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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 61315:1997 IEC 61315: 1995 Calibration of fibre optic power meters The European Standard EN 61315:1997 has the status of a British Standard ICS 33.180.99 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 11 09:54:14 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 61315:1997
2、 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Electrotechnical Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 August 1997 BSI 03-2000 ISBN 0 580 27782 8 National foreword This British Standard is the English language versi
3、on of EN 61315:1997. It is identical with IEC 61315:1995. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EPL/86, Fibre optics, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquirie
4、s on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. From 1 January 1997, all IEC
5、 publications have the number 60000 added to the old number. For instance, IEC 27-1 has been renumbered as IEC 60027-1. For a period of time during the change over from one numbering system to the other, publications may contain identifiers from both systems. Cross-references Attention is drawn to t
6、he fact that Annex ZA lists normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications. The British Standards which implement these international or European publications may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Stan
7、dards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Stand
8、ard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages 2 to 50, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
9、amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 11 09:54:14 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 61315:1997 BSI 03-2000i Contents
10、 Page National forewordInside front cover Foreword2 Text of EN 613155 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 11 09:54:14 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ii blank Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 11 09:54:14 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEA
11、N STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 61315 May 1997 ICS 33.140; 33.180.01 Descriptors: Calibration of fibre optic power meters English version Calibration of fibre optic power meters (IEC 1315:1995) Etalonnage des radiomtres pour sources fibres (CEI 1315:1995) Kalibrierung faseroptischer Le
12、istungsmesser (IEC 1315:1995) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 1997-03-11. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-d
13、ate lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation unde
14、r the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, L
15、uxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B-1050 Br
16、ussels 1997 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN 61315:1997 E Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 11 09:54:14 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 61315:1997 BSI 03-2000 2 Foreword The text of the
17、 International Standard IEC 1315:1995, prepared by IEC TC 86, Fibre optics, was submitted to the formal vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 61315 on 1997-03-11 without any modification. The following dates were fixed: Annexes designated “normative” are part of the body of the standard. Annexes de
18、signated “informative” are given for information only. In this standard, Annex A and Annex ZA are normative and Annex B is informative. Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 1315:1995 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without a
19、ny modification. Contents Page Foreword2 Section 1. General 1.1Introduction5 1.2Scope6 1.3Normative references6 Section 2. Basis of calibrations 2.1Definitions6 2.2Mathematical basis13 2.2.1Deviations and correction factors13 2.2.2Systematic uncertainties14 2.2.3Random uncertainties14 2.2.4Accumulat
20、ion of uncertainties15 2.2.5Reporting16 2.3General advice for accurate measurements and calibrations16 2.3.1Organization16 2.3.2Calibration methods and procedure16 2.3.3Advice for measurements and calibrations17 2.3.4Recommendations to customers18 Section 3. Calibration at reference conditions 3.1Ca
21、libration at reference conditions18 3.1.1Establishing the reference conditions19 3.1.2Transfer and correction factor20 3.1.3Uncertainty at reference conditions21 3.2Transfer-related corrections and uncertainty22 3.2.1Transfer-related correction factors and uncertainties caused by the parent meter23
22、3.2.1.1Ageing (transfer-related correction factor and uncertainty of the parent meter due to ageing)25 3.2.1.2Temperature dependence (transfer-related correction factor and uncertainty of the parent meter due to temperature dependence)25 3.2.1.3Nonlinearity (transfer-related correction factor and un
23、certainty of the parent meter due to nonlinearity)25 3.2.1.4Dependence on beam geometry (transfer-related correction factor and uncertainty of the parent meter due to beam geometry)25 latest date by which the EN has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard
24、 or by endorsement(dop) 1998-03-01 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn(dow) 1998-03-01 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 11 09:54:14 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 61315:1997 BSI 03-20003 Page 3.2.1.5Dependence on
25、multiple reflections (transfer-related correction factor and uncertainty of the parent meter due to multiple reflections)25 3.2.1.6Wavelength dependence (transfer-related correction factor and uncertainty of the parent meter due to wavelength dependence)26 3.2.1.7Dependence on spectral bandwidth (tr
26、ansfer-related correction factor and uncertainty of the parent meter due to dependence on spectral bandwidth)26 3.2.1.8Other dependences (transfer-related correction factor and uncertainty of the parent meter due to other dependences)26 3.2.1.9Dependence on state of polarization26 3.2.2Transfer-rela
27、ted uncertainties caused by the test meter26 3.2.2.1Temperature dependence (transfer uncertainty of the test meter due to temperature dependence) 27 3.2.2.2Dependence on beam geometry (transfer uncertainty of the test meter due to beam geometry)27 3.2.2.3Dependence on multiple reflections (transfer
28、uncertainty of the test meter due to multiple reflections)27 3.2.2.4Wavelength dependence (transfer uncertainty of the test meter due to wavelength dependence)27 3.2.2.5Dependence on spectral bandwidth (transfer uncertainty of the test meter due to spectral bandwidth)27 3.2.2.6Dependence on state of
