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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 11500:1997 Incorporating Amendment No. 1 Hydraulic fluid power Determination of particulate contamination by automatic counting using the light extinction principle ICS 23.100.01 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 06:49:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy
2、, (c) BSI BS ISO 11500:1997 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 November 1997 BSI 05-1999 ISBN 0 580 28757 2 National foreword This British Standard repro
3、duces verbatim ISO 11500:1997 and implements it as the UK national standard The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MCE/18, Fluid Power Systems and Components, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible inter
4、national/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its
5、 secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Sta
6、ndards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of p
7、ages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 6 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the ins
8、ide front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments 10311January 1999 Indicated by a sideline in the margin Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 06:49:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 11500:1997 BSI 05-1999i Contents Page National forewordI
9、nside front cover Forewordiii Text of ISO 115001 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 06:49:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ii blank Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 06:49:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Licensed Copy: sheffieldun s
10、heffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 06:49:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 11500:1997 ii BSI 05-1999 Contents Page Forewordiii Introduction1 1Scope1 2Normative references1 3Definitions1 4Apparatus2 5Materials2 6Procedures3 7Test report5 Annex A (informative) Bibliography6 Licensed Copy: s
11、heffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 06:49:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 11500:1997 BSI 05-1999iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing Internationa
12、l Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO,
13、also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Intern
14、ational Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 11500 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 131, Fluid power systems, Subcommittee SC 6, Contamination control and hydraulic fluids. Annex of this International Standard is for in
15、formation only. Descriptors: Hydraulic fluid power, hydraulic fluids, contamination, suspended matters, tests, determination, particle density (concentration), size classification. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 06:49:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iv blank Lic
16、ensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 06:49:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 11500:1997 BSI 05-19991 Introduction In hydraulic fluid power systems, power is transmitted and controlled through a liquid under pressure within an enclosed circuit. The liquid is both a l
17、ubricant and a power-transmitting medium. The presence of solid contaminant particles in the liquid interferes with the ability of the hydraulic fluid to lubricate and causes wear to the components. The extent of contamination in the fluid has a direct bearing on the performance and reliability of t
18、he system, and needs to be controlled to levels which are considered appropriate for the system concerned. Quantitative determination of particulate contamination requires precision in obtaining the sample and in determining the extent of contamination. The liquid automatic particle counter (APC) wh
19、ich works on the light extinction principle, has become an accepted means of determining the extent of contaminant. The accuracy of particle count data can be affected by the techniques used. This International Standard details procedures for the analysis of contaminated liquid samples using an auto
20、matic particle counter. Use of an automatic particle counter will help to reduce errors and will enhance the accuracy of reproducibility in data. 1 Scope 1.1 This International Standard specifies a liquid automatic particle counting procedure for determining the particle size distribution and number
21、 of particles present in hydraulic fluid bottle samples taken in accordance with an approved procedure. Measurements are generally made with the particles suspended in the original liquid. 1.2 In general, this method of quantitative analysis is suitable for monitoring the contamination level in hydr
22、aulic systems; the progress of a flushing operation; support equipment and test rigs; packaged stock. 1.3 The use of this technique is only applicable to clear, homogeneous single-phase liquids; the presence of a fluid interface will obstruct the light beam and give false signals. 2 Normative refere
23、nces The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Sta
24、ndard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 3448:1992, Industrial liquid lubricants ISO viscosity classification. ISO 3722:1976, Hy
25、draulic fluid power Fluid sample containers Qualifying and controlling cleaning methods. ISO 3938:1986, Hydraulic fluid power Contamination analysis Method for reporting analysis data. ISO 4402:1991, Hydraulic fluid power Calibration of automatic-count instruments for particles suspended in liquids
26、Method using classified AC Fine Test Dust contaminant. ISO 4406:1987, Hydraulic fluid power Fluids Code for defining the level of contamination by solid particles. ISO 4407:1991, Hydraulic fluid power Fluid contamination Determination of particulate contamination by the counting method using a micro
27、scope. ISO 4572:, Hydraulic fluid power Filters Multi-pass method for evaluating filtration performance of a filter element1). 3 Definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply. 3.1 agglomerates two or more particles which are in intimate contact and cann
28、ot be separated by gentle stirring and the small shear forces thus generated 3.2 coincidence presence of more than one particle in the sensing volume at the same time 1) To be published. (Revision of ISO 4572:1981) Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 06:49:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncon
