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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 12413:2007 Safety requirements for bonded abrasive products The European Standard EN 12413:2007 has the status of a British Standard ICS 25.100.70 ? Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Mon Jul 16 04:12:10 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy
2、, (c) BSI BS EN 12413:2007 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2007 BSI 2007 ISBN 978 0 580 56114 6 National foreword This British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of EN 12413:2007. It supersedes
3、BS EN 12413:1999 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MTE/13, Grinding wheels, abrasive tools, paper and cloths, and powders. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publicatio
4、n does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: London South Bank Un
5、iversity, London South Bank University, Mon Jul 16 04:12:10 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 12413 June 2007 ICS 25.100.70Supersedes EN 12413:1999 English Version Safety requirements for bonded abrasive products Exigences de scurit pour
6、les produits abrasifs agglomrs Sicherheitsanforderungen fr Schleifkrper aus gebundenem Schleifmittel This European Standard was approved by CEN on 10 May 2007. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard t
7、he status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, Ger
8、man). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
9、Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPE
10、N DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12413:2007: E Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Ba
11、nk University, Mon Jul 16 04:12:10 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12413:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introduction.4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references5 3 Definitions and symbols .5 3.1 Bonded abrasive products .5 3.2 Grinding machines 5 3.3 Grinding method6 3.4 Type of application
12、6 3.5 Symbols7 4 List of significant hazards 8 5 Requirements.8 5.1 General requirements8 5.2 Strength requirements 9 5.3 Dimensional requirements10 5.4 Admissible unbalance.30 5.5 Marking.30 5.6 Blotters .30 6 Verification of the requirements and inspection30 6.1 Verification methods .30 6.2 Scope
13、of inspection by the manufacturer.31 7 Information for use33 Annex A (normative) Marking 34 A.1 Content of marking34 A.2 Execution of marking 37 Annex B (informative) Mounted points .38 B.1 Example calculation of the maximum permissible speeds of rotation38 B.2 Example for application of the calcula
14、tion method .42 Annex C (normative) Verification methods for side load capacity44 C.1 General44 C.2 Single point side load44 C.3 Three point side load.45 C.4 Impact test45 Annex D (informative) Colour codes.47 Annex E (informative) Speed conversion table48 Bibliography49 Licensed Copy: London South
15、Bank University, London South Bank University, Mon Jul 16 04:12:10 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12413:2007 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 12413:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 143 “Machine tools Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by SNV. This European
16、Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2007. This document supersedes EN 12413:1999. Significant technical
17、 differences between this edition and EN 12413:1999 are as follows: a) Deletion of different abbreviations in Table 1 to Table 4 and Table 7; b) deletion of 140 m/s and 160 m/s in Clause 5.1.1; c) revision of Table 11 “Maximum operating speeds, safety factors and minimum bursting speeds for differen
18、t types of machine and types of application“. In the revised Table 11 (now Table 4) are there only relations between the range of vs, the safety factor Sbr and burst speed factor fbr; d) in Clause 5.1.3 “Side load capacity“ (new Clause 5.2.3) are the relevant values for the different tests depending
19、 on vs and the outside diameter of the abrasive product; e) extension of requirements in Clause 5.6 “Blotters“, Annex B “Blotters“ (normative) is completely deleted; f) revision of Clause 6 in accordance with rules for the structure and drafting of CEN/CENELEC publications; g) Table 13 “Safety test
20、speeds“ deleted and revision of Table 14 “Scope of the inspection“; h) revision of Clause 7 “Information for use“; i) content of Table A.2 “Colour codes and design of colour codes“ to change as additional marking in Annex D (informative); j) in Table A.3 “Restrictions of use“, RE2 deleted and RE8 in
21、cluded; k) Figures A.1, A.2 and Clause A.4 “Design of the marking“ deleted; l) revision of Annex C (normative), now Annex B (informative), Mounted points only as an example calculation of the maximum permissible speed of rotation; m) extension of Annex D (informative), now Annex C (normative), with
22、additional requirements concerning the verification methods for side load capacity. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, De
23、nmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank
24、University, Mon Jul 16 04:12:10 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12413:2007 (E) 4 Introduction This standard has been prepared to provide one means of conforming with essential safety requirements, e.g. of the Safety Product Directive and associated EFTA regulations. This standard is ad
25、dressed to designers, manufacturers and suppliers of the abrasive products described in the scope. In addition, it helps designers, manufacturers and suppliers of grinding machines in the selection of abrasive products, in order to reduce the risks and achieve conformity of the respective machinery
26、with the Essential safety requirements of the Machinery Directive. The extent to which hazards are covered is indicated in the scope of this standard. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Mon Jul 16 04:12:10 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12413:20
27、07 (E) 5 1 Scope This standard is applicable to rotating bonded abrasive products. It specifies requirements and/or measures for the removal or reduction of hazards resulting from the design and application of the abrasive products. This standard also contains procedures and tests for verification o
