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1、ANSI/AWWA B200-03 (Revision of ANSI/AWWA B200-98) American Water Works Association The Authoritative Resource for Safe Drinking WatersM A W A Standard Sodium Chloride - 1 i r n American National Slandards Institute Effective date: Oct. 1 , 2003. First edition pending by AWWA Board of Directors July
2、6, 1949. This edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors Jan. 19, 2003. Approved by American National Standards Institute July 23, 2003. 6666 West Quincy Avenue Denver, CO 80235-3098 T 1.800.926.7337 www. awwa. org Advocacy Communications Conferences Education and Training Science and Technology Se
3、ctions Copyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/21/2007 03:26:39 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- This document is an American Water Works Associ
4、ation (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification. AWWA standards describe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and administrative information normally contained in specifications. The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be evaluated by the user of the standard.
5、 Until each optional feature is specified by the user, the product or service is not fully defined. AWWA publication of a standard does not constitute endorsement of any product or product type, nor does AWWA test, certify, or approve any product. The use of AWWA standards is entirely voluntary. AWW
6、A standards are intended to represent a consensus of the water supply industry that the product described will provide satisfactory service. When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an official notice of action will be placed on the first page of the classified advertising section of Journal AW
7、WA. The action becomes effective on the first day of the month following the month of Journal AWWA publication of the official notice. American National Standard An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American National Sta
8、ndard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether that person has approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, proc
9、esses, or procedures not conforming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic review, and users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions. Producers of goods made in conformity with an American National Standard are encouraged to state on their own responsibility in adve
10、rtising and promotional materials or on tags or labels that the goods are produced in conformity with particular American National Standards. CAUTION NOTICE: The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approval date on the front cover of this standard indicates completion of the ANSI approval p
11、rocess. This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. ANSI procedures require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of publication. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current informatio
12、n on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute, 25 W. 43rd St., Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036; (212) 642-4900. Science and Technology AWWA unites the drinking water community by developing and distributing authoritative scientific and technological knowledge. T
13、hrough its members, AWWA develops industry standards for products and processes that advance public health and safety. AWWA also provides quality improvement programs for water and wastewater utilities. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or
14、by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval system, except in the form of brief excerpts or quotations for review purposes, without the written permission of the publisher. Copyright O 2003 by American Water Works Association Printed in USA
15、 II Copyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/21/2007 03:26:39 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Committee Personnel The AWWA Standards Committee o
16、n Ion Exchange, which reviewed and approved this standard, had the following personnel at the time of approval: Steven J. Medlar, Chair Juan J. Menendez, Vice-Chair Consu mer Members W.D. Keene, Burlington Department of Public Works, Burlington, Mass. General Interest Members J.J. Gemin, Earth Tech
17、(Canada), Kitchener, Ont. Ronald Green, Watertrax, Inc., Vancouver, B.C. C.J. Martin, Boyle Engineering Corporation, Bakersfield, Calif. T. J. McCandless,* Standards Engineer Liaison, A W A , Denver, Colo. S.J. Medlar, Camp Dresser vacuum-granulated and compressed vacuum-granulated salt, 99.5 percen
