berger Joseph A. Bruder Bob Davis Richard DeBlasio J
20、ulian Forster* Toshio Fukuda Arnold M. Greenspan Raymond Hapeman Donald N. Heirman Laura Hitchcock Richard H. Hulett Anant Kumar Jain Lowell G. Johnson Joseph L. Koepfinger* Tom McGean Steve M. Mills Daleep C. Mohla William J. Moylan Paul Nikolich Gary S. Robinson Malcolm V. Thaden Geoffrey O. Thomp
21、son Doug Topping Howard L. Wolfman Authorized licensed use limited to: Tsinghua University Library. Downloaded on December 25,2010 at 10:47:57 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. viCopyright 2004 IEEE. All rights reserved. Contents 1.Overview 1 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Purpose. 1 2.Definitions . 1 3.Me
22、asurement of jitter and wander . 4 3.1 Jitter measurement. 4 3.2 Wander measurement 6 3.3 Optional combination (automated) measurement of jitter, FO, and DR from IFO data 7 Annex A (informative) Examples for measuring IFO data . 9 Annex B (informative) Terminology hierarchy and demarcation frequency
23、 examples 12 Annex C (informative) Bibliography. 14 Authorized licensed use limited to: Tsinghua University Library. Downloaded on December 25,2010 at 10:47:57 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. Copyright 2004 IEEE. All rights reserved.1 IEEE Trial-Use Standard for Measurement of Video Jitter
24、 and Wander 1. Overview 1.1 Scope This trial-use standard allows the creation of instrumentation technology for consistent measurements of video-related time-interval errors (TIEs). 1.2 Purpose This standard defines a set of measurements to provide metrics to quantify the timing perturbations of a v
25、ideo signals synchronization information. The goal of this measurement standard is to provide consistent and meaningful timing measurements of both digital (discrete-time) and analog (continuous-time) video that can be correlated to video system performance. To achieve this goal, this standard makes
26、 use of the traditional engineering concept of analyzing the timing perturbations in terms of a sinusoidal frequency spectrum, rather than applying statistical metrics to time-domain measurements. A partitioning (filtering) of that spectrum is introduced and metrics are assigned for quantifying the
27、timing perturbations so that performance limits, which are directly related to limitations of video timing recovery, buffering and synchronization, can be set and verified. 2. Definitions For purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply. The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE S
28、tandards Terms, Seventh Edition B11, should be referenced for terms not defined in this clause. 2.1 demarcation frequency: In the context of the sinusoidal spectral content of TIE, it is the frequency that separates the low-frequency spectral components that are best quantified in terms of wander fr
29、om the high- frequency components that are best quantified as jitter. This frequency may be explicitly specified by a jitter measurement standard for a particular format, such as bit-serial digital video. If not explicitly specified, a good choice for this frequency can be derived from the particula
30、r video formats drift-rate (DR) and jitter performance limits in the format specifications. However, since these specifications depend on the level of 1The numbers in brackets correspond to those of the bibliography in Annex C. Authorized licensed use limited to: Tsinghua University Library. Downloa
31、ded on December 25,2010 at 10:47:57 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. IEEE Std 1521-2003IEEE TRIAL-USE STANDARD FOR 2Copyright 2004 IEEE. All rights reserved. performance required for the video signal (i.e., video production quality versus video distribution quality), different demarcation f
32、requencies may coexist for a single video format. In any case, the particular frequency used for the measurement should be called out along with the measured wander and jitter data values. NOTESee Figure B.1 in Annex, which illustrates how the demarcation frequency separates jitter and wander measur
33、e- ment responses. 2.2 frequency drift rate (DR): The time-rate-of-change of the frequency offset (FO). The preferred units of measure are parts per million/second (ppm/s) or parts per billion/second (ppb/s). 2.3 frequency offset (FO): A low-pass filtered or averaged value of instantaneous frequency
34、 offset (IFO) to reduce the effects of TIE spectral components above the demarcation frequency, preferred to be specified in ppm and sampled at a rate well above the demarcation frequency. 2.4 instantaneous frequency offset (IFO): The negative of the time-rate-of-change of the TIE, or equiva- lently
