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1、BS 8475:2006 Instrumental colour measurement of textiles Method ICS 59.080.01 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BRITISH STANDARD Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 04:40:10 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c)
2、BSI Publishing and copyright information The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. BSI 10 FEBRUARY 2006 ISBN 0 580 47826 2 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference TCI/81 Draft for comment DC01/124129
3、 Publication history First published February 2006 Amendments issued since publication Amd. no.DateText affected BS 8475:2006 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 04:40:10 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BSI FEBRUARY 2006i BS 8475:2006 Cont
4、ents Foreword iii 1Scope 1 2Normative references 1 3Principle 1 4Apparatus 1 5Preparation of specific types of specimen 2 6Conditioning 3 7Presentation of specimens 3 8Procedure for colour measurement 4 9Test report 6 Annex A (normative) Specific methods of specimen preparation 7 Annex B (informativ
5、e) Colour measurement of fluorescent specimens 10 Bibliography 12 Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages 1 to 12, an inside back cover and a back cover. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08
6、04:40:10 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8475:2006 ii BSI FEBRUARY 2006This page deliberately left blank Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 04:40:10 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BSI FEBRUARY 2006iii BS 8475:2006 Foreword
7、Publishing information This British Standard was published by BSI and came into effect on 10 February 2006. It was entrusted by Technical Committee TCI/81, Colour fastness and colour measurement, to Working Group 3 of the Colour Measurement Committee of the Society of Dyers and Colourists. A list of
8、 organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Information about this document Colour measurement of textiles has become increasingly important. Errors in colour measurement are usually caused by either a non-representative specimen being measured or incorr
9、ect or inconsistent presentation of the specimen to the measuring instrument. This standard is intended to provide procedures for the preparation and presentation of all types of textile materials in order to enable their colour to be measured consistently and reproducibly. The procedures may be use
10、d in the determination of: a)the absolute colour specification of a single specimen (Notes 1, 2 and 3) or of a number of specimens to be used together in the construction of a match prediction database; b)the colour difference between areas of a single specimen (Note 4); c)the colour difference betw
11、een specimens (Note 4) d)colour formulations and colour corrections by computer match prediction. NOTE 1 The method may be used in defining and measuring the colours associated with specifications such as BS 3510, BS 381C, BS 5455, BS 6341 and BS EN 471. NOTE 2 The recommended method for calculating
12、 the absolute colorimetric values of a coloured specimen is the CIE 1976 L*a*b* (CIELAB) equation (see Publication CIE 15). NOTE 3 The recommended method for calculating the whiteness values of a white specimen is the CIE whiteness equation (see Publication CIE 15). NOTE 4 The recommended method for
13、 calculating the colour difference within a single specimen or between specimens measured under identical conditions is the CMC (l:c) equation given in BS EN ISO 105-J03, which provides a numerical value E the total colour difference, which quantifies the perceptibility or the acceptability of the c
14、olour match. The direction of the colour difference is given by the components L, C and H. NOTE 5 The symbol (for difference) is often replaced by D, giving DE, DL, DC and DH. Presentational conventions The provisions in this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Its recommendations a
15、re expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliary verb is “shall”. Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented in smaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08
16、 04:40:10 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8475:2006 iv BSI FEBRUARY 2006 Contractual and legal considerations This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard c
17、annot confer immunity from legal obligations. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 04:40:10 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BSI FEBRUARY 20061 BS 8475:2006 1 Scope This British Standard specifies procedures to be used in preparing represent
18、ative textile materials for presentation to an instrument appropriate for the measurement of surface colour. It includes procedures for acquiring the data for the determination of a numerical colour specification. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the ap
19、plication of this document. For dated references, only the reference cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. BS EN ISO 105-B05, Textiles Tests for colour fastness Part B05: Detection and assessment of photochromism BS E
20、N ISO 105-J03, Textiles Tests for colour fastness Part J03: Calculation of colour differences BS EN ISO 139, Textiles Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing BS EN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and test methods. CIE Publication 15:2004. Colorimetry (3rd editio
21、n). Vienna: CIE Commission Internationale de lEclairage, 20041) IWTO-35-03, Method for the measurement of colour of sliver. International Wool Textile Organisation http:/www.iwto.org IWTO-56-03, Method for the measurement of base and “as is” colour of raw wool. International Wool Textile Organisatio
22、n http:/www.iwto.org 3 Principle The specimen is prepared and presented to the aperture of the selected instrument and its colour is measured. 4 Apparatus 4.1 Spectrophotometer, using one of the optical geometries specified in CIE Publication 15, for the measurement of reflectance throughout the vis
23、ible spectrum. The preferred optical geometry of specimen illumination and viewing is diffuse/normal (d/0) as defined in CIE 15. NOTE The angle between the normal to the specimen and the axis of the viewing beam should not exceed 10. 4.2 Tristimulus colorimeter, which may be used only for colour com
24、parisons of non-metameric materials. 1) Available from The Secretary, NIC/GB, c/o CIBSE, Delta House, 222 Balham High Road, London SW12 9BS, or The CIE Central Bureau, Kegelgasse 27, A-1030, Vienna, Austria. http:/www.cie.co.at/cie Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank Unive
25、rsity, Fri Dec 08 04:40:10 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8475:2006 2 BSI FEBRUARY 2006 5 Preparation of specific types of specimen 5.1Fibres Loose fibre, sliver or tow specimens shall be prepared in accordance with one of the methods described in A.1, A.2 or A.3 respectively. 5.2Spun
26、 and continuous filament yarn specimens 5.2.1Yarn used for fabric and sewing threads Yarn used for fabric shall be, either: a)wound from the original package onto a former in accordance with A.4, with consistent tension, to provide a flat opaque specimen; or b)knitted under controlled conditions on
