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1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 584-2 : 1997 The Eu
2、ropean Standard EN 584-2 : 1996 has the status of a British Standard ICS 19.100; 37.040.99 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Non-destructive testing Industrial radiographic film Part 2. Control of film processing by means of reference values BS EN 584-2 : 1997 Th
3、is British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 June 1997 BSI 1997 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference WEE/46 Draft fo
4、r comment 94/706632 DC ISBN 0 580 27474 8 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateText affected Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee WEE/46, Non-destructive testing, upon which the following bodies were
5、 represented: Association of Consulting Engineers BNF Fulmer Materials Centre British Chemical Engineering Contractors Association British Coal Corporation British Gas Plc British Institute of Non-destructive Testing British Iron and Steel Producers Association British Nuclear Fuels Plc British Rail
6、ways Board Castings Technology International Electricity Association Engineering Equipment and Materials Users Association Health and Safety Executive Institute of Physics Institute of Quality Assurance Lloyds Register of Shipping Ministry of Defence National Radiological Protection Board Power Gene
7、ration Contractors Association PGCA (BEAMA Ltd.) Railway Industry Association Royal Society of Chemistry Safety Assessment Federation Ltd. Society of British Aerospace Companies Limited Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Limited United Kingdom Accreditation Service Welding Institute The foll
8、owing bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard, through subcommittees and panels: British Photographic Association National Nuclear Corporation Ltd. West Bromwich College of Commerce and Technology BS EN 584-2 : 1997 BSI 1997i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cove
9、r National forewordii Foreword2 Text of EN 584-23 ii BSI 1997 BS EN 584-2 : 1997 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee WEE/46 and is the English language version of EN 584-2 : 1996 Non-destructive testing Industrial radiographic film Part 2: Control of film
10、 processing by means of reference values, published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Cross-references Publication referred toCorresponding British Standard EN 584-1BS EN 584-1 : 1995 Non-destructive testing Industrial radiographic film Classification of film systems for industria
11、l radiography Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages 2 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover. CEN European Committee fo
12、r Standardization Comite Europe en de Normalisation Europa isches Komitee fu r Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1996 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref. No. EN 584-2 : 1996 E EUROPEAN STANDARDEN 584-2 NORME EUROPE ENNE EUROPA ISCHE NORM December 1996 ICS 19.100 Des
13、criptors: Non-destructive tests, industrial radiography, radiographic film, inspection, reproducibility, sensitivity: photography, classifications English version Non-destructive testing Industrial radiographic film Part2: Control of film processing by means of reference values Essais non destructif
14、s Film pour radiographie industrielle Partie 2 : Contro le du traitement des films au moyen de valeurs de re fe rence Zersto rungsfreie Pru fung Industrielle Filme fu r die Durchstrahlungspru fung Teil 2 : Kontrolle der Filmverarbeitung mit Hilfe von Referenzwerten This European Standard was approve
15、d by CEN on 1996-12-06. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standa
16、rds may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to t
17、he Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Page 2
18、EN 584-2 : 1996 BSI 1997 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 138, Non-destructive testing, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by
19、endorsement, at the latest by June 1997, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 1997. A second part of this standard is: EN 584-1Non-destructive testing Industrial radiographic film Part 1: Classification of film systems for industrial radiography According to th
20、e CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerla
21、nd and the United Kingdom. Contents Page Foreword2 Introduction3 1Scope3 2Normative references 3Definitions3 4Manufacturing of pre-exposed film strips for control of the processing system3 5User verification of compliance with a classified film system6 6Interpretation of results7 7Checking intervals
22、7 8Documentation of results7 9Compliance with film system classification7 Annex A(informative) Method for processing control8 Page 3 EN 584-2 : 1996 BSI 1997 Introduction The purpose of this standard is to describe a procedure for the control of the film processing systems by users by processing cal
23、ibrated pre-exposed strips. The strips are exposed to X-rays and are accompanied by a certificate from the film strip manufacturer. The user processes the pre-exposed strips in the system and records the results. In this standard, clause 4 shows the responsibility of the film strip manufacturer. The
24、 user is responsible for clauses 5 to 8 which show compliance with the chosen system classification. 1 Scope This standard describes the procedure for the control of film processing systems. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from oth
25、er publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or
26、 revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 584-1 : 1994Non-destructive testing Industrial radiographic film Part 1: Classification of film systems for industrial radiography 3 Definitions For the purposes of this standard, the following definition
27、s apply. 3.1 film system Combination of film and film processing which is carried out in accordance with the instructions of film manufacturer and/or the manufacturer of the processing chemicals (EN 584-1 : 1994). 3.2 film system class A classification taking into account limiting values given in ta
28、ble 1 of EN 584-1: 1994. 3.3 film strip A piece of film material on which a step wedge can be exposed. 3.4 pre-exposed film strip A film strip that is pre-exposed so as to present at least ten different densities after processing. 3.5 net density Optical density without base and fog density. 4 Manuf