18、t; or solar and compressed solar salt, 98 percent. 4.2.2 pH of solution. The solution formed by dissolving 10 g of the salt in 190 mL distilled water to make a 5 percent solution shall have a pH value greater than 5 and less than 9.5. Sec. 4.3. Impurities 4.3.1 General impurities. The sodium chlorid
19、e shall contain no substances in quantities capable of producing deleterious or injurious effects on the health of those consuming the water treated by a material that has been properly regenerated with sodium chloride. The specified sodium chloride shall contain no contaminants that would cause tre
20、ated water to fail to meet the requirements of the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) drinking water regulations. In addition, the sodium chloride shall contain no constituents that, if released into treated water after regeneration and rinsing, will impair the usefulness of the water for do
21、mestic consumption. 4.3.2 Speczfic impurity limits. The sodium chloride shall not exceed the maximum impurity limits listed in Table 1. Table 1 Maximum impurity limits Maximum Limit-percent by weight Compressed . Vacuum- Vacuum- Compressed Rock Granulated Granulated Solar Solar Salt Salt Salt Salt S
22、alt Moisture 3.00 0.20 0.50 3.00 0.50 Dry Basis Water-soluble impurities Calcium and magnesium (Ca and Mg) 1.50 0.15 0.15 0.60 0.60 Sulfate (Soa) 3.00 0.35 0.35 1.40 1.40 Water-insoluble impurities 2.00 0.05 0.05 0.15 0.15 Total impurities (soluble + insoluble) 4.00 0.50 0.50 2.00 2.00 Grease, fat,
23、or oil 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.01 0.01 0.01 Copyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/21/2007 03:26:39 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- SODIUM CHLORIDE 5 SE
24、CTION 5: VERIFICATION Sec. 5.1 Inspection If desired by the purchaser, the shipment shall be inspected at the point of destination for evidence of foreign matter, such as dirt, fibers, lint, chips, or trash, which would be detrimental to the use of the salt. Sec. 5.2 Sampling If an inspection is per
25、formed as specified in Sec. 5.1 and the shipment passes the inspection, sampling shall be as specified in this section. 5.2.1 Sampling. 5.2.2 Number ufpackages. Samples shall be taken at the point of destination. If the material is packaged, not less than 5 percent of the packages shall be sampled.
26、No sample shall be taken from a broken package. 5.2.3 Bulk shipments. When delivered in bulk, the samples shall be repre- sentative of all parts of the bulk loads and shall not contain a disproportionate share of the top or bottom layers. Coarse material taken from bulk loads shall comprise at least
27、 10 shovelfuls from different parts of the load, and the total material shall weigh not less than 100 lb (45 kg). The material shall be mixed and divided to make a sample of approximately 10 lb (4.5 kg) and handled as described in Sec. 5.2.5. 5.2.4 Device. Finely divided material, whether in bulk or
28、 packages, may be sampled using a sampling tube that is at least % in. (19 mm) in diameter. Special precautions shall be used to avoid taking a disproportionate amount of the sample from the top or the bottom layers of the material. If the sodium chloride is handled by conveyor or elevator, a mechan
29、ical sampling arrangement may be used. 5.2.5 Handling. The gross sample, weighing at least 10 lb (4.5 kg), shall be thoroughly mixed and split to provide three 500-g material samples. Each material sample shall be sealed in an airtight, moisture-proof glass or plastic container. Each sample containe
30、r shall be labeled to identib it, and the label shall be signed by the sampler. 5.2.6 Test samples. One of the 500-g material samples (Sec. 5.2.5) shall be designated as the test sample for use by the purchaser. The two remaining material samples shall be retained for use according to Sec. 5.13, if
31、necessary. Material samples shall be unsealed only when necessary to remove quantities of the material for testing. Copyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/21/2007 03:26:39 MDTNo reprod
32、uction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 6 AWWA 8200-03 Immediately before testing, the particles of the 500-g teit sample may be reduced by mechanical grinding or by hand in a mortar to such size that all of it passes a No. 8 sieve. Samples selected for testing should be weighe
33、d rapidly to avoid changes in moisture content. 5.2.6.1 1. 2. Rock, solar, and compressed solar salt. Obtain a dry sample (use procedure in Sec. 5.4.1). Mix well and weigh out a 25-g representative portion of rock salt or a 50-g representative portion of solar or compressed solar salt. 3. Place 200
