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1、BS EN 2002-005:2007 ICS 49.025.10 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BRITISH STANDARD Aerospace series Test methods for metallic materials Part 005: Uninterrupted creep and stress-rupture testing This British Standard was published under the authority of the Stand
2、ards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2009 BSI 2009 ISBN 978 0 580 58677 4 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication DateComments BS EN 2002-005:2007 National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 2002-005:2007. It supersedes BS 4A 4-1.3:1967 which is withdra
3、wn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee ACE/61/-/6, Mechanical testing of metallic materials. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary pro
4、visions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. BS EN 2002-005:2007 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 2002-005 November 2007 ICS 49.025.10 English Version Aerospace series -
5、 Test methods for metallic materials - Part 005: Uninterrupted creep and stress-rupture testing Srie arospatiale - Mthodes dessais applicables aux matriaux mtalliques - Partie 005 : Essai non interrompu de fluage et essai de rupture par fluage Luft- und Raumfahrt - Prfverfahren fr metallische Werkst
6、offe - Teil 005: Kriech- und Zeitstandversuch unter konstanter Zugbeanspruchung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 June 2007. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a natio
7、nal standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in a
8、ny other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, E
9、stonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION E
10、UROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 2002-005:2007: E BS EN 2002-005:2007 EN 2002-005:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 1 Scope 4
11、2 Normative references4 3 Principle4 4 Terms and definitions .4 5 Symbols and abbreviations7 6 Specification of test requirements.9 7 Testing equipment.9 8 Proportional test pieces11 9 Non-proportional test pieces13 10 Preparation of test piece from sample 13 11 Measurement of cross-sectional area .
12、14 12 Marking the original gauge length.14 13 Heating of test piece14 14 Temperature control and observations.14 15 Loading of the test piece 14 16 Stress rupture test.15 17 Creep strain test Determination of total plastic strain15 18 Test report16 BS EN 2002-005:2007 EN 2002-005:2007 (E) 3 Foreword
13、 This document (EN 2002-005:2007) has been prepared by the Aerospace and Defence Industries Association of Europe - Standardization (ASD-STAN). After enquiries and votes carried out in accordance with the rules of this Association, this Standard has received the approval of the National Associations
14、 and the Official Services of the member countries of ASD, prior to its presentation to CEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be w
15、ithdrawn at the latest by May 2008. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations,
16、 the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands,
17、 Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 2002-005:2007 EN 2002-005:2007 (E) 4 1 Scope This standard applies to uninterrupted constant-load tensile creep strain and stress-rupture testing of metallic materials governed by aerospa
18、ce standards. It defines the properties that may need to be determined and the terms used in describing tests and test pieces. It specifies the dimensions of test pieces and the method of testing. The duration of the creep strain and stress-rupture tests complying with this standard shall be less th
19、an 10 000 h and at temperatures not exceeding 1 100 C. This standard may also apply to metallic materials for test durations exceeding 10 000 h and/or for test temperatures exceeding 1 100 C providing that previous agreement has been reached between the manufacturer and the purchaser. 2 Normative re
20、ferences The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials Verifi
21、cation of static uniaxial testing machines Part 1: Tension/compression testing machines Verification and calibration of the force-measuring system (ISO 7500-1:2004) EN ISO 9513, Metallic materials Calibration of extensometers used in uniaxial testing (ISO 9513:1999) ASTM E 1012-91, Practice for veri
22、fication of specimen alignment under tensile loading. 1) 3 Principle The test consists in maintaining a test piece at a uniform temperature and subjecting it to a constant tensile force at that temperature in order to determine specified properties. 4 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this d
23、ocument, the following terms and definitions apply. 4.1 test piece portion of the test sample on which the creep strain or stress-rupture test is carried out (see Figures 1 to 5) 4.2 proportional test piece these test pieces have an original basis gauge length (Lo = Leo or Ls) which bears a specifie
24、d relationship to the cross-sectional area This ensures that comparable values for percentage elongation after rupture (A) are obtained from test pieces of different size but having the same relationship. The relationship Lo = 5,65 o S which for test pieces of circular cross section gives a value of
25、 Lo = 5 do has been accepted by international agreement and is preferred in the use of this standard. The relationship is indicated in the symbol for percentage elongation after rupture (A) as a subscript, e.g. A5 representing the ratio Lo/d. 1) Published by American Society for Testing and Material
26、s (ASTM), 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103. BS EN 2002-005:2007 EN 2002-005:2007 (E) 5 4.3 non-proportional test piece in cases where the original basis gauge length has not the defined relationship to the cross-sectional area, a subscript shall be used with the symbol for elongation A to in
27、dicate the gauge length, i.e. A40 mm 4.4 gauge length a length of the test piece on which elongation is measured at any moment during the test 4.5 measurement gauge length (Lm) the measurement gauge length shall be defined as either the extensometer gauge length Leo for test pieces measured with ext
28、ensometers gripping the parallel portion of the specimen or small annular ridges, when these are used, or the shoulder gauge length Ls for test pieces where extension is measured between points including the transition radii and/or gripping portions of the test piece The measurement gauge length (Lm
