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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO 10534-1:2001 Acoustics Determination of sound absorption coefficient and impedance in impedance tubes Part 1: Method using standing wave ratio The European Standard EN ISO 10534-1:2001 has the status of a British Standard ICS 91.120.20; 17.140 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMIS
2、SION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 18 06:54:42 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN ISO 10534-1:2001 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Health and Environment Sector Policy and Strategy Committ
3、ee, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 2 November 2001 BSI 2 November 2001 ISBN 0 580 38636 8 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN ISO 10534-1:2001. It is identical with ISO 10534-1:1996. The UK partic
4、ipation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EH/1/6, Building acoustics, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or Euro
5、pean publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the nece
6、ssary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee an
7、y enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN ISO title page, the EN ISO fore
8、word page, the ISO title page, pages ii and iii, a blank page, pages 1 to 20, the annex ZA page and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffi
9、eldun, na, Sat Nov 18 06:54:42 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 10534-1 June 2001 ICS 17.140.01 English version Acoustics - Determination of sound absorption coefficient and impedance in impedances tubes - Part 1: Method using standi
10、ng wave ratio (ISO 10534-1:1996) Acoustique - Dtermination du facteur dabsorption acoustique et de limpdance acoustique laide du tube dimpdance - Partie 1: Mthode du taux dondes stationnaires (ISO 10534-1:1996) Akustik - Bestimmung des Schallabsorptionsgrades und der Impedanz in Impedanzrohren - Tei
11、l 1: Verfahren mit Stehwellenverhltnis (ISO 10534-1:1996) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 May 2001. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without an
12、y alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by t
13、ranslation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland
14、, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2001 CENAll rights of exploitation in any for
15、m and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 10534-1:2001 E Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 18 06:54:42 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI gaPe 2 I NESO 01-4351:0210 Foreword The text of the International Standard from Technical Committe
16、e ISO/TC 43 “Acoustics“ of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has been taken over as an European Standard by Technical Committee CEN/TC 126 “Acoustic properties of building products and of buildings“, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be gi
17、ven the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2001, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2001. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organiz
18、ations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The
19、text of the International Standard ISO 10534-1:1996 has been approved by CEN as a European Standard without any modification. NOTE: Normative references to International Standards are listed in annex ZA (normative). EN ISO 105341:2001 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 18 06:54:42 G
20、MT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 10534-l First edition 1996-I 2-l 5 Acoustics - Determination of sound absorption coefficient and impedance in impedance tubes - Part 1: Method using standing wave ratio Acoustique - Dgtermination du facteur dabsorption acoustique e
21、t de /imp f is the frequency; CO is the speed of sound. 35 . impedance in the reference plane, 2,: Ratio at the the the the v(O) the reference plane of the sound pressure p to sound particle velocity v: In general the wave number is complex, so ko. = ko - jko” zr = p/v 3.6 surface impedance, Z: Comp
22、lex ratio of sound pressure p(O) to the normal component of sound particle velocity v(O) at the reference plane. k, is the real component (ko = 27c/ k,” is the imaginary component which is the at- tenuation constant in nepers per metre. 3.7 surface admittance, G: Complex ratio of normal component of
23、 the sound particle velocity to the sound pressure p(O) in the reference plane. 3.15 phase of reflection (factor), : Results from the representation of the complex reflection factor by magnitude and phase: 3.8 surface admittance, G,: Admittance component at, and normal to, the surface of the test ob
24、ject. r= r + jr“ = lri. ej = Irl (cos + jsin ) 3.9 characteristic impedance, Zo: Field impedance (in the direction of propagation) in a single plane wave: II J r = ,12 + y”2 di=arctanc 20 = Poco r r = I I r COS I/ r = r sin I I where PO is the density of the medium (air); CO is the speed of sound in
25、 the medium. 1) To be published. (Revision of IS0 266:1975) 2 EN ISO 105341:2001 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 18 06:54:42 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI IS0 IS0 10534=1:1996(E) 3.16 working frequency range, f: Range within which measurements can be performed in a g
26、iven impedance tube: Ji + P,Cx = z PiCx + P,Cx y(x) + v,(x) O PiCx)- P,(x) * * 6) 5.3 Inter-relationships At the reference plane x = 0, therefore %*a z=z(o)=z, 1 . . . (7) - from which follows (Z/Zo)- 1 r= (Z/Z(J)+1 . . . (8) The sound absorption coefficient cx for plane waves is a=l-lr12 . . . (9)
27、where I . . . I indicates the magnitude of a complex quantity. Equations (7) to (9) are the inter-relationships between the quantities which are determined according to this part of IS0 10534. If the reference plane is in the sur- face of a flat test object, these quantities are the sur- face impeda
28、nce, the reflection factor (for normal sound incidence) and the absorption coefficient (for normal sound incidence) of the test object, respec- tively. If the reference plane is in front of the test ob- ject (X 0), the absorption coefficient remains unchanged; the reflection factor r and the impedan
29、ce Z will change to quantities which are said to be “transformed to a distance”, namely the distance between the reference plane and the object surface. This concept is used sometimes in connection with structured test objects (see 9.1 and clause 10). 5.4 Standing wave A pressure maximum in the stan
