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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 19137:2007 Geographic information Core profile of the spatial schema ICS 35.240.70 ? Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Jul 03 00:39:45 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 19137:2007 This British Standard was published
2、 under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 29 June 2007 BSI 2007 ISBN 978 0 580 52966 5 National foreword This British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of ISO 19137:2007. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committe
3、e IST/36, Geographic information. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British S
4、tandard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Jul 03 00:39:45 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Reference number ISO 19137:2007(E) INTERNATIONAL
5、STANDARD ISO 19137 First edition 2007-05-01 Geographic information Core profile of the spatial schema Information gographique Profil minimal du schma spatial BS ISO 19137:2007 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Jul 03 00:39:45 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled
6、Copy, (c) BSI ii Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Jul 03 00:39:45 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Conformance. 1 3 Normative references. 1 4 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated
7、 terms. 1 5 Geometry packages 1 5.1 Class diagram . 1 5.2 Omitted constructs. 3 5.3 Classes retained without additional constraints. 3 5.4 Concrete classes made abstract. 3 5.5 Associations 3 5.6 GM_Position 5 5.7 GM_CurveSegment. 5 5.8 GM_CurveInterpolation 5 5.9 GM_SurfaceInterpolation. 5 5.10 GM_
8、SurfacePatch. 5 5.11 GM_Polygon 6 5.12 GM_CompositeCurve . 6 6 Topology packages 6 Annex A (informative) Supported specifications 7 Annex B (normative) Abstract test suite 8 Annex C (informative) Extending the core. 9 Annex D (informative) Examples 11 Bibliography. 13 BS ISO 19137:2007 Licensed Copy
9、: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Jul 03 00:39:45 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing Internat
10、ional Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with I
11、SO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical c
12、ommittees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to th
13、e possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 19137 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics. BS ISO 19137:2007 Licensed Copy:
14、London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Jul 03 00:39:45 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI v Introduction This International Standard provides a core profile of the geometry part of the spatial schema specified in ISO 19107 that is easy to understand and has a low cos
15、t of implementation. The profile is intentionally small and limited in order to increase the chance of gaining widespread market acceptance. A simple topology package extension of the profile might be developed as a future part of this International Standard. Many user communities have requirements
16、that go beyond the capabilities provided by this International Standard, and they may define custom profiles. While ISO 19136 also implements a profile of ISO 19107, it is a comprehensive profile, not a core profile. This International Standard supports data types for geometric primitives of 0, 1 an
17、d 2 dimensions. It satisfies the conformance test A.1.1.3 of ISO 19107:2003. It is in conformance class 1 of ISO 19106. Annex A lists some specifications that were supported by this International Standard at the time of its publication. Annex B specifies an abstract test suite for determining whethe
18、r an application schema or profile is conformant to the core profile. Annex C discusses how to extend the core profile. Annex D presents two examples. BS ISO 19137:2007 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Jul 03 00:39:45 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (
19、c) BSI blank Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Jul 03 00:39:45 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 1 Geographic information Core profile of the spatial schema 1 Scope This International Standard defines a core profile of the spatial schema specifie
20、d in ISO 19107 that specifies, in accordance with ISO 19106, a minimal set of geometric elements necessary for the efficient creation of application schemata. This International Standard supports many of the spatial data formats and description languages already developed and in broad use within sev
21、eral nations or liaison organizations. NOTE Data modelled with this International Standard are consistent with spatial models already developed and used by a number of organizations; see Annex A. 2 Conformance An abstract test suite for this International Standard is given in Annex B. 3 Normative re