29、acturing of pre-exposed film strips for control of the processing system 4.1 Size The film strips shall have a minimum exposed area of 15 mm 3 100 mm. The pre-exposed film strips have different fields: a step wedge for density measurements and a blank field for base plus fog density and long term st
30、orage time test. 4.2 Selection of film strip type The selected type of film for film strips shall have a response to processing which is representative for the set of films as classified according to EN 584-1. 4.3 Examples of production of pre-exposed film strips The exposure arrangement is shown in
31、 figure 1. The step wedge design is described in figure 2 and table 1. A different design and material can be used if same density steps are provided. The successive steps of the film strip shall be exposed in order to obtain density increments of about 0,3 after processing, for example by a step we
32、dge as described in table 1 and figure 2. Appropriate precautions against scattered radiation have to be taken. The radiation source is a constant potential X-ray tube operated at approximately 150 kV. The exposure time is chosen in this way as to obtain a net density of approximately 2,0 at one of
33、the first six steps (going from low to high densities) of the step wedge after processing the pre-exposed film strip in the conditions of the system classified according to EN 584-1. Table 1. Height of steps; material: fine-grained copper Step No.Height for 150 kV mm 111,7 210,8 310,0 49,3 58,8 68,2
34、 77,7 87,3 96,9 106,5 BSI 1997 Page 4 EN 584-2 : 1996 Dimensions in millimetres Figure 1. Example of an exposure arrangement Page 5 EN 584-2 : 1996 BSI 1997 Figure 2. Step wedge 4.4 Measurement fields and determination of reference values The steps for determination of reference values shall be as f
35、ollows (see figure 3): step X: the step with a net optical density closest to D = 2,0; step X + 4: the step with a higher density which is four steps from X. To obtain the reference values, at least five pre-exposed film strips shall be processed in a classified film system. The resulting optical de
36、nsities shall have a maximum tolerance DD =0,1. The reference values are obtained as follows: Reference speed index Sr: The average value of the net densities of step X is calculated. The speed index reference is equal to this average value, rounded to one decimal. Reference contrast index Cr: The a
37、verage value of the net densities of step X + 4 is calculated. The reference contrast index reference is the positive difference of the average densities of the steps X and X + 4, rounded to one decimal. Dimensions in millimetres Figure 3. Example of test strip. Position and density of steps X and X
38、 + 4 on the strip may vary Page 6 EN 584-2 : 1996 BSI 1997 4.5 Pre-exposed film strip-certificate Pre-exposed strips shall always be accompanied by a certificate containing the following data: a description of the processing system specifying the processor, the chemistry, the processing cycle and th
39、e temperature; the brand name and type of the pre-exposed film strip; the reference values for speed index and contrast index and the step numbers for calculating the corresponding indexes. The following data shall be displayed as shown: processing: manual or automatic; developer, type, time, temper
40、ature; fixer, type, time, temperature; test strip: brand name; type; speed index: reference speed index (Sr); reference speed step (X); contrast index: reference contrast index (Cr); reference contrast step (X + 4). 4.6 Storage of pre-exposed film strips Pre-exposed film strips shall be stored in a
41、cool and dry place. The manufacturer shall give the expiry date and storage conditions. 5 User verification of compliance with a classified film system 5.1 General For testing compliance with a classified film system, pre-exposed film strip and film type of the film system under verification shall b
42、e of the same brand. If the reference value cannot be achieved at the time of installation of the processing system, the temperature of the developer may be adjusted with 2 K from the temperature which was specified in the pre-exposed film strip-certificate according to 4.5. 5.2 Processing condition
43、s 5.2.1 Automatic processing The automatic processor shall be set and maintained according to the recommendation of the manufacturers. To avoid transient changes of processing quality during start up, start up procedures as recommended by the manufacturer have to be followed before developing of the
44、 pre-exposed film strips. If the automatic processor is running continuously, pre-exposed film strips may be processed without conditioning. 5.2.2 Manual processing The processing chemicals shall be mixed, replenished and temperature controlled according to the specified film system classification a
45、nd the recommendations of the film manufacturer. 5.3 Processing of pre-exposed film strips To achieve good transport through the automatic processor, the recommendations of the manufacturers, considering processing and transport of small sized films, shall be followed. 5.4 Evaluation of the pre-expo
46、sed film strips 5.4.1 Calibration of densitometer For the measurements of optical densities, a densitometer with a minimum optical density range from D = 0 to D = 4 shall be used. The densitometer shall be calibrated using a reference wedge. The densitometer shall be considered calibrated, when the
47、measured optical densities of the reference wedge match the specified optical densities within0,1. 5.4.2 Parameters for processing system evaluation The parameters for evaluation of the processing system are obtained as follows: CX(contrast index): This is the difference between density DX + 4of ste
48、p X + 4 and the density DXof step X referred to a reference speed index Sr, to eliminate speed influences. To calculate the contrast index CX, the following formula is used: CX= (DX +42 DX) 3 Sr SX where D0is the density of step 0; DXis the density of step X; SXis the speed index DX2 D0. 5.4.3 Contr
49、ol of fixing and washing The achieved quality of processed film depends partly on residual thiosulfate in the film emulsion layers due to poor fixing or washing conditions. To evaluate fixing and washing, the following test shall be performed. Use 10 g of silver nitrate and 30 g of acetic acid per litre of distilled water. One drop of the test solution is applied to a blank part of the processed film. After 2 min the excess fluid is removed. This procedure is repeated on the other side