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1、 AS 28552004 Australian Standard Paints and related materials Micaceous iron oxide pigment AS 2855 Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 20 May 2008 This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee CH-003, Paints and Related Materials. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards A
2、ustralia on 16 April 2004 and published on 17 May 2004. The following are represented on Committee CH-003: AUSTROADS Australian Paint Approval Scheme Australian Paint Manufacturers Federation Building Research Association of New Zealand Business New Zealand Institution of Professional Engineers New
3、Zealand Master Painters Australia Master Painters New Zealand Association National Association of Testing Authorities Australia New Zealand Abrasive Blasting Association Surface Coatings Association Australia Telstra Corporation Water Corporation Western Australia Keeping Standards up-to-date Standa
4、rds are living documents which reflect progress in science, technology and systems. To maintain their currency, all Standards are periodically reviewed, and new editions are published. Between editions, amendments may be issued. Standards may also be withdrawn. It is important that readers assure th
5、emselves they are using a current Standard, which should include any amendments which may have been published since the Standard was purchased. Detailed information about Standards can be found by visiting the Standards Web Shop at .au and looking up the relevant Standard in the on-line catalogue. A
6、lternatively, the printed Catalogue provides information current at 1 January each year, and the monthly magazine, The Global Standard, has a full listing of revisions and amendments published each month. Australian StandardsTM and other products and services developed by Standards Australia are pub
7、lished and distributed under contract by SAI Global, which operates the Standards Web Shop. We also welcome suggestions for improvement in our Standards, and especially encourage readers to notify us immediately of any apparent inaccuracies or ambiguities. Contact us via email at mailstandards.org.a
8、u, or write to the Chief Executive, Standards Australia International Ltd, GPO Box 5420, Sydney, NSW 2001. Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 20 May 2008 AS 28552004 Australian Standard Paints and related materials Micaceous iron oxide pigment Originated as AS 28551986. Second edition 2004
9、. COPYRIGHT Standards Australia International All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written permission of the publisher. Published by Standards Australia International Ltd G
10、PO Box 5420, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia ISBN 0 7337 5984 X Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 20 May 2008 AS 28552004 2 PREFACE This Standard was prepared by the Standards Australia Committee CH-003, Paints and Related Materials, to supersede AS 28551986. The Standard is republished witho
11、ut technical alterations. Methods of test have been referred to or drawn from relevant Australian Standards where they exist. Otherwise, they consist of adaptations of the ISO methods referred to in ISO 1248Iron Oxide Pigments for Paints, modified to only a minor extent in the technical sense. For p
12、urposes of future reference these ISO standards comprised the following: ISO 787 General Methods of Test for Pigments and Extenders Part 2: Determination of Matter Volatile at 105C Part 3: Determination of Matter Soluble in WaterHot Extraction Method Part 4: Determination of Acidity or Alkalinity of
13、 the Aqueous Extract Part 7: Determination of Residue on SieveWater MethodManual Procedure Part 10: Determination of DensityPyknometer Method Part 13: Determination of Water-soluble Sulphates, Chlorides and Nitrates The terms normative and informative have been used in this Standard to define the ap
14、plication of the appendix to which they apply. A normative appendix is an integral part of a Standard, whereas an informative appendix is only for information and guidance. Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 20 May 2008 3 AS 28552004 CONTENTS Page FOREWORD4 1 SCOPE5 2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS5
15、 3 PROPERTIES.5 4 FORM.5 5 PACKAGING AND LABELLING.5 APPENDICES A DETERMINATION OF TOTAL IRON CONTENT EXPRESSED AS IRON(III) OXIDE 9 B DETERMINATION OF MATTER SOLUBLE IN WATERHOT EXTRACTION METHOD 12 C DETERMINATION OF WATER-SOLUBLE SULPHATES AND CHLORIDES 15 D DETERMINATION OF MATTER VOLATILE AT 10
16、5C 18 E DETERMINATION OF THE pH OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF PIGMENTS . 20 F DETERMINATION OF LOSS ON IGNITION. 25 G DETERMINATION OF RESIDUE ON SIEVE. 27 H DETERMINATION OF DENSITYPYKNOMETRIC METHODS . 30 Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 20 May 2008 AS 28552004 4 FOREWORD Micaceous iron oxide