29、) is to be used only for the numerator in elongation calculations; that is, the change in length of that part of the test piece defined as Lm, whereas the basis gauge length, i.e. Leo or Ls, is to be used for the denominator. 4.6 extensometer gauge length (Leo) where an extensometer is attached dire
30、ctly to the parallel portion of the unloaded test piece, the extensometer gauge length (Leo) is equal to the distance between the points of contact of the extensometer measured at room temperature, and shall also be used as the corresponding basis gauge length Alternatively, the extensometer may be
31、attached to annular ridges on the parallel portion. In these cases, the basis gauge length to be used as the denominator in the elongation calculations shall be the equivalent gauge length, calculated as shown (see 4.7). 4.7 basis gauge length for elongation calculations (Leo or Ls) the equivalent g
32、auge length, i.e. the parallel length which would give the same extension, including all loaded portions of the test piece between the measuring points, except the gripped ends It shall be used as the denominator in all elongation calculations. For stress-rupture test pieces, it is recommended that
33、Leo or Ls be calculated from the following equation: Leo or Ls = Lc + 2 = k i iioLdd 1 2n )/( = 5,65 oS where: Lc is the parallel length between the annular ridges or test piece ends, with a diameter do, k is the number of sections of length Li with increasing diameter of di at the two transition ra
34、dii. The correct Lc shall be selected, so that the effective gauge length equals 5,65 o S. It is recommended to use n = 6 as a basis for comparison, although the actual n for many aerospace materials is 6. This is based on the “power law“ creep relationship: . p = n K 4.8 shoulder gauge length (Ls)
35、where the extension is measured at the test piece ends, or between reference marks on the enlarged ends of the test piece, the shoulder gauge length (Ls) shall be denoted The basis gauge length shall be calculated as in 4.7 and based on room temperature measurements, including all loaded portions of
36、 the test piece between the measuring points, except the gripped ends. BS EN 2002-005:2007 EN 2002-005:2007 (E) 6 4.9 parallel length (Lc) the length of the parallel portion of the test piece For some test pieces, Lc will be less than Lm, the applicable original gauge length. 4.10 extension (Le) the
37、 increase of the extensometer gauge length from the initial length, Leo or Leo, indicated at the test temperature before loading, to a value Le at a given moment during the test. 4.11 final measurement length after rupture (Lu) the measure of the applicable gauge length (Leu or Lsu) after the test p
38、iece has ruptured, measured at room temperature This may include the unstressed test piece ends, if the total length is used as the gauge length. 4.12 percentage elongation after rupture (A) the permanent increase in length (Lu Lm) of the applicable measurement gauge length, expressed as a percentag
39、e of the original applicable basis gauge length (Leo or Ls), for example: A = eo eou L LL 100, all measurements being made at room temperature 4.13 percentage extension during testing (Af) the increase of the applicable gauge length, at a given time under full load, expressed as a percentage of the
40、original applicable gauge length The initial plastic strain during loading shall not be included in Af, just the elongation after attainment of full load (see Figure 6). 4.14 percentage total plastic strain (Ap) the total plastic extension of the original applicable measurement gauge length (Leo or
41、Ls) inclusive of any plastic extensions during loading (i.e. the total extension excluding elastic extensions), expressed as a percentage of the original applicable basis gauge length (see Figures 6 and 7) 4.15 original section (So) the cross-sectional area of the gauge length of the test piece, det
42、ermined before testing 4.16 final section (Su) the minimum cross-sectional area of the test piece, after rupture 4.17 percentage reduction of area after rupture (Z) the maximum decrease of the cross-sectional area (So Su) expressed as a percentage of the original cross- sectional area (So), i.e. Z =
43、 o uo S SS 100 BS EN 2002-005:2007 EN 2002-005:2007 (E) 7 4.18 stress () the force on the test piece divided by the original cross-sectional area of the parallel portion It should be noted that the thermal expansion of the test piece during heating increases the effective cross- sectional area. The
44、effective stress is therefore slightly less than , which is based on room temperature. 4.19 rupture complete fracture of the test piece within the original gauge length under constant force and at constant temperature 4.20 time to rupture (tr) the total time, at the test temperature and the test for
45、ce, to the rupture of the test piece (see Figure 7) 4.21 time to specified total plastic strain (tp) the total time, at the test temperature and including the portion of the loading time after the loading curve deviates from an extension of the linear-elastic modulus line, until the specified total
46、plastic strain (Ap) is reached (see Figure 6) 4.22 theoretical stress concentration factor (Kt) the ratio of the greatest in the region of a notch as determined by the theory of elasticity to the corresponding nominal stress Kt = nom. peak where Kt is the theoretical stress concentration factor; pea
47、k is the peak stress by notch; nom. is the nominal stress. 5 Symbols and abbreviations See Table 1 and Figures 1 to 5. BS EN 2002-005:2007 EN 2002-005:2007 (E) 8 Table 1 Symbol Unit Designation a mm Thickness of test section of test piece of rectangular cross-section A % Percentage elongation after
48、rupture Af % Percentage strain during testing Ap % Percentage total plastic strain Notch angle b mm Width of test section of test piece of rectangular cross-section d mm Diameter of test section of test piece of circular cross-section dn mm Diameter of test piece at root of notch Dn mm Diameter of t
49、he parallel portion of a notched test piece of circular cross-section Kt Theoretical stress concentration factor of a notched test piece Lc mm Parallel length Le mm Extensometer gauge length (Leo = initial ; Leu = final) Lo, Leo or Ls mm Basis gauge length for elongation calculations Le mm Extension of extensometer gauge length Lm mm Measurement gauge length Ln mm Parallel length of the test piece containing the notch Ls mm Shoulder gauge length for test without extensome