28、f compliance with the requirements as well as safety information for use, which is to be made available to the user by the manufacturer. The hazards taken into consideration are listed in Clause 4 of this standard. This standard does not apply to superabrasives and coated abrasive products. 2 Normat
29、ive references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 6103, Bonded abrasive produ
30、cts Permissible unbalances of grinding wheels as delivered Static testing (ISO 6103:2005) ISO 525, Bonded abrasive products - General requirements ISO 13942, Bonded abrasive products Limit deviations and run-out tolerances 3 Definitions and symbols 3.1 Bonded abrasive products Products consisting of
31、 abrasives e.g. aluminium oxide, silicon carbide held together by a bond. Bonded abrasive products within the meaning of this standard are all products as defined, see for example by ISO 525. 3.2 Grinding machines 3.2.1 Stationary machines Machines that are fixed in position during operation, see fo
32、r example EN 13218. Included are fixed swing-frame machines and mobile machines clamped firmly in position during use. 3.2.2 Mobile machines Machines that are not fixed in position during operation. They are manually guided (but not supported) by hand during use, e.g. floor grinding machines, flexib
33、ly suspended swing-frame grinding machines. 3.2.3 Hand-held machines Machines, including those with flexible drives that are held in the hand during the grinding process, see for example EN 792-7, EN 792-9, EN 60745-2-3 and EN ISO 19432. 3.2.4 Machines with totally enclosed working area Stationary m
34、achines that are protected in such a way by separating guards that machining processes including loading and unloading of workpieces are carried out inside them and persons are protected against hazards generated by bursting of an abrasive product. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London
35、 South Bank University, Mon Jul 16 04:12:10 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12413:2007 (E) 6 3.3 Grinding method 3.3.1 Peripheral grinding Grinding with the periphery of the wheel with no or limited side loads. 3.3.2 Face grinding Grinding with the face of the wheel. 3.3.3 Cutting-off
36、Cutting-off or slotting with the periphery of the cutting-off wheel. 3.3.4 High pressure grinding Grinding with high contact pressure for steel conditioning. 3.4 Type of application 3.4.1 General See Table 1. 3.4.2 Mechanically guided grinding Feed movements of the grinding tool and/or the workpiece
37、 are guided by mechanical means. 3.4.3 Manually guided grinding Feed movements of the grinding tool and/or the workpiece are manually guided by the operator. 3.4.4 Hand-held grinding Grinding machine is entirely guided by the operators hands. Table 1 Type of application Type of grinding machine Type
38、 of application Abrasive product Workpiece Fixed Guided mechanically Guided mechanically Fixed Stationary machines Mechanically guided grinding Guided mechanically Guided mechanically Guided by hand Fixed Stationary and mobile machines Manually guided grinding Fixed Guided by hand Hand-held machines
39、 Hand-held grinding Guided by hand Fixed Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Mon Jul 16 04:12:10 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12413:2007 (E) 7 3.5 Symbols Table 2 Symbols Abbrevia- tions Designation Definition Unit nab Deflection speed of mount
40、ed points Revolutions per minute at which the spindle of mounted points is deflecting under centrifugal force 1/min nmax Maximum permissible speed of rotation Revolutions per minute of the new abrasive product at maximum operating speed 1/min vs Maximum operating speed Maximum permissible peripheral
41、 speed of a rotating abrasive product m/s vpr Safety test speed Peripheral speed at which abrasive products are tested by the manufacturer m/s fpr Test speed factor Safety test speed divided by maximum operating speed: s pr pr v v f= fbr Burst speed factor Minimum bursting speed divided by maximum o
42、perating speed: s br br v v f min = vbr Bursting speed Peripheral speed at which the abrasive product breaks due to centrifugal force m/s vbr min Minimum bursting speed Peripheral speed, which the abrasive product shall at least reach without bursting due to centrifugal force m/s Sbr Safety factor a
43、gainst bursting due to centrifugal force Bursting speed divided by maximum operating speed, all squared: 2 = s br br v v S Sab Safety factor of spindle deflection for mounted points Deflection speed divided by maximum permissible speed of rotation: max n n S ab ab = A Impact resistance Resistance of
44、 a rotating abrasive product to lateral impact Nm FS1 Single point side load Resistance of a rotating abrasive product to lateral single point load N FS3 Three point side load Resistance of a rotating abrasive product to lateral three point load N Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London
45、South Bank University, Mon Jul 16 04:12:10 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12413:2007 (E) 8 4 List of significant hazards Table 3 List of significant hazards Hazard designation Hazardous situation (Examples) Relevant clauses in this standard 1. Wheel breakage caused by improper design
46、5.1, 5.2, 5.3 and Annex C manufacturing defects 5.1 wrong selection 5.5, 7 and Annex A improper handling and storage 7 improper use (mounting and grinding process) 5.6, 7 and Annex A Ejection of parts 2. Grinding debris 7 Hand arm vibration on hand-held machines caused by manufacturing defects 5.3 a
47、nd 5.4 improper use 7 Vibration incorrect mounting 7 5 Requirements 5.1 General requirements 5.1.1 General Abrasive products shall be designed and manufactured in such a way that they resist the forces and loads that are to be expected when used as intended. They shall not present visible faults and
48、 shall comply with the requirements listed in the following clauses. 5.1.2 Maximum operating speeds Abrasive products shall be manufactured for maximum operating speeds according to the following range: 125 mm 50 125 mm 100 3,5 1,87 80 3,0 1,73 Hand-held machines All types D 125 mm 80 3,5 1,87 a Onl
49、y manually guided cutting-off. 5.2.2 Safety factors for mounted wheels and points Mounted wheels and points shall have a safety factor against bursting due to centrifugal forces of Sbr = 3 at their maximum operating speed. The spindle shall have a safety factor against deflection of Sab = 1,3. For further requirements, see Annex B. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Mon Jul 16 04:12:10 GMT+00:00