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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 12509:2001 Timber poles for overhead lines Test methods Determination of modulus of elasticity, bending strength, density and moisture content The European Standard EN 12509:2001 has the status of a British Standard ICS 29.240.20; 79.080 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEP
2、T AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 07:16:56 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 12509:2001 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Building and Civil Engineering Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was
3、published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 05 April 2002 BSI 05 April 2002 ISBN 0 580 39460 3 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 12509:2001. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Com
4、mittee B/518, Structural timber, to Subcommittee B/518/5, Wood poles for power and telecommunications, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement interna
5、tional or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to includ
6、e all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee an
7、y enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 14, an i
8、nside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 07:16:56 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROP
9、EAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 12509 November 2001 ICS 29.240.20; 79.080 English version Timber poles for overhead lines - Test methods - Determination of modulus of elasticity, bending strength, density and moisture content Poteaux en bois pour lignes ariennes - Mthodes dessai - Dt
10、ermination du module dlasticit, de la rsistance la flexion, de la masse volumique et de la teneur en humidit Holzmaste fr Freileitungen - Prfverfahren - Bestimmung des Elastizittsmoduls, der Biegefestigkeit, der Dichte und des Feuchtigkeitsgehalts This European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 Oct
11、ober 2001. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be ob
12、tained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management C
13、entre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEA
14、N COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2001 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12509:2001 E Licensed Copy: sh
15、effieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 07:16:56 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12509:2001 (E) 2 Contents page Foreword3 Introduction.4 1Scope5 2Normative references5 3Terms and definitions .5 4Symbols6 5Requirements for determination of sizes, moisture content and density.7 5.1Determin
16、ation of sizes.7 5.2Determination of moisture content7 5.3Determination of density7 6Test method for bending properties8 6.1Principle.8 6.2Preparation8 6.3Apparatus9 6.4Procedure9 6.5Results 10 6.6Test report.11 6.6.1Test material.11 6.6.2Test procedure11 6.6.3Test results .11 Annex A (informative)
17、Example of suitable cantilever bending test method13 Bibliography14 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 07:16:56 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12509:2001 (E) 3 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 124 “Structural timber“,
18、the secretariat of which is held by DS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2002, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2002. This standard inc
19、ludes an informative annex A describing a suitable test method for cantilever bending. This standard includes a Bibliography. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Bel
20、gium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 07:16:56 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12509:
21、2001 (E) 4 Introduction This standard is one of five standards covering requirements for visual or machine grading, test methods, determination of characteristic values, methods of specifying durability and sizes. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 07:16:56 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncont
22、rolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12509:2001 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies methods of test to determine modulus of elasticity, bending strength, density and moisture content of solid wood poles for overhead transmission and telecommunication lines. It is applicable to both hardwood and softwo
23、od poles. This standard covers only single poles under cantilever and/or compression loading. For example, this standard does not cover poles used as beams. The provision of poles for use in any overhead line or cable infrastructure shall take into account a range of factors not covered by this stan
24、dard which will necessitate the specification by the end user of complementary and synonymous attributes to those defined in this standard. This refers to requirements for a number of factors including safety, overhead plant, handling, fittings, installation machinery and working practices including
25、 climbing. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments
26、to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 212, Wood Preservatives - Guide to sampling and preparation
27、of wood preservatives and treated timber for analysis. EN 12465:2001, Wood poles for overhead lines - Durability requirements. prEN 12479, Wood poles for overhead lines - Sizes - Methods of measurement and limit deviations. prEN 12510, Wood poles for overhead lines - Strength grading criteria. ISO 3
28、130, Wood - Determination of moisture content for physical and mechanical tests. ISO 3131, Wood - Determination of density for physical and mechanical tests. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following the terms and definitions apply. 3.1 bulk density mass per u
29、nit volume of material, including voids and liquids 3.2 dry density mass of material, dried to constant mass at (103 ? 2)C, per unit volume of undried materials 3.3 minimum diameter minimum diameter of the pole at the section of measurement 3.4 moisture content ratio of the mass of the quantity of w
