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1、American National Standard Developed by for Information Technology Card Durability / Service Life ANSI INCITS 440-2008 ANSI INCITS 440-2008 Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Licensee=HP Monitoring/1111111164 Not for Resale, 01/30/2009 02:18:28 MS
2、TNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Licensee=HP Monitoring/1111111164 Not for Resale, 01/30/2009 02:18:28 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,
3、-,- ANSI INCITS 440-2008 American National Standard for Information Technology Card Durability / Service Life Secretariat Information Technology Industry Council Approved August 19, 2008 American National Standards Institute, Inc. Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under
4、 license with ANSI Licensee=HP Monitoring/1111111164 Not for Resale, 01/30/2009 02:18:28 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Approval of an American National Standard requires review by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria fo
5、r approval have been met by the standards developer. Consensus is established when, in the judgement of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not nece
6、ssarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made towards their resolution. The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standa
7、rds or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no
8、 person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard. CAUTIO
9、N NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current infor
10、mation on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. American National Standard Published by American National Standards Institute, Inc. 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036 Copyright 2008 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI) All rights reserved. No
11、 part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC 20005. Printed in the United States of America CAUTION: The developers of this standard have requested that holders of
12、patents that may be required for the implementation of the standard disclose such patents to the publisher. However, neither the developers nor the publisher have undertaken a patent search in order to identify which, if any, patents may apply to this standard. As of the date of publication of this
13、standard and following calls for the identification of patents that may be required for the implementation of the standard, no such claims have been made. No further patent search is conducted by the de- veloper or publisher in respect to any standard it processes. No representation is made or impli
14、ed that licenses are not required to avoid infringement in the use of this standard. Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Licensee=HP Monitoring/1111111164 Not for Resale, 01/30/2009 02:18:28 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without licens
15、e from IHS -,-,- i Contents Page Forewordii 1Scope . 1 2Normative References 1 3Definitions. 2 4Card Durability Category Profile. 3 5Durability Requirements - Card Body. 6 6Durability Requirements - Cards with Surface Printing/Security Features. 7 7Durability Requirements - Cards with Machine Readab
16、le Features. 8 Annex ABibliography 9 Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Licensee=HP Monitoring/1111111164 Not for Resale, 01/30/2009 02:18:28 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ii Foreword(This foreword is no
17、t part of American National Standard ANSI INCITS 440-2008.) The purpose of this Card Durability/Service Life Standard is to provide a uniform means of predicting the service life of an ID card for a specific application. This standard is used to determine the suitability of a card for a particular a
18、pplication. INCITS subcommittee B10.3 on Card Durability/Service Life has established the fol- lowing multi-phase mission statement for generating this standard: Phase I:To identify card failure mechanisms and to simulate the mechanisms by accelerated test techniques. Phase II:To determine a methodo
19、logy that can predict the service life of a card construction. Phase III:To create a card durability/performance report, guideline or require- ment for a range of card applications. This standard was developed by Technical Group B10 of Accredited Standards Com- mittee INCITS during 2000 - 2006. The
20、standards approval process started in 2006. This document includes annexes that are informative and are not considered part of the standard. This document also contains “NOTES“ which are intended to provide helpful information to the reader but are not considered part of the test method re- quiremen
21、t. (See ISO/IEC JTC 1 Directives - Part 3 Drafting and Presentation for the use of NOTES.) Requests for interpretation, suggestions for improvement or addenda, or defect re- ports are welcome. They should be sent to the InterNational Committee for Informa- tion Technology Standards (INCITS), ITI, 12
22、50 Eye Street, NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20005. This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by INCITS. Com- mittee approval of this standard does not necessarily imply that all committee mem- bers voted for its approval. At the time it approved this standard, INCITS had the fo
23、llowing members: Karen Higginbottom, Chair Jennifer Garner, Secretary Organization Represented Name of Representative Adobe Systems, Inc. Steve Zilles Scott Foshee (Alt.) AIM Global Dan Mullen Charles Biss (Alt.) Apple Computer, Inc. David Michael Distributed Managment Task Force . Tony DiCenzo Elec
24、tronic Industries Alliance . Edward Mikoski, Jr. EMC Corporation Gary Robinson Farance, Inc. Frank Farance Timothy Schoechle (Alt.) Google Zaheda Bhorat GS1 US Ray Delnicki Frank Sharkey (Alt.) James Chronowski (Alt.) Mary Wilson (Alt.) Hewlett-Packard Company. Karen Higginbottom Steve Mills (Alt.)