17、 (MIO), also known as specular haematite, is a refined mineral ore consisting essentially of iron (III) oxide (Fe2O3). It is grey with a metallic sheen. The term micaceous stems from the similarity between the structure of the particles and the crystalline structure of mica. Depending on the locatio
18、n of the ore deposits, MIO may differ considerably in purity, size and shape. The distinguishing feature of MIO is the tabular crystalline structure which can be easily fractured to give very thin platelets or lamellar fragments. When used as a pigment in paint, these thin platelets generally orient
19、ate themselves in overlapping layers with their thinnest cross-sections parallel to the coated substrate. This orientation produces an increase in resistance to water permeation through the paint film, reduces ultraviolet degradation of the vehicle and provides mechanical reinforcement to the paint
20、film. MIO pigmented paints have been widely and successfully used for many years to provide protection to steel from corrosion and long-term resistance to outdoor weathering. Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 20 May 2008 5 AS 28552004 .au Standards Australia STANDARDS AUSTRALIA Australian
21、 Standard Paints and related materialsMicaceous iron oxide pigment 1 SCOPE This Standard specifies requirements for micaceous iron oxide pigment (MIO) used primarily in paints for imparting corrosion resistance and long term durability to steel. 2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS The following documents are ref
22、erred to in this Standard: AS 2162 Verification and use of volumetric apparatus 2162.1 Part 1:GeneralVolumetric glassware 2831 ThermometersSolid stemLong and shortFor precision use AS/NZS 1580 Paints and related materialsMethods of test 1580.101.4 Part 101.4: Conditions of testTemperature control 3
23、PROPERTIES The properties of a representative sample of MIO shall be in accordance with specifications contained in Table 1. 4 FORM 4.1 General The form (i.e., structure, shape and size) of a representative sample of micaceous iron oxide shall be that of a grey iron oxide with a metallic sheen and o
24、f an essentially laminar nature complying with the requirements of Clauses 4.2 and 4.3. 4.2 Structure When a test portion of the pigment is viewed under a scanning electron microscope using a magnification of about 250, the structure of the particles shall correspond to the typical lamellar structur
25、e shown in Figure 1. It shall not correspond to the amorphous granular structure illustrated in Figure 2. 4.3 Shape, size and colour When a test portion of the pigment is viewed by means of an optical microscope using a magnification of about 200 and transmitted light, the particles shall be seen to
26、 consist of sharply defined, angular, ruby red crystals with clearly defined fracture planes as shown in Figure 3. The particles shall not correspond to those illustrated in Figure 4. 5 PACKAGING AND LABELLING 5.1 Packaging The MIO shall be supplied in sound, sealed packages, and shall exhibit no da
27、mage by moisture or other agents. Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 20 May 2008 AS 28552004 6 Standards Australia .au 5.2 Labelling The following information shall be legibly and durably marked on each package or container or on a label securely affixed thereto: (a) Name or registered mar
28、k of the manufacturer/supplier. (b) Identification and/or description of the contents. (c) Origin of contents including the name of the Australian agent(s) or distributor(s), if the MIO is imported. (d) Mass of the contents, in kilograms. (e) Information required by any appropriate statutory authori
29、ty. NOTE: Manufacturers who place the number of this Australian standard on MIO containers, on packaging or on literature related thereto should ensure that the product is manufactured to comply with the Standard. TABLE 1 PROPERTIES OF ACCEPTABLE MIO Property Required values Test method Iron content
30、, as Fe2O3 85% (m/m) Appendix A Water-soluble matter 0.5% (m/m) Appendix B Water-soluble chlorides and sulphates, as (Cl + SO42) 0.1% (m/m) Appendix C Matter volatile at 105C 1%( m/m) Appendix D pH of aqueous extract 6.5, 8.0 Appendix E Loss on ignition at 1000C (see also Paragraph F1) 1.5% (m/m) Ap
31、pendix F Residue on 106 m sieve 0.1% (m/m) Appendix G Density at 25 1C 4700 kg/m3 Appendix H* * Refer also to NOTE of Paragraph H1 of Appendix H. Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 20 May 2008 7 AS 28552004 .au Standards Australia FIGURE 1 TYPICAL LAMELLAR STRUCTURE FIGURE 2 TYPICAL GRANUL
32、AR OR AMORPHOUS STRUCTURE Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 20 May 2008 AS 28552004 8 Standards Australia .au FIGURE 3 SHAPE AND SIZEACCEPTABLE CHARACTERISTICS FIGURE 4 SHAPE AND SIZEUNACCEPTABLE CHARACTERISTICS Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 20 May 2008 9 AS 28552004 .au St
33、andards Australia APPENDIX A DETERMINATION OF TOTAL IRON CONTENT EXPRESSED AS IRON(III) OXIDE (Normative) A1 SCOPE This Appendix describes a titrimetric method for the determination of total iron content in natural iron oxide pigments, expressed as iron(III) oxide. A2 PRINCIPLE The test sample is so
