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1、Copyright American Concrete Institute Provided by IHS under license with ACI Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=listmgr, listmgr Not for Resale, 03/05/2007 03:02:33 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- I A C 1 SP-Lob 8 0bb2749 0003bOL m L. COMPERAPPLCATIONS
2、IN CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY San Antonio 1987 i0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 i0000000000000077777777777ooooooooooooooaooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooc l00000c000007777777777777777000000000000000000000000000000000000000000c i000000000007777777777777777777000U00000000
3、0077770000000000000000000000C 10000000000077777777777777777777000000000007777777700000000000000000000C 10000000000007777777777777777770000000000077777777777000000000000000000 10000000000000077777777777777700a0000000777777777777770000000000000000c I0000000000000000777777777770000000000077777777777777
4、700000000000000000C IOOOOO00000000000007777777700000000000777777777777777000000000000000000 10000000000000000000000000000000000000777777777777770000000000000000000 10000000000000000000000000000000000000077777777777700000000000000000000c 100000000000000000000000000000000000000077777777770000000000000
5、00000000 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000077777770000000000000000000000 10000000000000044444444000000000000000000007777700000000000000000000000L 10000000000004444444444440000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000c 10000000000044444444444400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000c 1
6、0000000000444444444444444000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000c 10000000000444444444444444440000000000000000000000000000000000000000000c 10000000004444444444444444440000000000000000000000000000000000000000000c 10000000000444444444444444400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000C 100000000
7、00044444444444444000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooor 10000000000000044444440000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000r 10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 100000000000000000000000000000
8、00000000000000000000000000000000000000000r 1OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOObbbbbbbOOOOO lOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOObbbbbbbbbbOOO lOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOObbbbbbbbbbbOOOOO lOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
9、OOOOOOOOObbbbbbbbbbbbOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOObbbbbbbbOOOOOOOO 100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a0000000000000 Victor E. Saouma Editor SP-106 e f l m American Concrete Institute, Detroit Copyright American Concrete Institute Provided by IHS
10、 under license with ACI Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=listmgr, listmgr Not for Resale, 03/05/2007 03:02:33 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- A C 1 SP-106 8 W Obb23q9 0003b02 T - _ DISCUSSION of individual papers in this symposium may be submitted in
11、accordance with general requirements of the AC1 Publication Policy to AC1 headquarters at the address given below. Closing date for submission of discussion is December 1, 1 9 8 8 . All dis- cussion approved by the Technical Activities Committee along with closing remarks by the authors will be publ
12、ished in the May-June 1 9 8 9 issue of either AC1 Structural Journal or AC1 Materials Journal depending on the subject emphasis of the individual paper. The Institute is not responsible for the statements or opinions expressed in its publications. able to, nor intended to, supplant individual traini
13、ng, responsi- bility, or judgment of the user, or the supplier, of the informa- tion presented. Institute publications are not The papers in this volume have been reviewed under Institute publication procedures by individuals expert in the subject areas of the papers. Copyright I 9 8 8 AMERICAN CONC
14、RETE INSTITUTE P . O . Box 1 9 1 50, Redford Station Detroit, Michigan 4 8 2 1 9 All rights reserved including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by any means, including the making of copies by any photo process, or by any electronic or mechanical device, printed or written or oral, or re
15、cording for sound or visual reproduction or for use in any knowledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission in writing is obtained from the copyright proprietors. Printed in the United States of America Editorial production: Patricia J. Kost LIBRARY OF CONCRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER 8 8 - 7
16、0 1 4 0 Copyright American Concrete Institute Provided by IHS under license with ACI Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=listmgr, listmgr Not for Resale, 03/05/2007 03:02:33 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- The primary goal of AC1 Committee 118, Use of Co
17、mputers, is to provide a forum for the presentation and dissemination of in- formation pertaining to recent computer related developments which can be of practical use to the engineering community. is accomplished by sponsorship o f technical sessions at the Annual AC1 conventions and at committee m
18、eetings during AC1 conventions. Dissemination is achieved primarily through AC1 special publica- tions, such as this one. Presentation In reporting practical applications, many of the papers re- present a technique or method which has been under investigation for years, and which has finally reached
19、 a degree of maturity which lends it to a practical application. As such, it should come as no surprise if depth coverage gave way to breadth of applications, and if theory is overshadowed by applications. This volume contains the full length papers which were pre- sented at the San Antonio AC1 conv
20、ention in March 1987. Each author is gratefully acknowledged not only for contributing his paper, but also for reviewing another one. Finally, special thanks should be extended to William Price for providing the leadership and guidance which were essential for the success of our committee. Victor E.