30、ding wave occurs when pi and pr are in phase, i.e. IPmaxI = IPol-(l+ lrl) . . . (10) A pressure site phases minimum occurs when they are in oppo- Using the standing wave ratio I+1 I I- S =- I II and -r s = lpmax l/iPmin 1 . I I s- I r =- s+l . . (12) . . . (13) . . . (14) 5.5 Sound absorption coeffi
31、cient The sound absorption coefficient then follows from equations (9), (12) and (14) with the measured ampli- tudes lpmax I and lpmin I at a given frequency. If the sound pressure in the impedance tube is meas- ured in a logarithmic scale (in decibels), and the differ- ence in level between the pre
32、ssure maximum and the pressure minimum is AL dB, then s = 1 ow20 . . . (15) The sound absorption coefficient then follows from 4 x 1 oM*O a= (1 o”*O + I)2 . . . (16) 5.6 Reflection factor The phase angle CD of the complex reflection factor r= I I r +.i . . . (17) follows from the mum in the stand ph
33、ase co ndition for a pressure mini- ing wave 0 + (2n - 1)7C = 2kOXmin n , for the .th minimum (n = 1, 2,. ) in front of the ence plane (towards the sound source). From this it follows that t 4x ” =n: mln,n_2n+l a0 1 refer- . . . (19) 4 EN ISO 105341:2001 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, S
34、at Nov 18 06:54:42 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 0 0SI 0SI )E(6991:1=43501 and for the first minimum (n = 1) The test equipment shall be checked before use by a series of tests. These help to exclude error sources and to secure the minimum requirements. Procedures . . . (20) for these t
35、ests are given in annex B. The complex reflection factor is then r= rp + jrfr 0 0 . PI) 6.1 Impedance tube 6.1 .I Construction r = I I r -COS . . . (22) N r = r l sin I I . . . (23 5.7 llmpedance From equation (7) one obtains the normalized imped- ance 2 = Z/Zo: z=z+ jz“ . . . (24) I- r2 - r”* ” = (
36、I _ r)* + r”2 . . . /I - 2 - 2 rN (I- ,* + r”* . . . (25) (26) The impedance tube shall be straight, with a constant cross-section (to within 0,2 %) and with rigid, smooth, non-porous walls without holes or slits in the test section. The walls shall be heavy and thick enough (preferably made from me
37、tal or, for tubes of larger cross-sections, from tight and smooth concrete) not to be excited to vibration by the sound signal, and not to show vibration resonances in the working fre- quency range of the tube. For metal walls, a thickness of about 5 % or about 10 % of the cross-dimension is recomme
38、nded for circular or rectangular tubes, re- spectively. Tube walls made out of concrete shall be sealed by a smooth tight and highly adhesive finish. The same holds for tube walls made of wood. These should be re-inforced and damped by an external coating of steel or lead sheets. The shape of the cr
39、oss-section of the tube is arbitrary, in principle. Circular or rectangular cross-sections are recommended (if rectangular, then preferably square). 5.8 Wavelength The wavelength il, at the frequency f of the sound signal follows either from the equation If rectangular tubes are composed from plates
40、, care shall be taken that there are no slits in the corners (e.g. by sealing with adhesives or with a finish). a0 = co/f . . . (27) 6.1.2 Working frequency range where co is the sound velocity (for the determination of co see annex A), or from the distance between two pressure minima of the standin
41、g wave (with a rigid termination of the impedance tube) which are num- bered IZ and m, respectively see equation (19) 2 a 0 = z ( Xmin,n - Xmin,m ) . . . (28) 6 Test equipment uipment consists of an impedance tube, a The test eq test-sample move and processing loudspeaker termination ter. holder, a
42、probe microphone, a device to position the probe microphone, signal- equipment for the microphone signal, a l , a signal generator, possibly an absorber of the impedance tube, and a thermome- The working frequency range 6 Z(X) c-z zcos kOx + jsin kox . . . 20 cos kox + j.zsin k,x - connection of lay
43、ers to each other (glued or other), (38) - partition walls normal to the surface in the test object; The normalized impedance at the object surface X = - D is therefore e) mounting conditions of the test object in the tube; z(-D) = 2 (coskoD+ z”qsinkoD)2 + ($sink,D) + f 1 number of test samples of t
44、he test object; cos* koD - sin* koD)- (I - z* - z”) sinkoDcosk D O I g) inner dimensions of the impedance tube and its A shaoe: (coskOD + z”sinkoD) + ( 11 Test report 9 type of probe microphone probe tube); i.e. with or without . I) maximum value and minimum value (in decibels) of the standing wave
45、ratio in the test section and in the working frequency range from the tests in annex B; The test report shall contain the following items: a) name of the test laboratory; k) distance of the reference plane from the surface of the test object, if larger than zero, and if so, indication whether the re
46、sults are corrected to the object surface or not; b) date of the test; d name of the producer and tradename object, if it is a commercial product; of the test 1) statement as to whether or not a correction for tube atten uation has been applied; d) description of the test object including its acous-
47、 tically relevant characteristics, i.e. re presentat graphical ion of the test results in tabular and/or 1) structural data such as form; 12 EN ISO 105341:2001 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 18 06:54:42 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 0 0SI 0SI )E(6991:1-43501 n) temp
48、erature and atmospheric pressure; o) statement that the tests were performed in agreement with this part of IS0 10534, if this is true in all details. If more than one test sample is tested for one test object, both the individual results for each test sample as well as the average shall be given. I
49、f different im- pedance tubes were used for a wider frequency range of tests, the working frequency ranges of the tubes shall overlap by about one octave. Test results from different impedance tubes shall not be averaged at the overlap frequencies but shall be given (and plot- ted) separately. If the sound absorption coefficient is determined and represented in graphs over frequency, the abscissa shall be logarithmic with a scale of 100 mm per fre- quency decade, and the ordinate shall be linear with 100 mm for t