22、ferences The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 19107:2003, Geographic information S
23、patial schema ISO 19111:2003, Geographic information Spatial referencing by coordinates 4 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms For the purposes of this document, the same terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms given in ISO 19107 apply. 5 Geometry packages 5.1 Class diagram Fi
24、gure 1 depicts the complete profile of ISO 19107. The constraints on ISO 19107 are too many to be shown graphically in Figure 1, but are described in 5.2 to 5.12. This International Standard is limited to applications in which there is a 1:1 mapping between features and geometric primitives, all geo
25、metric primitives are referenced to a single coordinate reference system, BS ISO 19137:2007 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Jul 03 00:39:45 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 2 all curves are composed of line segments, and all surfaces are compo
26、sed of planar facets. Figure 1 The complete profile Abstract classes that appear in Figure 1 and are needed to provide compatibility with ISO 19107 are omitted from the simplified representation in Figure 2. NOTE Abstract classes that are needed for compatibility with ISO 19107 have been omitted. Al
27、so, the inheritance relation between GM_Ring and GM_Object is not shown here. BS ISO 19137:2007 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Jul 03 00:39:45 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 3 Figure 2 A simplified, “flattened” view to the profile for illus
28、trating its structure 5.2 Omitted constructs This International Standard uses no operations or interfaces from ISO 19107. Also, any other constructs from ISO 19107 are omitted in this International Standard unless they are mentioned in 5.3. 5.3 Classes retained without additional constraints The fol
29、lowing classes are the same as in ISO 19107. Abstract classes: GM_Object (ISO 19107:2003, 6.2.2); GM_Boundary (6.3.2); GM_PrimitiveBoundary (6.3.4); GM_Primitive (6.3.10); GM_OrientablePrimitive (6.3.13); GM_Complex (6.6.2); GM_Composite (6.6.3). Concrete classes: GM_Ring (ISO 19107:2003, 6.3.6), GM
30、_SurfaceBoundary (6.3.7); GM_Point (6.3.11); GM_Curve (6.3.16); GM_Surface (6.3.17); DirectPosition (6.4.1); GM_PointArray (6.4.6); GM_LineString (6.4.10). Like ISO 19107, this International Standard refers to the abstract class SC_CRS, which is defined in ISO 19111. 5.4 Concrete classes made abstra
31、ct The following classes are concrete in ISO 19107, but abstract in this profile: GM_OrientableCurve (6.3.14); GM_OrientableSurface (6.3.15); GM_CompositeCurve (6.6.5). 5.5 Associations 5.5.1 Associations retained without additional constraints The following associations are the same as in ISO 19107
32、: Coordinate Reference System (ISO 19107:2003, 6.2.2.17); association “Composition” between GM_CompositeCurve and GM_OrientableCurve (ISO 19107:2003, Figure 28). BS ISO 19137:2007 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Jul 03 00:39:45 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrol
33、led Copy, (c) BSI 4 5.5.2 Segmentation between GM_Curve and GM_CurveSegment The association “Segmentation” between GM_Curve and GM_CurveSegment (ISO 19107:2003, 6.3.16.3) is changed as follows: the multiplicity of the “curve” role is restricted from 0,1 to 1, and the multiplicity of the “segment” ro
34、le is restricted from 1n to 1. Instances of GM_CurveSegment thus cannot exist without being part of a GM_Curve. GM_CurveSegment:curve1 : Reference (multiplicity restricted from 0,1) 5.5.3 Segmentation between GM_Surface and GM_SurfacePatch The association “Segmentation” between GM_Surface and GM_Sur
35、facePatch (ISO 19107:2003, 6.3.17.3) is changed as follows: the multiplicity of the “surface” role is restricted from 0,1 to 1. Instances of GM_SurfacePatch thus cannot exist without being part of a GM_Surface. GM_SurfacePatch:surface1 : Reference (multiplicity restricted from 0,1) 5.5.4 DirectPosit
36、ion:coordinateReferenceSystem The multiplicity of the association role “coordinateReferenceSystem” of the data type DirectPosition (ISO 19107:2003, 6.4.1.4) is restricted from 0,1 to 0. As a consequence, individual points cannot specify a reference system; this has to be established via GM_Object:CR
37、S. The data in any dataset that conforms to this International Standard shall be in one and only one coordinate reference system. DirectPosition:coordinateReferenceSystem0 : ISO19111:SC_CRS (multiplicity restricted from 0,1) 5.5.5 GM_SurfaceBoundary:exterior The multiplicity of the association role
38、“exterior” of GM_SurfaceBoundary (ISO 19107:2003, 6.3.7.2) is restricted from 0,1 to 1. Thus, all surfaces are required to have an exterior boundary and the “universe face” is not permitted in this International Standard. GM_SurfaceBoundary:exterior1 : GM_Ring (multiplicity restricted from 0,1) 5.5.
