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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 8000-1: 1989 Workmanship on building sites Part 1: Code of practice for excavation and filling CAWS D20 UDC 69.05 + 624.134.135:658.562.3 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 05:33:43 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8
2、000-1:1989 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Council for Building and Civil Engineering, was published under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on 31 October 1989 BSI 12-1998 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: C
3、ommittee reference B/146 Draft for comment 85/10611 DC ISBN 0 580 17660 6 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Council for Building and Civil Engineering (B/-) to Technical Committee B/146, upon which the following bodies were
4、 represented: Building Employers Confederation Chartered Institute of Building Consumer Policy Committee of BSI Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment) Department of the Environment (Property Services Agency) Federation of Associations of Specialists and Sub-Contractors Insti
5、tute of Clerks of Works of Great Britain Inc Institution of Civil Engineers Institution of Structural Engineers National Building Specification Ltd. National Council of Building Materials Producers National House Building Council Royal Institute of British Architects Royal Institution of Chartered S
6、urveyors Society of Chief Architects of Local Authorities Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 05:33:43 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8000-1:1989 BSI 12-1998i Contents Page Commi
7、ttees responsibleInside front cover Forewordii Section 1. General 1.1Scope1 1.2References1 1.3Definitions1 Section 2. Materials and preparation 2.1Checking materials and equipment2 2.2Preparation of work2 Section 3. Excavating and filling 3.1General3 3.2Obstructions3 3.3Excavating4 3.4Filling7 Index
8、8 Figure 1 Battered trench4 Figure 2 Trench with benches5 Figure 3 Spoil heaps and edges of excavations6 Figure 4 Barriers for vehicles6 Table 1 Guidance on steepest angles of batter for different soils5 List of referencesInside back cover Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Ba
9、nk University, Fri Dec 08 05:33:43 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8000-1:1989 ii BSI 12-1998 Foreword This Part of BS 8000 has been prepared under the direction of the Council for Building and Civil Engineering. It makes recommendations and gives guidance on basic workmanship for conv
10、entional types of building work. The recommendations given are not necessarily comprehensive; particular project documents, e.g. project specifications, may need to cover particular recommendations not dealt with by this code of practice. This code of practice is unique in that unlike other British
11、Standards, it draws together recommendations given in other codes of practice. The purpose of this code of practice is to encourage good workmanship by providing the following: a) the most frequently required recommendations on workmanship for building work in a readily available and convenient form
12、 to those working on site; b) assistance in the efficient preparation and administration of contracts; c) recommendations on how designers requirements for workmanship may be satisfactorily realized; d) definitions of good practice on building sites for supervision and for training purposes; this gu
13、idance is not intended to supplant the normal training in craft skills; e) a reference for quality of workmanship on building sites. It is recognized that design, procurement and project information should be conducive to good workmanship on site. During the preparation of this code of practice the
14、Building Industrys Co-ordinating Committee for Project Information (CCPI), produced a Common Arrangement of Work Sections (CAWS) for building work. This code of practice has generally been arranged in accordance with the Common Arrangement so that it can be used easily with project specifications an
15、d bills of quantities using this arrangement. Other major documents are being restructured in accordance with the Common Arrangement. NOTEThe CCPI was sponsored by the Association of Consulting Engineers, the Building Employers Confederation, the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors and the Roya
16、l Institute of British Architects. When complete BS 8000 will comprise the following Parts. Part 1: Code of practice for excavation and filling; Part 2: Code of practice for concrete work; Part 3: Code of practice for masonry; Part 4: Code of practice for waterproofing; Part 5: Code of practice for
17、carpentry, joinery and general fixings; Part 6: Code of practice for roof, slate, tile covering and cladding; Part 7: Code of practice for glazing; Part 8: Code of practice for plasterboard partitions and dry linings; Part 9: Code of practice for cement/sand floor screeds and concrete floor toppings
18、; Part 10: Code of practice for plastering and rendering; Part 11: Code of practice for wall and floor tiling; Part 12: Code of practice for decorative wallcoverings and painting; Part 13: Code of practice for above ground drainage and sanitary appliances; Part 14: Code of practice for below ground
19、drainage; Part 15: Code of practice for hot and cold water services (domestic scale). Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 05:33:43 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8000-1:1989 BSI 12-1998iii Technical Committee CSB/3, Earthworks, has als
20、o participated in the preparation of this Part of BS 8000 and the content is based on and consistent with that of BS 6031. However, BS 6031 covers the subject matter more comprehensively and includes design, materials and other related aspects in addition to workmanship on site. The text of this Par
21、t of BS 8000 includes commentaries and figures. These commentaries are separately identified and are intended to be for guidance only and do not form part of the recommendations. They refer, unless otherwise stated, to the clause which immediately precedes each commentary. A British Standard does no
22、t purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside f
23、ront cover, pages i to iv, pages 1 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London S
24、outh Bank University, Fri Dec 08 05:33:43 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iv blank Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 05:33:43 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8000-1:1989 BSI 12-19981 Section 1 Section 1. General 1.1 Scope T
25、his Part of BS 8000 gives recommendations on basic workmanship on building sites and covers those tasks which are frequently carried out in relation to excavating and filling. This code of practice does not cover civil engineering works for which reference should be made to BS 6031. NOTEThis code of
26、 practice includes supplementary elements in the form of commentaries to assist in its use and understanding. Compliance with the commentaries is not necessary in order to be able to claim conformity with the standard. 1.2 References 1.2.1 Normative references This Part of BS 8000 incorporates, by r