29、 polarization (transfer uncertainty of the test meter due to dependence on the state of polarization)27 3.2.2.7Other dependences (transfer uncertainties of the test meter due to other dependences)28 3.2.3Corrections and systematic uncertainties due to extension28 3.2.4Other corrections and systemati
30、c uncertainties28 3.2.5Random uncertainty of comparison28 3.2.6Other random uncertainties29 3.3Documentation29 3.3.1Specifications29 3.3.2Traceability information29 Page Section 4. Calibration for operating conditions 4.1Determining the total uncertainty30 4.2Determining the operational uncertainty3
31、0 4.2.1Operational dependences and uncertainties31 4.2.1.1Ageing32 4.2.1.2Temperature dependence32 4.2.1.3Nonlinearity32 4.2.1.4Dependence on the type of fibre or on the beam geometry33 4.2.1.4.1 Measurement of the fibre dependence34 4.2.1.4.2 Measurement of open beam dependence34 4.2.1.5Dependence
32、on the connector-adapter combination34 4.2.1.6Wavelength dependence35 4.2.1.7Dependence on the spectral bandwidth 35 4.2.1.8Other dependences36 4.3Specifications36 Annex A (normative) Forms and worksheets37 Annex B (informative) Bibliographic references50 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to
33、 international publications with their corresponding European publicationsInside back cover Figure 1 Systematic uncertainty, deviation and correction factor, and how to replace the latter by an appropriately larger uncertainty14 Figure 2 Measurement setup for sequential, fibre based calibration17 Fi
34、gure 3 Example of a calibration chain and of the accumulation of uncertainties19 Figure 4 Calculation of the test meter uncertainty at reference conditions22 Figure 5 Change of condition and tolerance band as cause of transfer-related deviation and uncertainty of the parent meter23 Figure 6 Determin
35、ing and recording an operational uncertainty31 Figure 7 Possible subdivision of the optical reference plane into 10 10 squares, for the measurement of the spatial response33 Figure 8 Forms that guide through the calibration at reference conditions of section 337 Figure 9 Forms that guide through the
36、 calibration for operating conditions of section 437 Table 1 Typical calibration methods and correspondent power levels16 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 11 09:54:14 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 4 blank Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 11 09:54:14
37、 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 61315:1997 BSI 03-20005 Section 1. General 1.1 Introduction Fibre optic power meters are designed to measure optical power from fibre optic sources as accurately as possible. This capability depends largely on the quality of the calibration process. In
38、contrast to other types of measuring equipment, the measurement results of fibre optic power meters usually depend on many parameters. A precise description of these parameters must therefore be an integral part of the calibration, because the specified uncertainty can only be valid for these “refer
39、ence” conditions. This International Standard standardizes all of the steps involved in the calibration process: establishing the reference conditions, carrying out the calibration, calculating the uncertainty, and reporting the uncertainty, the reference conditions, and the traceability. Another im
40、portant goal is to create a standardized type of power meter specification, which will make it easier to compare power meters from different vendors. The document is divided into four sections and two annexes. Section 1. General This contains the introduction, the scope, and the normative references
41、. Section 2. Basis for calibrations This contains the definitions, the mathematical basis and general advice. Section 3. Calibration at reference conditions This describes how to determine the difference between the power meter measurement result and the “true” input power, and it outlines the calcu
42、lation of the power meter uncertainty at reference conditions. The uncertainty analysis starts with the “uncertainty at reference conditions” of the national working standard. The “uncertainty at reference conditions” of the next lower level instrument is accumulated, by the root-sum-square method,
43、from: 1) the “uncertainty at reference conditions” of the parent meter (that is of the standard used in the specific step of the calibration; at the beginning of the chain, the national working standard is the parent meter); 2) the transfer uncertainty of the parent meter, accumulated from individua
44、l systematic-type uncertainties of the transfer process which can be attributed to the parent meter (for example the ageing of the parent meter from the time of its original calibration to its usage in the present calibration, or the uncertainty caused by a change of beam geometry); 3) the transfer
45、uncertainty of the test meter (that is of the next level power meter), again accumulated from individual systematic type uncertainties of the transfer process which can be attributed to the test meter (for example as caused by the uncertainty of the calibration wavelength); 4) the random uncertainty
46、, calculated from the measured experimental standard deviation of the calibration process and the number of averages used in the calculation of the measurement results. This is a repetitive process. It ends with the “uncertainty at reference conditions” of the test meter. The calculations go through
47、 detailed characterizations of individual uncertainties. It is important to know that: a) most of the individual uncertainties can simply be considered to be part of a checklist, with an actual value which can be neglected; b) estimations of the individual uncertainties are acceptable; c) a detailed
48、 uncertainty analysis is only necessary once for each power meter type under test, and that all subsequent calibrations can be based on this one-time analysis. Calibration according to section 3 is mandatory for power meters compatible with this standard. Section 4. Calibration for operating conditi
49、ons This describes the evaluation of the power meter dependences on the operating conditions. One of these dependences, the nonlinearity, is often determined in a separate calibration. The “operational dependences” are necessary for the evaluation of the uncertainty at reference conditions in section 3, and for the evaluation of the power meter total uncertainty in section 4. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 11 09:54:14 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 61315:1997 6 BSI 03-2000 The “total uncertainty” is ca