27、a knitting machine and folded to provide sufficient thickness so as to be opaque (see Clause 7), and then presented directly to the instrument for measurement. Yarn used for sewing threads shall be prepared as in a). 5.2.2Carpet yarn Yarns used for cut pile carpets shall be prepared by a cross cutti
28、ng method in accordance with A.5. Where possible, specimens shall be viewed tuft end-on. 5.3Fabrics 5.3.1Woven, knitted, non woven and coated fibre structures The face and orientation of the specimens shall be identified. The specimen shall be folded if necessary to provide sufficient thickness so a
29、s to be opaque (see Clause 7). NOTE Most woven fabrics and knitted goods require no special specimen preparation. 5.3.2Pile fabrics Before measurement, pile fabrics shall be brushed in the direction of the pile. 5.4Carpets Before measurement, cut pile carpets shall be brushed in the direction of the
30、 natural pile lay. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 04:40:10 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BSI FEBRUARY 20063 BS 8475:2006 6 Conditioning The atmosphere for preconditioning and conditioning specimens shall be as specified in BS EN ISO
31、 139. NOTE The colour of specimens can be significantly affected by temperature and humidity. To ensure stabilization of colour, condition specimens at (20 2) C and (65 2) % relative humidity for a minimum of 30 min immediately prior to colour measurement. Adjust the conditioning time accordingly fo
32、r those specimens requiring a longer conditioning time to ensure stabilization of colour. Where there is any doubt about the stability of the colour, check by returning the specimen (after colour measurement) to the conditioning environment for a further 15 min then measure the colour again. If the
33、colour difference between these two measurements is within CMC(2:1) E = 0.2, the prepared specimen is adequately conditioned. If the colour of the specimen is affected by light, include exposure to a source simulating CIE Standard Illuminant D65 in the conditioning process. To determine whether a sa
34、mple is affected by light (photochromic), test in accordance with BS EN ISO 105-B05. In order to avoid significant change in the condition, and regardless of the nature of their conditioning, measure specimens removed from the conditioning environment immediately thereafter. 7 Presentation of specim
35、ens The specimen shall be of a size adequate to completely cover the aperture of the instrument. Measurement shall be with the largest aperture possible. An area of the specimen that is uniform in colour, evenly constructed and clean shall be presented to the aperture of the instrument, avoiding spe
36、cimen irregularities or spots visible to the eye in the measurement. The specimen shall be of sufficient thickness so as to be opaque. All specimens shall be measured in the same thickness where the colour difference between specimens is being measured. NOTE 1 Establishing opacity will depend upon t
37、he nature of the specimen, e.g. fabric should be folded and yarn should be wound in multiple layers. If a specimen is not opaque, light passing through it will reflect from the backing material or holder causing an erroneous measurement. The opacity of a specimen may be checked by measuring it over
38、a black background, and separately over a white background. If the colour difference between these two measurements is within CMC(2:1) E = 0.2, the prepared specimen is adequately opaque. NOTE 2 Care should be taken not to increase the thickness of the specimen beyond that which is necessary to achi
39、eve practical opacity in order to avoid intrusion of the specimen beyond the plane of the measurement port of the instrument, which can itself cause error in measurement. Present the specimen to the instrument in a flat and relaxed state. NOTE 3 Excessive tension on the mounted specimen can cause di
40、stortion, leading to erroneous measurements. If the mounting is too slack, shadows can appear from the attendant wrinkling, giving incorrect measurements. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 04:40:10 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8475
41、:2006 4 BSI FEBRUARY 2006 8 Procedure for colour measurement 8.1Instrument performance and maintenance The manufacturers recommendations for monitoring instrument performance and maintenance shall be followed. 8.2Standardization of the instrument NOTE Standardization is often referred to as calibrat
42、ion; the former is the preferred term. Switch on the instrument and allow sufficient time for stabilization in accordance with the manufacturers recommendations. Select the measurement conditions required for standardization of the instrument being used: wavelength range and interval (for spectropho
43、tometer); size of aperture; specular component included or excluded; control of ultraviolet content of the light source (see Annex B). NOTE The sequence to be followed varies from one instrument to another. Standardize the instrument in accordance with the manufacturers recommendations. During the u
44、se of the instrument, repeat the standardization at regular intervals in accordance with the manufacturers recommendations, but avoid re-standardization during related measurements. 8.3Measuring the specimen(s) The sequence to be followed varies from one instrument to another, but shall include all
45、the following steps. a)Select the method of preparation and presentation of the specimens. If required, select the number of repeat measurements. b)If the instrument conditions required to measure the specimen are not those used during standardization, adjust as required. c)Measure the colour of the
46、 specimen(s). d)Select the requirements for calculation of the data: 1)illuminant(s); 2)observer(s). NOTE 1 The preferred illuminant/observer weights are listed in ASTM E308-01. NOTE 2 The preferred observer, in most applications, is the CIE 1964 standard colorimetric observer (10). e)Select the par
47、ameters to be output: 1)absolute colour co-ordinates; 2)colour difference equation(s) and results. f)Output and record the data as required. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 04:40:10 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BSI FEBRUARY 20065 BS
48、 8475:2006 8.4Specular component of measurements The specular component of measurement shall be taken into account as follows. a)Measure non-glossy specimens with the specular component included. b)When making comparisons between two specimens which show different levels of gloss, measure both speci
49、mens with the specular component excluded. c)Measure glossy specimens with the specular component excluded. NOTE 1 Glossy specimens are those for which there is a significant difference between measurements made with the specular component included and excluded. NOTE 2 The practice of measuring the reflectance of specimens behind glass alters the measurements significantly and should be avoided if possible. For certain types of specimen, such as some loose fibre samples, measurement behind glass