27、eference, provisions from specific editions of other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate points in the text and the publications are listed on the inside back cover. Subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications apply to this Part of BS 8000 o
28、nly when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. 1.2.2 Informative references This Part of BS 8000 refers to other publications that provide information or guidance. Editions of these publications current at the time of issue of this standard are listed on the inside back cover, but reference s
29、hould be made to the latest editions. 1.3 Definitions For the purposes of this Part of BS 8000, the definitions given in BS 6031:1981, BS 6100-1.0:1984 and BS 6100-2.2.21) apply. 1) In preparation Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 05:33:43 GMT+00:0
30、0 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8000-1:1989 2 BSI 12-1998 Section 2 Section 2. Materials and preparation 2.1 Checking materials and equipment Check delivery tickets and certificates against the specification and examine marks, labels and the condition of materials and equipment. If necessary r
31、efer to the supplier immediately. Check quantities as soon as possible so that work is not delayed by shortages. In particular check that: a) safety barriers, screens and other equipment for guarding the works are suitable for the site circumstances; b) materials and equipment for supporting the exc
32、avations are in good order, well maintained and in safe working condition. 2.2 Preparation of work 2.2.1 General 2.2.1.1 Liaison. Liaise and cooperate with the appropriate authorities, and with owners and occupiers of adjoining land or buildings likely to be affected by the works. Where it is necess
33、ary to make use of adjoining property, check that permission from the owners has been obtained. Clear away and make good any damage. Do not trespass on adjoining property. 2.2.1.2 Existing drains and services. Locate the positions and levels of existing drains and services indicated on the drawings
34、before sitework commences; seek instructions on the method for dealing with those which are likely to be affected (see also 3.2.6). 2.2.1.3 Cables, pipes and services. Mark the location of all underground cables and pipes with sign boards, indicating their type, e.g. water, gas, electricity, telepho
35、ne, cable TV, and their depth. Where any overhead cables, etc., restrict headroom for site plant, install headroom indicators. 2.2.2 Site clearance 2.2.2.1 Surface vegetation clearance. Cut and clear away long grass, weeds, branches, saplings, etc.; grub up stumps and major root runs without unduly
36、disturbing topsoil. COMMENTARY. Removal of vegetation is not to be regarded as routine. On clay slopes, the reinforcing effects of roots and the suction of water from the clay by plants may have a vital stabilizing effect. Removal of all vegetation could result in instability of the slope. 2.2.2.2 S
37、tripping and stockpiling topsoil. Strip topsoil to a depth of not less than 150 mm from areas to be regraded or to be occupied by buildings, pavings and roads. Either remove the stripped topsoil from the site or stockpile it in temporary spoil heaps not exceeding 1 500 mm high as directed. Keep stoc
38、kpiles separate from other materials and prevent them from becoming: a) compacted; b) adulterated with subsoil, rubbish, stone or hardcore; c) contaminated by petrol, oil, lime, cement or other injurous substances; d) buried. 2.2.2.3 Disposal of rubbish and spoil. Tip rubbish and spoil only on tips
39、controlled or recognized by the Local Authority and that comply strictly with any regulation governing the controlled tipping of refuse. 2.2.2.4 Burning on site. Where permitted burn unwanted timber and combustible materials on site, ensuring such burning is safe and appropriate to the site conditio
40、ns and environment. Locate fires so that no damage is caused to the spread of any tree or shrub to be retained. COMMENTARY. A minimum distance of 10 m from retained trees is normally adequate. 2.2.3 Protection and preservation 2.2.3.1 General. Before excavation commences check that the site is secur
41、ely protected against unauthorized access by the provision of adequate barriers, lighting and signs. 2.2.3.2 Trees and planting to be retained. Before commencing site clearance identify and mark throughout the works, plants, trees, shrubs, hedges, areas of shrub, etc., to be retained, protected and
42、preserved. Do not cut, lop or sever roots of shrubs and trees to be retained unless otherwise directed. 2.2.3.3 Drains a) Protect drains, manholes, gullies, etc., from damage. b) Keep drain lines clear of debris at all times. c) Where drains are uncovered during excavations, backfill around them wit
43、h selected fill material as specified and compact with care around the pipes. 2.2.3.4 Bench marks. Report any bench marks and other established survey information found on areas to be cleared. Do not remove or destroy them unless instructed to do so. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, Lond
44、on South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 05:33:43 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8000-1:1989 BSI 12-19983 Section 3 Section 3. Excavating and filling 3.1 General 3.1.1 Site care Take all practical steps during site operations. a) Do not carry out excavations which could undermine or affec
45、t the stability of adjoining property, buildings, services and pavings. Where such excavation cannot be avoided ensure that adequate protection and support is provided and has been approved by the owner. b) Minimize noise, vibration, dust and other pollution which causes nuisance and damage. c) Make
46、 safe provision for pedestrian and vehicular traffic when working in or near public highways. d) Check, adequately maintain and vary as necessary all barriers, lighting and signs provided for the prevention of unauthorized access and the safety of the public and site staff. COMMENTARY. A site survey
47、 and ground investigation may not provide complete data. Prudence in carrying out excavations is essential in order to avoid injury to people and damage to property. 3.1.2 Keeping excavations free of water Provide temporary gradients, water courses, ditches, drains, pumping or other means for the ra
48、pid disposal of water flowing on to the area of work during excavation and filling. Ensure that: a) when pumping, excavated faces are not disturbed; b) the disposal of pumped water does not affect the stability of other parts of the site or adjoining property by flooding; c) any sumps for water coll
49、ection are constructed clear of the excavations and filled in on completion of the works; d) permanent drains are not used for the disposal of water from the excavations unless otherwise directed. COMMENTARY. The Construction Industry Research and Information Association Report 113 1 gives guidance on techniques of dewatering for various circumstances. When pumping in granular soils, particular care is necessary to avoid extracting the fine particles. 3.1.3 Plant and transport Use only equipment which is: a) of suitable type for t