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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 185-13: 1972 Glossary of Aeronautical and astronautical terms Section 13: Air-traffic and ground services UDC 001.4:629.7:629.7.08:656.7 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 03:26:56 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 185-13:1972 This British Standard
2、, having been approved by the Aerospace Industry Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Executive Board of the Institution on 14 August 1972 BSI 11-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference ACE/1 Draft for comment 70/35348 ISBN
3、0580 07385 8 A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This docume
4、nt comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 9 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication
5、 Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 03:26:56 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 185-13:1972 BSI 11-1999i Contents Page Sub-section 131. General1 Sub-section 132. Air-traffic control2 Sub-section 133. Ground services6 Sub-section 133. Naval terms9 L
6、icensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 03:26:56 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ii blank Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 03:26:56 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 185-13:1972 BSI 11-19991 (Notes on the arrangement and scope of the glossar
7、y are contained in the Foreword to Section 1.) Section 13. Air-traffic and ground services Subsection 131. General No.TermDefinition 13101aerodrome AIRFIELD Any area of land or water designed, equipped, set apart or commonly used for affording facilities for the landing and departure of aircraft. It
8、 includes any area or space, whether on the ground, on the roof of a building or elsewhere, similarly affording facilities for aircraft capable of descending or climbing vertically. 13102alternate ALTERNATE AERODROME An aerodrome specified in the flight plan to which an aircraft may proceed if landi
9、ng at the intended destination becomes inadvisable. 13103regular aerodromeAn aerodrome used as a scheduled stop on a route. 13104air-ground communicationTwo-way communication between aircraft and ground stations. (Cf. 13106 and 13116.) 13105air serviceA scheduled service for the public transport of
10、passengers, mail or freight by air. 13106air-to-ground communicationOne-way communication from aircraft to ground stations. (Cf. 13104 and 13116.) 13107airlineAn air-transport organization offering or operating an air service. 13108airmissAn incident entailing, in the opinion of a pilot, definite ri
11、sk of collision in flight between his own and other aircraft. 13109airportAn aerodrome at which facilities are provided for the shelter, servicing and repair of aircraft, and for receiving and discharging passengers or goods. Customs facilities are also available. 13110airsideApplied to those parts
12、of an airport separated from public access by the Customs and Immigration Control areas. 13111airstripA strip of land cleared for the take-off and landing of aircraft. 13112airwayA control area or part of a control area in the form of a corridor, marked by radio-navigational aids. 13113cabotage rout
13、esAirline routes lying within one country or between a country and its overseas colonies or territories. 13114cruise controlThe method of operating an aircraft to produce optimum fuel economy with regard to time or distance, or both. 13115general air traffic (GAT)Flights conducted in accordance with
14、 the regulations and procedures for flight promulgated by the state civil aviation authorities and operating under the control or authority of the civil air traffic services organization. (Cf. 13119.) 13116ground-to-air communicationOne-way communication from ground stations to aircraft. (Cf. 13104
15、and 13106.) 13117load classification number (LCN) The number which defines the load-carrying capacity of the paved surface of an aerodrome. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 03:26:56 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 185-13:1972 2 BSI 11-1999 Subsection 132. Air-traf
16、fic control No.TermDefinition 13118load factorThe number of passengers and/or weight of freight carried on a particular flight expressed as a percentage of the capacity available. 13119operational air traffic (OAT) Flights conducted under the control or authority of the military air traffic services
17、 organization. (Cf. 13115.) 13120operational controlThe exercise of authority by the operator or on his behalf over the initiation, continuation, diversion or termination of a flight. A. Control areas and services 13201advisory a eaA designated area where an air-traffic advisory service is available