34、lubilized with hot hydrochloric acid solution aided by the controlled addition of small amounts of tin(II) chloride solution. The solution is then diluted, heated until simmering and the soluble iron completely reduced to the Fe2+ state with more tin(II) chloride. After removal of excess tin(II) rea
35、gent with saturated mercury(II) chloride, the iron(II) content is determined titrimetrically with potassium dichromate solution using diphenylamine as an end-point enhancer in the presence of a sulphuric/phosphoric acid mixture. The titration reaction, used for stoichiometric purposes, is as follows
36、: O7H2CrF6OCrH14Fe6 2 3 (aq) 3 (aq) 2 7(aq)2(aq) 2 (aq) += + A3 REAGENTS NOTE: All reagents shall be of analytical grade, and distilled or demineralized water shall be used throughout the analysis. A3.1 Ammonium thiocyanate solution (170 g/L) A3.2 Diphenylamine, sulphuric acid solution Carefully dis
37、solve 1 g of barium diphenylaminesulphonate in 100 mL of sulphuric acid (201840 kg/m3). A3.3 Hydrochloric acid (201180 kg/m3) A3.4 Mercury(II) chloride solution, saturated A3.5 Potassium chlorate, solid A3.6 Potassium dichromate solution (0.01667 mol/L) Dry about 10 g K2Cr2O7 to constant mass at 150
38、C. Weigh out between 4.903 g and 4.905 g and dissolve quantitatively in a minimum of water in a 1 L volumetric flask. Make up to the mark with water and mix thoroughly. A3.7 Potassium permanganate solution (approx. 0.02 mol/L) Weigh approximately 0.3 g of KMnO4 into a clean 100 mL beaker and dissolv
39、e in 50 60 mL water. Filter through a sintered glass funnel or simply, through a glass funnel plugged with glass wool, into a 100 mL brown, covered or dark-coloured glass stock bottle and make up to capacity with distilled water, mixing thoroughly. A3.8 Sulphuric acid/phosphoric acid mixture Careful
40、ly add, with stirring, 150 mL sulphuric acid (201840 kg/m3) to 150 mL phosphoric acid (201700 kg/m3). Add the mixture cautiously in small amounts to 600700 mL of water in a 2 L beaker with stirring. After allowing to cool, dilute to 1 L. Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 20 May 2008 AS 28
41、552004 10 Standards Australia .au CAUTION: Great care must always be taken when diluting concentrated acids, as the heat generated by improper mixing procedures may be sufficient to cause local boiling, resulting in the spitting of hot acid droplets. The recommended safe procedure is to always add t
42、he acid, in small amounts, to the water with stirring preferably using a magnetic stirrer. Safety goggles or the equivalent must always be worn. A3.9 Tin(II) chloride solution (100 g/L) Carefully dissolve 50 g of SnCl2.2H2O in 300 mL of hydrochloric acid (Paragraph A3.3) and dilute to 500 mL with wa
43、ter (see CAUTION to Paragraph A3.8). Store solution in a hermetically sealed flask containing a few grams of metallic tin. A4 APPARATUS AS Grade A laboratory glassware used in accordance with AS 2162.1. A5 TEST SAMPLE A5.1 Pretreatment Unless otherwise specified, dry approximately 10 g of bulk mater
44、ial, to constant mass at 105C and subsequently store in a desiccator until required. If the sample is known or suspected to contain organic matter, heat it in a porcelain crucible until it reaches a dark red colour, before commencing the test procedure (Paragraph A6). A5.2 Sample size The mass of te
45、st sample used per titration depends upon the quantity of total iron present in the sample. As a guide, it is recommended that 0.3 g of sample be used if the total iron oxide content is above 95% m/m. For expected iron oxide contents below this amount, the sample size should be proportionately incre
46、ased relative to this value. A6 PROCEDURE The procedure for analysis shall be as follows: (a) Weigh out the estimated amount of test sample (see Paragraph A5.2) to the nearest 0.0001 g and transfer quantitatively to a 400 mL beaker. (b) Add 60 mL of hydrochloric acid (Paragraph A3.3) and 0.5 g potas
47、sium chlorate (Paragraph A3.5). Cover the beaker with a watch-glass and heat at 8090C until all dark particles in the insoluble residue disappear. (c) Add in, dropwise fashion, with stirring, some of the tin(II) chloride solution (Paragraph A3.9) during the heating process but avoid adding amounts w
48、hich result in the complete removal of colour from the solution. NOTE: If too much tin(II) chloride solution has been added in error, add some potassium permanganate to the solution until a yellow colour appears. Then add tin(II) chloride solution, drop by drop, until the yellow colour disappears, s
49、ubsequently adding one or two drops in excess. (d) Proceed to Step (e) when the residue has become almost colourless. NOTE: If a black insoluble residue remains, filter this residue and fuse it with sodium or potassium carbonate in a platinum crucible. Then extract with hydrochloric acid (Paragraph A3.3) and add the extract to the filtrat