21、 Saouma Committee 118 . 111 Copyright American Concrete Institute Provided by IHS under license with ACI Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=listmgr, listmgr Not for Resale, 03/05/2007 03:02:33 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- AC1 Committee 1 1 8 USE OF C
22、OMRJTERS William A. Price Chairman Robert P. Barnett Mohammad A. Bhatti Omar D . Cardona Steven R . Close Benjamin Colucci Roselle Drahushak-Crow Fernando E . Fagundo Fouad H. Fouad Geoffrey Frohnsdorff Thomas E . Gates Shlomo Ginsburg Joseph D . Glikin Ans J . Helou Jorge Hidalgo Jose M. Izquierdo
23、Milind R. Joglekar Milo S. Ketchum David G. Kittridge David B. Lewis James R. Libby A. Murray Lount William E . McDonald Carl P . Meglan Christian Meyer Jose G . Olrneda-Lopez Shriniwas N . Pagay Richard A. Parmelee William W . Payne, Jr. Andrei M. Reinhorn Stephen G. Ridge Victor E . Saouma Sidney
24、H. Simmonds Julian Snyder Roger R . Takacs Michael A. Taylor Terence A. Weigel Thomas H. Wenzel o Copyright American Concrete Institute Provided by IHS under license with ACI Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=listmgr, listmgr Not for Resale, 03/05/2007 03:02:33 MSTNo reproduction or networking
25、 permitted without license from IHS -,-,- CONTENTS PREFACE . i i i COMPUTER ANALYSES OF TIME-DEPENDENT BEHAVIOR OF CONTINUOUS PRECAST PRESTRESSED BRIDGES by J.D. Glikin, S.C. Larson, and R.G. Oesterle 1 SUBSTRUCTURE MODELING OF TWO-WAY SLAB SYSTEMS by M. Hoit, F. Fagundo, and T. Hamilton 25 PREDICTI
26、ON OF SHEAR FAILURE IN CONCRETE STRUCTURES USING NONLINEAR FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS P by R.H. Iding, B. Bresler, and S.P. Dawson . 47 MAINTENANCE AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN EXPERT SYSTEM FOR DURABLE CONCRETE By L.J. Kaetzel and J.R. Clifton .75 AN ELECTRONIC BULLETIN BOARD SYSTEM (BBS) AT THE NATIONAL
27、SOCIETY OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERS by J. Pepper . 87 A PROGRAMMING ENVIRONMENT FOR STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS BASED ON INTERACTIVE COMPUTER GRAPHICS by C.I. Pesquera . 99 COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN TOOLS IN THE CORPS FOR CONCRETE STRUCTURES by N. Radhakrishnan and R.J. Smith . .lo9 RESEARCH IN CO
28、MPUTER AIDED DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO by V.E. Saouma, S. Doshi, M.S. Jones, and E.S. Sikiotis. . .i25 AN AUTOMATIC QUANTITATIVE IMAGE ANALYSIS SYSTEM FOR CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH by D. Shi . I39 A THREE-DIMENS IONAL STAB1 L ITY ANALY S I S/DESIGN ( 3DSAD) COMPU
29、TER PROGRAM FOR CONCRETE MONOLITHIC STRUCTURES by F.T. Tracy. 159 SI (Metric) TABLES 177 I N D E X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 V Copyright American Concrete Institute Provided by IHS under license with ACI Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=listmgr, listmgr Not for Resale, 03/
30、05/2007 03:02:33 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Computer Analyses of Time-Dependent Behavior of Continuous Precast Prestressed Bridges by J.D. Glikin, S.C. Larson, andR.G. Oesterle Synopsis: Design and construction o f bridges composed of simple-span, prete
31、nsioned girders made continuous for composite dead and live loads have become widespread. The design of these structures in the United States has been generally based on the procedure outlined in “Design of Continuous Highway Bridges with Precast, Prestressed Concrete Girders,Il published by the Por
32、tland Cement Association (PCA) in 1969. Although existing bridges designed by this procedure are generally performing well, it is believed that this method may not accurately predict the true behavior of these structures. One of the major uncertainties in the design of these structures is prediction
33、 of positive and negative moments in the cast-in-place connections at the piers. This uncertainty is due to the different loading and construction stages, time- dependent effects, and details used to make the connections. To resolve such uncertainties, Construction Technology Laboratories, Inc. has
34、conducted an analytical study under the sponsorship of the National Cooperative Highway Research Project 12-29. The objective was to develop guidelines for more rational design of the continuity connections. This paper summarizes results of an extensive parametric study to consider the effects of- (