18、. 13202advisory routeA route along which an air-traffic advisory service is available. 13203aerodrome controlA unit established to provide aerodrome-control service. 13204aerodrome-control serviceAn air-traffic control service for aerodrome traffic. 13205aerodrome trafficAll traffic on the manoeuvri
19、ng area of an aerodrome and all aircraft flying in the vicinity of an aerodrome. 13206aerodrome-traffic circuit The specified paths to be flown by aircraft operating in the vicinity of an aerodrome within a defined airspace. 13207air-trafficAll aircraft in flight or operating on the manoeuvring area
20、s of aerodromes. 13208air-traffic advisory serviceA service available within advisory airspace to provide separation between participating aircraft which are operating on IFR flight plans. 13209air-traffic control centre An air-traffic control service unit combining the services of a flight informat
21、ion centre and an area control centre. 13210air-traffic control service A service provided to prevent collisions and promote the safe, orderly and expeditious flow of air traffic (13207). 13211approach controlA unit established to provide an approach-control service. 13212approach-control serviceAn
22、air-traffic control service for arriving or departing flights. 13213area-control centreA unit established to provide an area-control service. 13214area-control serviceAn air-traffic control service for flights under instrument flight rules within control areas. 13215control area (CTA)A controlled ai
23、rspace extending upwards from a specified height above the surface of the Earth without an upper limit unless one is specified. 13216control zone (CTR)A controlled airspace extending from the surface of the Earth to a specified upper limit. 13217controlled airspace (CAS) An airspace of defined dimen
24、sions within which air-traffic control service is provided to IFR flights. 13218flight-information centre (FIC) A unit established to provide flight-information service and to alert the search-and-rescue services. 13219flight-information region (FIR) An airspace of defined dimensions within which ai
25、r-traffic services are provided according to the types of airspace therein. r Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 03:26:56 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 185-13:1972 BSI 11-19993 No.TermDefinition 13220flight-information service (FIS) A service provided for the purp
26、ose of giving advice and information useful for the safe and efficient conduct of flights. 13221 search and rescue alerting serviceA service provided to notify the appropriate organizations of aircraft in need of search-and-rescue aid and to assist such organizations. 13222rescue co-ordination centr
27、e A centre established within an assigned search-and-rescue area to promote efficient organization of search and rescue. 13223search-and-rescue areaThe area in which search-and-rescue operations become the responsibility of a particular rescue co-ordination centre. B. Control procedure 13224aircraft
28、 approach limitation (AAL) The lowest true height above the touch-down point to which a particular type of aircraft may descend on instruments, using a specified runway approach aid. It does not take into account local terrain or obstructions. 13225air-traffic control clearance Authorization by an a
29、ir-traffic control unit for an aircraft to proceed under conditions specified by that unit. 13226approach clearanceAuthorization by an air-traffic control unit for an aircraft to make an approach to an aerodrome. 13227approach sequenceThe order in which two or more aircraft are cleared to approach t
30、o land at an aerodrome. 13228critical heightThe height above aerodrome elevation at which descent during instrument approach should be discontinued if the approach cannot be continued visually. 13229decision heightA specified height at which a missed approach must be initiated if the required visual
31、 reference to continue the approach to land has not been established. 13230entry pointThe point at which an aircraft entering a control zone crosses the boundary. 13231final approachThe part of an approach from the time the aircraft has completed the last turn into landing, or has crossed a specifie
32、d position, to the point where a landing can be made. 13232final-approach altitudeThe altitude at which to begin the final approach. 13233final-approach procedureThe part of the approach procedure beginning when the aircraft reaches the axis of the runway in use, either heading towards the runway to
33、 land directly, or heading for the reciprocal of the runway or to complete the final procedure turn, and ending either upon landing or when missed-approach action is taken. 13234flight levels (FL)Surfaces of constant atmospheric pressure which are related to the pressure datum 1013.2 mbar and are se
34、parated by specific pressure intervals. 13235glide pathA descent profile determined for vertical guidance during a final approach. 13236holding facilityAn identifiable point, in the vicinity of which an aircraft in flight is instructed to remain. 13237holding pattern HOLDING TRACK The flight track a
