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1、NFPA 269 Standard Test Method for Developing Toxic Potency Data for Use in Fire Hazard Modeling 2000 Edition National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, PO Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101 An International Codes and Standards Organization Copyright National Fire Protection Association
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27、om IHS -,-,- 2691 Copyright 2000 NFPA, All Rights Reserved NFPA 269 Standard Test Method for Developing Toxic Potency Data for Use in Fire Hazard Modeling 2000 Edition This edition of NFPA 269, Standard Test Method for Developing Toxic Potency Data for Use in Fire Hazard Modeling, was prepared by th
28、e Technical Committee on Fire Tests and acted on by the National Fire Protection Association, Inc., at its November Meeting held November 1417, 1999, in New Orleans, LA. It was issued by the Standards Council on January 14, 2000, with an effective date of February 11, 2000, and supersedes all previo
29、us editions. This edition of NFPA 269 was approved as an American National Standard on February 11, 2000. Origin and Development of NFPA 269 The first edition of NFPA 269 was published in 1996. It was desirable to establish a standard test method for the development of data for use in toxic hazard m
30、odeling. The basis of this standard was derived from much work completed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The 2000 edition is a reconfirmation of the earlier edition. Copyright National Fire Protection Association Provided by IHS under license with NFPA Not for ResaleNo reprodu
31、ction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 2692DEVELOPING TOXIC POTENCY DATA FOR USE IN FIRE HAZARD MODELING 2000 Edition Technical Committee on Fire Tests Jesse J. Beitel, Chair Hughes Assoc., Inc., MD SE Patty K. Adair, American Textile Mfrs., Inst., DC M April L. Berkol, Starwoo
32、d Hotels and Resorts, Inc., NY U Rep. American Hotel the concentra- tion of gas or smoke statistically calculated from concentration response data to produce lethality in 50 percent of test animals within a specified exposure and postexposure time. LC50 is measured in units of gm3. 4-1.6 Mass Loss C
33、oncentration. The mass loss of a test speci- men per unit exposure chamber volume (gm3). 4-1.7 Postflashover. The stage of a room fire during which average air temperature in the upper half of the room exceeds 600C. 4-1.8 Shall. Indicates a mandatory requirement. 4-1.9 Should. Indicates a recommenda
34、tion or that which is advised but not required. Chapter 5Test Method 5-1 Summary of Test Method. This method shall subject a 76 mm 127 mm or smaller test specimen to ignition while exposed to 50 kW/m2 of radiant heat for 15 minutes. The smoke produced shall be collected for 30 minutes within a 200-L
35、 chamber to which the combustion assembly is joined through a connecting chimney. Concentrations of the major gaseous toxicants shall be monitored over the 30-minute period, with Ct products for each determined from the inte- gration of the areas under the respective concentrationtime plots. The Ct
36、product data, along with the mass loss of the test specimen during the test, then shall be used in calculations to predict the 30-minute LC50 of the test specimen. The predicted LC50 then shall be confirmed in comparable tests by exposing six rats, restrained for head-only exposure, for 30 minutes t
37、o the smoke produced from that mass of the test specimen whose mass loss concentration during the 30-minute period is approximately equivalent to 70 percent 10 percent and equivalent to 130 percent of its estimated LC50. If no more than one rat dies during the 30-minute exposure, or within 14 days p
38、ostexposure, to the mass loss concentration correspond- ing to 70 percent of the LC50, and at least five rats die during the 30-minute exposure, or within 14 days postexposure, to the mass loss concentration corresponding to 130 percent of the LC50, the predicted LC50 shall be considered to be valid
39、ated. This confirmation ensures that the monitored toxicants account for the observed toxic effects. For data representing postflashover fires, a correction shall be made for the excess CO generated by ventilation-limited fires. Although the normal radiant heat flux is 50 kW/m2, other levels of flux
40、 shall be permitted to be used for specific evalua- tions of other fire scenarios, provided the variation is properly recorded and reported. The test method shall also allow for measurements of the time to ignition and the rate of mass loss of the test specimens. Chapter 6Test Apparatus 6-1 Animal E
41、xposure Chamber. The animal exposure cham- ber shall be as shown in Figures 6-1(a) and (b) and shall be of a transparent polycarbonate or polymethylmethacrylate mate- rial with a nominal volume of 0.2 m3. Its inside dimensions shall be 1220 mm 370 mm 450 mm. The six animal ports, intended for head-o
42、nly exposure, shall be located in a hori- zontal row, approximately halfway from the bottom to the top of the chamber, in the front wall. A plastic bag with a volume of 0.05 m3 shall be attached to a port at the end of the cham- ber to provide for gas expansion. The exposure box shall be equipped wi
43、th a gas sampling port at the animal nose level in the geometric center of the exposure chamber and with a port for returning gases in the end wall closest to the gas analyzers. A thermocouple shall be provided to monitor the temperature at the level of the animal ports. There shall be two doors in
44、the exposure chamber, one in the front wall near the connection to the combustion cell and one in the end wall nearest the ani- mal ports. The purpose of the doors is to allow for cleaning and maintenance of the chamber, the chimney, and the smoke shutter and to provide fresh air during the calibrat
45、ion of the heat lamps and immediately prior to testing. FIGURE 6-1(a)General view of radiant heat apparatus. Smoke shutterAnimal exposure ports Chimney Radiant heaters Specimen platform Load cell Combustion cell Copyright National Fire Protection Association Provided by IHS under license with NFPA N
46、ot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 2696DEVELOPING TOXIC POTENCY DATA FOR USE IN FIRE HAZARD MODELING 2000 Edition FIGURE 6-1(b)Main dimensions of the radiant heat apparatus. FIGURE 6-2The chimney in the radiant heat apparatus. 6-2 Chimney. The chimney
47、 shall be as shown in Figure 6-2 and shall be a stainless steel assembly with approximate inside dimensions of 30 mm 300 mm and approximate width of 300 mm. It shall connect the combustion cell to the animal exposure chamber. The chimney shall be divided into three channels by stainless steel divide
48、rs. The center channel shall be approximately 150 mm wide. The purpose of the dividers shall be to induce smoke to travel up through the center por- tion of the chimney, while air from the animal exposure chamber is drawn down through the outside channels to pro- vide air to the combustion cell. The
49、 chimney shall be con- nected to the underside of the animal exposure chamber by clamps, allowing its removal for cleaning. It shall be sealed to the animal chamber by low-density ceramic fiber insulation of nominal 65 kg/m3. The other end of the chimney shall be sealed to the combustion cell by an H-shaped trough with a small quantity of the same fiber insulation in the trough. 6-3 Smoke Shutter. The smoke shutter shall be made of stain- less steel pla