25、Scott Jameson (Alt.) Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Licensee=HP Monitoring/1111111164 Not for Resale, 01/30/2009 02:18:28 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- iii Organization RepresentedName of Representat
26、ive IBM CorporationRonald F. Silletti Robert Weir (Alt.) Sandy Block (Alt.) Richard Schwerdtfeger (Alt.) IEEEJudith Gorman Terry DeCourcelle (Alt.) Bill Ash (Alt.) Jodi Haasz (Alt.) Bob Labelle (Alt.) Susan Tatiner (Alt.) Intel .Philip Wennblom Dave Thewlis (Alt.) Grace Wei (Alt.) Lexmark Internatio
27、nalDon Wright Dwight Lewis (Alt.) Paul Menard (Alt.) Microsoft CorporationJim Hughes Dave Welsh (Alt.) Isabelle Valet-Harper (Alt.) National Institute of Standards access control; credit and bank cards; and student, government and military ID cards. This standard is to be used by card end users, car
28、d issuers, card manufacturers, card component suppliers, and card personalization equipment manufacturers to make predictive comparisons of performance of ID cards. This standard should be useful for comparing the relative durability of newly issued cards and to predict service life. Failure to conf
29、orm to specified criteria noted within this document shall be negotiated between the involved parties. 2 Normative References The following references contain provisions that constitute provisions of this American National Standard. All references are subject to revision and interested parties are e
30、ncouraged to investigate the most recent editions of the references listed below. Copies of the following documents can be obtained from ANSI: approved ANSI standards, approved and draft international standards (ISO, IEC), and approved foreign standards (including JIS and DIN). For further informati
31、on, contact ANSI Customer Service Department at 212-642-4900 (phone), 212-302-1286 (fax) or via the World Wide Web at http:/www.ansi.org. Additional availability contact information is provided below as needed. Document Title Clause Referenced ANSI INCITS 322-2002 Card Durability Test Methods 3 ISO/
32、IEC 7810: 2003 Identification cards - Physical characteristics 3 1 Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Licensee=HP Monitoring/1111111164 Not for Resale, 01/30/2009 02:18:28 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- A
33、NSI INCITS 440-2008 3 Definitions (Glossary of terms) For the purpose of this Standard, the terms and definitions given in ANSI INCITS 322-2002, ISO/IEC 7810 and the following apply. 3.1 Card Durability: The capacity of maintaining the serviceability of a card over a specified period of time, exclud
34、ing abused card 3.2 Card Durability Category: A grouping of 5 card categories, numbered D1 through D5, with D5 being most durable. 3.3 Card Failure: The point in time at which a card no longer functions at its minimum accepted value. 3.4 Card Fracture: A crack or break in the card in which the depth
35、 appears to be at least 1/3 of the card thickness. 3.5 Degradation: A deterioration of properties. 3.6 ID-1 Card: The size of a card specified in ISO/IEC 7810. 3.7 Structural Integrity: The ability of a card to resist delamination, chipping, cracking, and warping, etc. 3.8 Test Repeatability: The va
36、riability between independent test results, gathered from within a single laboratory, otherwise known as intra-laboratory testing. 3.9 Test Reproducibility: The variability among single test results, gathered from different laboratories, otherwise known as inter-laboratory testing. 2 Copyright Ameri
37、can National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Licensee=HP Monitoring/1111111164 Not for Resale, 01/30/2009 02:18:28 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ANSI INCITS 440-2008 3 4 Card Durability Category Profile There are many factors th
38、at influence how durable a card structure needs to be for reliable service. The major influencing factors are: Redundancy: ability to complete the transaction by an alternative method or card, e.g., a second credit card if the first is rejected Necessity or Importance: how important is the transacti
39、on, e.g., checking out a library book compared to passing through airport security Replacement: how inconvenient or complex is the process to replace the card, e.g., renewing a library card on site or resubmitting a license or passport application Usage: How often does the cardholder remove the card
40、 from storage and use the card (handle the card)? A frequently used card will need greater durability. Expected Card Life: The longer a card is expected to be in service, the greater its durability. Allowable Annual Card Returns: The lower the allowable return rate, the greater the card durability.
41、Since card durability is related to all of the above factors, the Card Durability Category Profile (table 1) was developed. This table allows a card issuer to input the factors that will influence card life. Once all the factors are taken into consideration, a card durability category can be determi
42、ned. Once the card issuer knows the durability category needed for their application, they can look up the appropriate tests and criteria that are needed for the cards. Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Licensee=HP Monitoring/1111111164 Not for R
43、esale, 01/30/2009 02:18:28 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ANSI INCITS 440-2008 4 Table 1 Proposed Card Durability Category Profile USAGE 25 points REDUNDANCY 10 points NECESSITY 10 points REPLACEMENT 5 points EXPECTED CARD LIFE 25 points ALLOWABLE ANNUAL CA
44、RD RETURNS 25 points Wgt Description Wgt Description Wgt Description Wgt Description Wgt Description Wgt Description 0.0 Annual ( 1000 per yr) 1.0 Greater than 6 years 0.8 0.25 0.5 percent per year 1.0 Less than 0.25% per year CATEGORY D1 0 X 20 CATEGORY D2 20 80 Copyright American National Standard
45、s Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Licensee=HP Monitoring/1111111164 Not for Resale, 01/30/2009 02:18:28 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ANSI INCITS 440-2008 5 Table 2 was made to provide an example that illustrates the use of the Card Durab
46、ility Category for five different card types. The results are in agreement with the durability needs of the card types examined. Table 2 Card Durability Category for Five Different Card Types Library card Gift card Credit Card Student Campus Card Drivers License Usage (0.2 0.5) x 25 (0.0) x 25 (0.5
47、- 0.8) x 25 (0.8 1.0) x 25 (0.2 - 0.5) x 25 Redundancy (0.0) x 10 (0.5 -1.0) x 10 (0.5) x 10 (0.5 1.0) x 10 (1.0) x 10 Necessity (0.0) x 10 (0.0) x 10 (0.5) x 10 (0.5 - 1.0) x 10 (1.0) x 10 Replacement (0.0) x 5 (0.5) x 5 (0.5) x 5 (0.5) x 5 (1.0) x 5 Expected card life (0.0) x 25 (0.0) x 25 (0.4) x
48、 25 (0.4 0.8) x 25 (0.8 1.0)x 25 Allowable annual card returns (0.0) x 25 (0.2 0.5) x 25 (0.2 - 0.8) x 25 (0.1 0.2) x 25 (0.5 1.0)x 25 Total 5 12.5 12.5 25 40 62.5 45 72.5 62.5 87.5 Resulting Durability Category D1 D1 D2 D3 D4 D3 D4 D4 D5 It should also be noted that there could be several Card Durability Categories for the same card. A credit card issuer will probably accept