34、mL of distilled water in a two-speed blender and start at low speed. 4. Slowly add salt to blender and then blend for 5 min at high speed with cover in place. 5. 6. Test for water insolubles (see Sec. 5.5.1). Save filtrate from water-insoluble test, dilute in a volumetric flask to a 1 -L stock solut
35、ion for subsequent analyses. 5.2.6.2 1. 2. 3. 4. Vacuum-granulated and compressed vacuum-granulated salt. Obtain a dry sample (use procedure in Sec. 5.4.1). Transfer 100-g sample to a l-L volumetric flask. Add 800 mL of distilled water and dissolve the salt. Add 2 mL of concentrated hydrochloric aci
36、d (HC1) to solubilize water-insol- uble calcium salts, particularly calcium carbonate (Caco,). 5. Dilute to volume and mix to make stock solution for subsequent analyses. Sec. 5.3 Test Procedures-General Sampling shall be conducted according to Sec. 5.2 of this standard. The purchaser shall complete
37、 the laboratory examination of the sample within five working days after the shipment is received. Methods of testing sodium chloride shall conform to the procedures presented in the following sections. Alternative procedures shall only be used with the written approval of the purchaser. In any case
38、 of conflict, the methods of this standard shall prevail. Sec. 5.4 Moisture 5.4.1 Procedure. Copyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/21/2007 03:26:39 MDTNo reproduction or networking pe
39、rmitted without license from IHS -,-,- SODIUM CHLORIDE 7 1. Weigh (to the nearest 0.01 g) 50 g of rock or solar salt, or 100 g (to the nearest 0.0 1 g) of vacuum-granulated, compressed vacuum-granulated, or compressed solar salt, in an as-received condition, into a previously dried and tared moistur
40、e dish. Place in an oven at 110C. After 2 hr, remove to a desiccator; cool and 2. weigh. Repeat until constant weight is obtained. 5.4.2 Calculation. Sec. 5.5 Insoluble Matter 5.5.1 1. Procedure for rock, solac and compressed solar salts. Transfer a 200-mL prepared sample from Sec. 5.2.6.1(6) to a 1
41、-L Erlenmeyer flask. Wash blender with 100 mL of distilled water. Add blender wash and 300 mL of distilled water to flask to obtain a total of 600 mL of water. 2. Stir on a magnetic stirrer for 1 hr. Adjust the stirrer speed to give maximum agitation without losing any sample as a result of splashin
42、g. Place beaker over top of flask while stirring. 3. Filter through a Gooch crucible and quantitatively recover insolubles on a previously dried (1 10C for 1 hr) and weighed (analytical balance) glass-fiber filter paper or equivalent. Wash until free of chlorides as determined by testing small porti
43、ons of filtrate with approximately NI 1 O silver nitrate (AgN03). Filtrate tested should be disposed of separately, without combining with the total filtrate. 4. 5. 6. 7. 5.5.2 1. 2. Dilute filtrate and washings to 1 L in volumetric flask. Dry the glass-fiber filter paper at 110C for 1 hr. Cool in a
44、 desiccator and weigh on an analytical balance. Save the filtrate for subsequent analytical procedures. Procedure for vacuum-ganuhted and compressed vacuum-ganuhted salt. Place 100 g of the sample in a beaker and add 750 mL of distilled water. Agitate with mechanical stirrer until the solution is co
45、mplete. Filter through a Gooch crucible and quantitatively recover insolubles on a previously dried (i 10C for 1 hr) and weighed (analytical balance) glass-fiber filter paper or equivalent. Wash until free of chlorides as determined by testing small portions of Copyright American Water Works Associa
46、tion Provided by IHS under license with AWWA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/21/2007 03:26:39 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 8 AWWA B200-03 filtrate with approximately N/10 silver nitrate (AgN03). The filtrate tested
47、should be disposed of separately, without combining with the total filtrate. 3. 4. 5. Dry the glass-fiber filter paper at 110C for 1 hr. Cool in a desiccator and weigh on an analytical balance. Dilute the filtrate to 1 L and save the filtrate for subsequent analytical procedures. 5.5.3. Calculation.
48、 increase in weight of filter paper x 100 grams of sample = percent of insoluble matter (dry basis) Sec. 5.6 Calcium The test procedure for calcium uses the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) titrimetric method. 5.6.1 Reagents. 1. Sodium hydroxide solution, IN. Dissolve 40 g NaOH and dilute to I
49、 L with distilled water. 2. Ammonium purpurate indicator. A ground mixture of the dry powder and sodium chloride provides a stable form of indicator. Mix 0.20 g ammonium purpurate (murexide) with 100 g of reagent-grade NaC1 and grind the mixture to pass a No. 40 to No. 50 sieve. 3. EDTA titrant, 0.01OOM. Dissolve 3.72 g of the reagent