30、ater in a material to the mass of the dry material Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 07:16:56 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12509:2001 (E) 6 3.5 nominal diameter a)theoretical diameter for poles with 5 % or less ovality; b)minimum diameter for pole with greater t
31、han 5 % ovality 3.6 ovality difference between the maximum and minimum diameter at a cross section expressed as a percentage of the minimum diameter 3.7 pole long round timber for use in a free standing application 3.8 pole butt lowermost point of the thicker end of the pole 3.9 pole tip uppermost p
32、oint of the narrow end of the pole 3.10 population group of poles defined by having the same species, source and grade 3.11 sample size number of test poles from one population 3.12 section of maximum stress section of pole where the diameter equals 1,5 x diameter at point of application of load, if
33、 this section is above ground line or otherwise the actual ground line section 3.13 theoretical diameter diameter of a circle with the same circumference as the actual circumference at the section of measurement 4 Symbols dgnominal diameter at assumed ground-line, in millimetres dqnominal diameter a
34、t point of load application, in millimetres dmaxnominal diameter at section of maximum stress, in millimetres Emodulus of elasticity parallel to grain in bending, in newtons per square millimetre fmbending strength - maximum stress at assumed ground line or point of maximum stress if this is above t
35、he assumed ground line, in newtons per square millimetre Iqsecond moment of area of cross section at point of load application, in millimetres to the fourth power lpole length measured from butt to tip, in millimetres lgdistance from butt to assumed ground-line, in millimetres Licensed Copy: sheffie
36、ldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 07:16:56 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12509:2001 (E) 7 lmaxdistance from butt to section of maximum stress or ground line, whichever is the greater, in millimetres lqdistance from tip to position of applied load Qapplied load, in newtons sa-s0movemen
37、t of load application point parallel to longitudinal axis of the pole during testing, in millimetres (see Figure 1) ta-t0deflection at point of load application, in millimetres (see Figure 1) 5 Requirements for determination of sizes, moisture content and density 5.1 Determination of sizes The metho
38、d of taking measurements and the type of equipment to be used shall be in accordance with prEN 12479. The sizes of the test poles shall be measured in millimetres to three significant figures. All measurements shall be made when the test poles are in the moisture condition required for the tests. 5.
39、2 Determination of moisture content 5.2.1For untreated poles, the moisture content of test specimens shall be determined in accordance with the procedure of ISO 3130 on a disc of timber cut from the pole. The disc shall be of full cross-section, free from knots and resin pockets and shall be at leas
40、t 50 mm in thickness. 5.2.2In the case of preservative treated poles, the determination of moisture content using the above method shall be restricted to material cut from untreated areas. If the moisture content of treated material is required then methods appropriate to the specific preservative t
41、reatment shall be used. The presence or otherwise of treatment in the specimens shall be recorded. NOTE In the case of creosote treated timber, moisture content may be determined in accordance with EN 212. 5.2.3In the case of ultimate strength tests, the disc shall be cut as closely as possible to t
42、he fracture. 5.2.4For determining the moisture content of a pole prior to treatment or test the procedures given in ISO 3130 may be applied to borings taken in accordance with EN 12465:2001, annex A. The boring sample used for determination of moisture content shall include the full depth of sapwood
43、 or the innermost 75 mm of sapwood whichever is the lesser. Alternative methods of measurement, such as electrical resistance moisture meters, may be used provided that it can be demonstrated that the measurements taken relate to measurements taken in accordance with the above method. 5.3 Determinat
44、ion of density 5.3.1For untreated poles the dry density of the whole cross-section of the test pieces shall be determined in accordance with the procedures given in ISO 3131 on a disc of timber cut from the poles. The disc shall be of full cross-section, free from knots and resin pockets and shall b
45、e at least 50 mm in thickness. For poles that have been treated, the presence or otherwise of treatment in the test piece shall be recorded. 5.3.2Where separate heartwood and sapwood densities are required these should be determined from rectangular prisms cut from appropriate regions of the disc in
46、 accordance with ISO 3131. In the case of ultimate strength tests, the discs for determination of density shall be cut as closely as possible to the fracture. 5.3.3 The bulk density of the poles shall be determined from the overall weight and volume of the pole at the time of test. The weight shall
47、be measured and the volume shall be determined from circumference measurements taken at 0,5 m intervals along the length of the pole. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 07:16:56 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12509:2001 (E) 8 6 Test method for bending properties 6.
48、1 Principle The bottom section of the pole under test is rigidly clamped up to 1,5 m from the butt or the assumed position of the ground line. A load is applied approximately 150 mm from the tip of the pole in a direction perpendicular to the original axis of the pole. NOTE As the direction of loadi
49、ng imposed on the pole in practice is not known, it is important that the value of fm determined relates to the apparent weakest direction of the pole. A procedure for determining the direction of test is given in 6.4. 6.2 Preparation Prior to testing the following data shall be measured and recorded: a)mass of the pole in kilograms b)length of the pole in accordance with prEN 12479 c)the circumference at 0,5 m intervals from butt to tip, measured to 1 %, and including the following positions: ? butt; ? point of application of the test load; ? 1,5 m from t