35、n aircraft is directed to follow at a holding point. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 03:26:56 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 185-13:1972 4 BSI 11-1999 No.TermDefinition 13238IFRAbbreviation for “instrument flight rules”. 13239IFR flightA flight conducted in acco
36、rdance with IFR. 13240initial approachThat part of an approach procedure consisting of first approach to the first navigation facility associated with the procedure, or to a predetermined position. 13241instrument approachThe technique of making an approach on a predetermined path defined by a radio
37、 or radar navigational aid system. 13242instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) Conditions of visibility and of vertical and horizontal distance from cloud less than the minima specified for VMC(13267) by the country concerned. 13243intermediate approachThat part of an approach procedure from the
38、 first arrival at the first navigation facility or predetermined position to the beginning of the final approach. 13244lateral separationThe lateral spacing of aircraft at or about the same flight level. 13245let downThe part of an intermediate procedure, between the end of the initial approach and
39、the beginning of the final-approach procedure, during which an aircraft cleared to begin its final-approach procedure is descending from its initial approach altitude to the height at which final-approach procedure begins. 13246longitudinal separationThe longitudinal spacing of aircraft at or about
40、the same flight level by a minimum interval of time. 13247minimum flight altitudeThe lowest safe altitude at which aircraft may operate on instruments. 13248missed-approach procedure The procedure to be followed when an aircraft cannot complete final approach. 13249nightThe hours between sunset and
41、sunrise or such other period between sunset and sunrise as may be prescribed by the appropriate authority. 13250obstacle clearance limits (OCL) The height above aerodrome or touch down elevation for a given runway direction and instrument approach aid, below which the minimum specified vertical clea
42、rance above fixed obstacles cannot be maintained either on an approach or in the event of a missed approach. 13251procedure turn right (left) A manoeuvre in which a turn through 45 to the right (left) is made away from a designated track followed by a turn in the opposite direction, such that the ai
43、rcraft intercepts and proceeds along the reciprocal of that designated track. 13252quadrantal ruleA rule by which aircraft flying on a magnetic track within a particular quadrant shall fly at any one of the series of levels specified for that quadrant. 13253reciprocal legThe part of a landing proced
44、ure during which the aircraft is headed on the reciprocal of the final approach direction. 13254reporting pointA specified location in relation to which the position of an aircraft is to be reported. 13255safety heightThe altitude below which it is hazardous to fly under IMC. Licensed Copy: sheffiel
45、dun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 03:26:56 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 185-13:1972 BSI 11-19995 No.TermDefinition 13256stackA number of aircraft in the holding pattern at different altitudes or flight levels awaiting their turn to land at an aerodrome. 13257straight-in-approachThe pa
46、rt of a landing procedure during which an aircraft is flown along the axis of the runway in use until the beginning of the final approach. 13258transition altitudeThe altitude at or below which the vertical position of an aircraft is determined by reference to altitude. 13259transition layerThe air
47、space between the transition altitude and the transition level. 13260transition levelThe lowest flight level available for use above the transition altitude. 13261VFRAbbreviation for “visual flight rules”. 13262VFR flightA flight conducted in accordance with VFR. 13263special VFR flightA flight carr
48、ied out within a control zone, subject to prior clearance by air-traffic control but not subject to full IFR. 13264VFR on-top clearanceAn aircraft clearance for VFR flight above cloud, haze, smoke or other formation. 13265vertical separationThe vertical spacing of aircraft flying over or near the sa
49、me point. 13266visual contact approachAn approach under IFR carried out by visual reference to the ground. 13267visual meteorological conditions (VMC) Conditions of visibility and of vertical and horizontal distance from cloud equal to, or greater than, the minima specified by the country concerned. C. Radar control 13268ground-controlled approach (GCA) The technique or procedure for “talking down” an aircraft during its approach, through the use of surveillance and precision radar from the ground. The purpose is to place the aircraft in a position for landing during condi