35、, the difference in rate of occurrence of the significant timing instances from the expected or ideal rate normalized to the ideal rate and preferably converted to ppm. 2.5 intrinsic jitter: The output jitter of a video source that is not processing a video input signal (test signal generator, video
36、 storage playback, camera, etc.) or the component of the output jitter of a video signal processing element added by that element (processing or distribution amplifiers, routers, etc.). It is often measured as the output jitter with a relatively jitter-free input. 2.6 intrinsic wander: The output wa
37、nder of a video source that is not processing a video input signal (test signal generator, video storage playback, camera, etc.) or the component of the output wander of a video sig- nal processing element (CODEC decoder, MPEG decoders, etc.) contributed by that element. 2.7 jitter: The high-frequen
38、cy spectral components of the TIE that are generally outside of the phase- tracking or synchronization bandwidth of subsequent video processing equipment. For the purposes of this standard, TIE spectral components above a specified demarcation frequency are considered jitter. Other video standards a
39、nd recommended practices, such as SMPTE RP 184-2003 B3, which defines jitter measurements specifically related to serial digital video distribution, share the concept that timing jitter is measured above some specified frequency, and timing variations below that frequency are termed wander. NOTESMPT
40、E RP 184-2003 B3 defines several types of jitter for serial digital video signals. In this recommended practice, timing jitter is defined as timing variations with spectral components above a specified frequency, typically 10 Hz or less. Timing variations with spectral components below the specified
41、 frequency are termed wander and are not addressed by SMPTE RP 184-2003 B3. 2.8 jitter transfer: The video output jitter as a result of applied video input signal with jitter. 2.9 jitter transfer function: Dimensionless ratio as a function of frequency of the video output jitter to a video input sig
42、nal with jitter. 2.10 output jitter: The jitter on a video output based on the combined effects of jitter transfer and intrinsic jitter. 2.11 output wander: The wander on the video output based on the combined effects of wander transfer and intrinsic wander. 2.12 significant instance: A timing refer
43、ence point of a video signal for purposes of synchronization of subsequent processing or distribution of the video signal. Ideally, the significant instances occur at uniform time intervals and are defined in the applicable video signal format specification. For example, on an analog video signal th
44、is may be the 50% point of the leading edge of horizontal sync and/or the average of the zero- Authorized licensed use limited to: Tsinghua University Library. Downloaded on December 25,2010 at 10:47:57 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. IEEE MEASUREMENT OF VIDEO JITTER AND WANDERStd 1521-200
45、3 Copyright 2004 IEEE. All rights reserved.3 crossings of the color reference burst on a composite signal. Other examples are the zero-crossings of a serial digital data stream or the beginning of data packets in a constant bit-rate transport stream. 2.13 TIE specification mask: The specification of
46、 performance limits for FO, frequency DR, and jitter of a video signal defines an implied spectral limit mask that bounds the maximum TIE spectral magnitude of the video signal. NOTES 1A log-log spectral plot showing a generalized mask and a compliant jitter spectral density are shown in Figure 1. 2
47、Explanation of TIE specification mask: In terms of TIE, the wander region is bounded by the limitations imposed by two independent specifications. Firstly, it is bounded by a maximum peak or IFO specification at the very low spectral region. This is indicated by a 6 dB/octave slope and assumes the b
48、est case of a long-term, mean FO of zero. Secondly, above some corner frequency, the peak frequency DR specification becomes more restrictive on TIE and is indicated by a 12 dB/octave slope. This corner frequency is the breakpoint frequency between the 6 dB/octave and 12 dB/octave slopes. Below the
49、breakpoint frequency, the peak frequency DR specification limit cannot be attained without exceeding the peak FO limit, whereas the reverse is true above the breakpoint frequency. Above the demarcation frequency, compliance with the DR limit forces the peak jitter to be below the jitter specification and, since the peak jitter is allowed to at least equal the jitter specification limit, wander is no longer defined above the demarcation frequency. Conversely, the peak TIE limit imposed by the jitter specification should not limit the peak values of TIE spectral c