35、1) construction sequence including simple span behavior before and continuous behavior after casting the deck and diaphragms, (2) time-dependent behavior including concrete creep and shrinkage, and steel relaxation, (3) live load applied at any stage of service life, (4) cracking resulting from both
36、 positive and negative moment including Itension stiffened“ stress-strain relationships for reinforcement, and (5) closing of cracks when combined dead load plus time-dependent moments are reversed by application of live loads. Keywords: bridges (structures) ; computer programs; continuity 7structur
37、alI ; cracking (fracturing); creep properties; girders; loads (forces) ; moments; precast concrete; prestressed concrete;. pretensioning ; shrinkage; stress relaxat ion ; structura 1 analysis 1 Copyright American Concrete Institute Provided by IHS under license with ACI Licensee=IHS Employees/111111
38、1001, User=listmgr, listmgr Not for Resale, 03/05/2007 03:02:33 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Joseph D. Glikin is Senior Structural Engineer of Analytical Design Section, Structural Development Department, Construction Technology Laboratories, a Division o
39、f the Portland Cement Association, Skokie, Illinois. Dr. Glikin is the author of about 40 technical papers related to the structural mechanics, computer application, optimal design, inelastic behavior of reinforced concrete, foundations and suspension cable systems. AC1 member Ralph G. Oesterle, is
40、Manager, Analytical Design Section, Structural Development Department, Construction Technology Laboratories, Inc, a Division of Portland Cement Association, Skokie, Illinois. He received his Ph.D from the Northwestern University, Evanston. His research primarily concerns the inelastic behavior of re
41、inforced concrete elements. Steven C. Larson is Engineer, Structural Analytical Section, Structural Engineering Department, Construction Technology Laboratories, Inc., Skokie, Illinois. His work primarily consists of analytical studies and evaluation of reinforced and prestressed concrete structures
42、. INTRODUCTION Bac kciround Application of precast, prestressed girders to bridge construction started in the United States in the early 1950s. Use of pretensioned I-girders with cast-in-place concrete decks grew rapidly. Until the early 1960s, bridges built with pretensioned I-girders and cast-in-p
43、lace concrete deck were designed as simply supported spans. However, longitudinal reinforcement placed in continuous deck slabs above the piers provided negative moment capacity. Therefore, these I-girders could be considered as partially continuous for negative moments at the piers. The degree of c
44、ontinuity depends on the time-dependent effects and the positive and negative moment connection details provided at the piers. In a pretensioned member, prestress will usually cause the member to camber. If the member is simply supported, the ends of the member will tend to rotate, as shown in Fig.
45、l(a). When members are made continuous through the deck and pier diaphragms, the ends of the pretensioned girder are restrained from rotating. As a result, a positive restraint moment, as shown in Fig. l(b) may occur at the pier. Positive moment also occurs at the piers when alternate spans have liv
46、e loads. Reinforcement for positive moment connection is designed for Copyright American Concrete Institute Provided by IHS under license with ACI Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=listmgr, listmgr Not for Resale, 03/05/2007 03:02:33 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license f
47、rom IHS -,-,- Computer Applications 3 the summation of positive moment due to time-dependent effects and live load application. Construction of the positive moment connection detail is generally expensive and time consuming. In 1961, the Portland Cement Association (PCA) conducted an experimental re
48、search program on this type of bridge (1). The research program studied the influences of creep in the precast girders and differential shrinkage between the precast girders and the cast-in-place deck slab on continuity behavior after an extended period of time, As a result of these studies, procedures were developed for design of the positive moment connection and the negative moment reinforcement over supporting piers (2). There are several uncertainties associated with the PCA proce