39、6 Interior to The multiplicity of the association roles “coincidentSubelement” and “superElement” of GM_Primitive (ISO 19107:2003, 6.3.10.4, association “Interior to”) is restricted on both ends to 0. Thus, this International Standard excludes GM_Primitives which are coincident with one another. GM_
40、Primitive:coincidentSubelement0 : GM_Primitive (multiplicity restricted from 0n) GM_Primitive:superElement0 : GM_Primitive (multiplicity restricted from 0n) NOTE ISO 19107:2003, Figure 8 calls these association ends “containedPrimitive” and “containingPrimitive,” respectively, although they are call
41、ed “coincidentSubelement“ and superElement“ in the text of ISO 19107. 5.5.7 Contains The multiplicity of the association roles “subComplex” and “superComplex” of GM_Complex (ISO 19107:2003, 6.6.2.3, association “Contains”) is restricted on both ends to 0. Thus, this International Standard excludes G
42、M_Complexes which are coincident with one another. GM_Complex:subComplex0 : GM_Complex (multiplicity restricted from 0n) GM_Complex:superComplex0 : GM_Complex (multiplicity restricted from 0n) BS ISO 19137:2007 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Jul 03 00:
43、39:45 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 5 5.5.8 Complex The multiplicities of the association roles “element” and “complex” between GM_Primitive and GM_Complex (ISO 19107:2003, 6.6.2.4, association “Complex”) are restricted to 0. Thus, geometric primitives cannot be part of a complex as com
44、plexes exceed the minimal capabilities required by this International Standard. GM_Primitive:complex0 : GM_Complex (multiplicity restricted from 0n) 5.5.9 Composition The multiplicities of the association roles “generator” and “composite” between GM_Primitive and GM_Composite (ISO 19107:2003, Figure
45、 25, association “Composition”) are restricted to 0. Thus, geometric primitive cannot be part of a composite as composites exceed the minimal capabilities required by this International Standard. GM_Primitive:composite0 : GM_Composite (multiplicity restricted from 0n) 5.6 GM_Position The data type G
46、M_Position (ISO 19107:2003, 6.4.5) is restricted as follows: the multiplicity of its attribute “direct” is restricted to 1 and the multiplicity of its attribute “indirect” is restricted to 0. Thus, the data type only allows the identification of a position as a coordinate (the direct variant). The i
47、ndirect variant is not used. GM_Position:direct1 : DirectPosition (multiplicity restricted from 0,1) GM_Position:indirect0 : GM_PointRef (multiplicity restricted from 0,1) 5.7 GM_CurveSegment The multiplicity of the attributes GM_CurveSegment:numDerivativesAtStart, numDerivativesInterior and numDeri
48、vativesAtEnd (ISO 19107:2003, 6.4.9.3) is restricted from 0,1 to 0. Thus, only simple continuity within and between adjacent curve segments is described. GM_CurveSegment:numDerivativesAtStart0 : Integer (multiplicity restricted from 0,1) GM_CurveSegment:numDerivativesInterior0 : Integer (multiplicit
49、y restricted from 0,1) GM_CurveSegment:numDerivativesAtEnd0 : Integer (multiplicity restricted from 0,1) 5.8 GM_CurveInterpolation The code list GM_CurveInterpolation (ISO 19107:2003, 6.4.8) is restricted to “linear”. Thus, the interpolation between the points of a curve is restricted to straight lines, excluding all other interpolations, such as geodesic, elliptical, clotho