29、trolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 11500:1997 2 BSI 05-1999 NOTECoincidence causes an overcount of larger particles and an undercount of smaller particles. The coincidence limit of the counter (not to be confused with the saturation limit) is the maximum acceptable concentration of all particles larger th
30、an the size of the smallest particle detectable by the instrument. This concentration is normally given by the instrument manufacturer with a note indicating the probability of coincidence. Coincidence is reduced by dilution (see 6.7). 3.3 light extinction reduction in intensity of a light beam pass
31、ing through the sensing volume caused by absorption and/or scattering of the light by single particles 3.4 “noise” level (of the instrument) minimum voltage setting of the detection circuit below which spurious signals of electrical noise become significant and are counted as particles 3.5 saturatio
32、n level saturation of the electronic circuitry when it ceases to function correctly due to an excessive particle concentration NOTESaturation may also arise when analysing samples containing a very large number of particles whose size is smaller than the minimum size detected by the instrument. Most
33、 particle distributions cause a coincidence problem before the instrument experiences saturation. 3.6 sensing volume illuminated volume through which particles pass and are detected 4 Apparatus 4.1 Liquid automatic particle counter (APC), based on the light extinction principle, consisting of an ins
34、trument to size and record the electrical signals generated by the passage of single particles through a sensor suitable for counting within the specified range. The particle counter shall include an automatic bottle sampling apparatus or a similar means of allowing for the passage of liquid directl
35、y to the sensor and then into a measuring vessel, without altering the contaminant distribution. If gas is used to force the liquid through the sensor, the gas shall be filtered through a 0,45 4m filter and shall be free from oil and water. 4.2 Electronic balance, calibrated, with a resolution of 0,
36、1 mg. 4.3 Volumetric glassware, consisting of a range of graduated dosing pipettes and graduated cylinders conforming to an appropriate standard. All glassware used shall be cleaned and verified in accordance with ISO 3722. 4.4 Optical microscope, to check the suitability of the sample for particle
37、counting using the automatic particle counter. A binocular microscope comprising: a magnification of up to 200, a mechanical x y stage, a calibrated eye-piece graticule, an internal incident or oblique lighting source, is considered appropriate. 4.5 Sampling agitating device, suitable for redispersi
38、ng the contaminant in the liquid sample. The device, such as a laboratory bottle roller or paint shaker, shall not alter the basic size distribution of the contaminant. 4.6 Ultrasonic bath, rated at 4 000 W/m2 of the base area has been shown to be an acceptable means of both dispersing agglomerated
39、particles within the liquid, and removing air introduced by manual agitation. However, experience has shown that particles can be liberated from the container, particularly if the period of immersion in the bath is prolonged ( 30 s). This can affect the validity of the results obtained from the anal
40、ysis of clean samples, typically ISO 4406 code and below. 4.7 Sample containers The containers are normally cylindrical glass or polypropylene bottles, fitted with either a suitable non-shedding threaded cap forming a seal with the bottle without the use of an insert, or a cap with a suitable intern
41、al seal. The dimensions of the bottle will depend upon the type of sample bottle facility in use with the counter, but should normally be 250 ml capacity. The bottle should be flat-bottomed and wide-necked to facilitate cleaning. The sample containers shall be cleaned and verified in accordance with
42、 ISO 3722. 4.8 Solvent dispensers, fitted with a 0,45 4m membrane filter directly at the outlet. 4.9 Vacuum filtration apparatus, suitable for filtering the various liquids used in the procedure. Filtering is generally through a 0,45 4m membrane filter, which shall be compatible with the liquids use
43、d. 5 Materials 5.1 The following materials are required for cleaning glassware: a) a supply of distilled or deionised water; b) a liquid detergent which is water soluble; c) propan-2-ol, reagent grade, 0,45 4m filtered; d) petroleum spirit (boiling point between 100 C and 120 C) or a suitable solven
44、t with similar degreasing properties, 0,45 4m filtered. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 06:49:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 11500:1997 BSI 05-19993 5.2 Standardized test dust Calibrated in accordance with ISO 4402. 5.3 Diluent liquid A suitable liquid fo
45、r diluting the sample shall be filtered through a 0,8 4m membrane filter or a suitable cartridge filter having an ISO 4572 multi-pass rating of 1 U 75. The diluent liquid shall be compatible with both the sample liquid and the apparatus used. It is recommended that the refractive index of the diluen
46、t liquid should not differ from that of the sample liquid by more than 10 %. An ISO VG5 base mineral oil, as defined in ISO 3448, is considered appropriate for oil samples. The cleanliness level of the diluent liquid shall be checked before use. A level of less than 2 particles greater than 2 4m and
47、 less than 0,5 particles greater than 5 4m per millilitre of liquid is required. 6 Procedures 6.1 Precautions 6.1.1 Instrument location The instrument shall be located in a clean environment to prevent the ingress of airborne particles into the sample during the analysis procedures. An appropriate e
48、nvironment is considered to be that with a maximum particle count per cubic metre of 1 00 000 for size U 0,3 4m; 35 000 for size U 0,5 4m; 200 for size U 5 4m; and 1 for size U 10 4m. NOTEA list of standards for clean room environments is given in Annex A. 6.1.2 Electrical interference As the APC is
49、 typically a high-sensitivity device, it can be affected by radio frequency interference (RFI) or electromagnetic interference (EMI). Precautions should be taken to ensure that the test area does not exceed the RFI and EMI capabilities of the instrument. In addition, the voltage supply to the instrument shall be stable and free of “noise”. A constant voltage transformer is considered appropriate. 6.1.3 Chemicals Chemicals used in the procedures can be harmful, toxic or flammable. Good laboratory practices should be