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1、BS ISO 18144:2003 ICS 13.040.20; 65.160 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BRITISH STANDARD Environmental tobacco smoke Estimation of its contribution to respirable suspended particles Method based on solanesol Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 11/04/2
2、009 08:45, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2009 BSI 2009 ISBN 978 0 580 53122 4 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication DateComments BS ISO 18144:2003 National foreword This British S
3、tandard is the UK implementation of ISO 18144:2003. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee AW/40, Tobacco and tobacco products. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport t
4、o include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 11/04/2009 08:45, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 18144:2003 INTE
5、RNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18144 First edition 2003-07-15 Reference number ISO 18144:2003(E) ISO 2003 Environmental tobacco smoke Estimation of its contribution to respirable suspended particles Method based on solanesol Fume de tabac ambiante Estimation de sa contribution aux particules en suspension r
6、espirables Mthode base sur le solansol Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 11/04/2009 08:45, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 18144:2003 ISO 18144:2003(E) ii ISO 2003 All rights reserved PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing polic
7、y, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central S
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9、 ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2003 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or u
10、tilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 F
11、ax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 11/04/2009 08:45, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 18144:2003 ISO 18144:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved iii Contents Page 1Scope 1 2Normative references 1 3Terms
12、and definitions 1 4Principle 2 5Limits and detection 2 6Reagents . 2 7Apparatus . 3 8Sampling procedure 4 8.1Calibration of air pumping system 4 8.2Sample collection 4 9Analytical procedure . 5 9.1Preparation of samples and blanks . 5 9.2Determination of solanesol 5 10Expression of results 7 10.1Cal
13、culation of solanesol contents . 7 10.2ETS-PM contribution to RSP as estimated by solanesol . 8 11Laboratory performance criteria and quality assurance 8 12Repeatability and reproducibility . 8 13Test report 9 Annex A (informative) Laboratory performance criteria: Quality assurance measures 10 Bibli
14、ography . 12 Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 11/04/2009 08:45, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 18144:2003 ISO 18144:2003(E) iv ISO 2003 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO me
15、mber bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governme
16、ntal and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Dire
17、ctives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bod
18、ies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 18144 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 126, Tobacco and tobacco pro
19、ducts. Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 11/04/2009 08:45, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 18144:2003 ISO 18144:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved v Introduction Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is an aerosol consisting of both vapour and particulate phase components. Due to the nat
20、ure of the two aerosol phases, they rarely correlate well, and an accurate assessment of ETS levels in indoor air requires determining good tracers of both phases. Among the attributes of an ideal ETS tracer, one critical characteristic is that the tracer should “remain in a fairly consistent ratio
21、to the individual contaminant of interest or category of contaminants of interest (e.g. suspended particulates) under a range of environmental conditions.” (see 1). NOTEThe Bibliography gives full references to the literature cited. Solanesol, a isoprenoid alcohol, meets this requirement, since it r
22、emains in a constant ratio to respirable suspended particles (RSP) contributed by tobacco smoke over a variety of ventilation conditions and sampling durations (see 2). Ultraviolet particulate matter (UVPM) and fluorescent particulate matter (FPM), determined in accordance with ISO 155933, are trace
23、rs or markers which also fulfil this requirement. Airborne solanesol, however, is unique in that it is specific to tobacco smoke and is found only in the particulate phase of ETS. Its high molecular mass and low volatility make it extremely unlikely that any solanesol will be lost from the membrane
24、filter used for sample collection. Solanesol constitutes approximately by mass of the RSP of ETS (see 4 to 6), making it suitable for measurement at realistic smoking rates. Of the available ETS particulate phase markers (UVPM, FPM and solanesol), all are currently used and relied upon, but solaneso
25、l is considered to be a better marker for the particulate phase of ETS and, as a result, provides the best way of quantifying the contribution of ETS particulate matter (ETS-PM) to RSP (see 7 to 15). It is important to be able to quantify the contribution of ETS to RSP with a tobacco-specific marker
26、 because RSP is not specific to tobacco smoke. RSP is a necessary indicator of overall air quality; in the United States, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has previously set a PEL (permissible exposure level) for respirable dust in the workplace of . However, RSP emanates fro
27、m numerous sources (see 16) and has been shown to be an inappropriate tracer of ETS (see 4, 17 to 19). UVPM and FPM are used as more selective markers to estimate the contribution of tobacco smoke to RSP. However, these markers can overestimate the contribution of tobacco smoke to RSP due to potenti
28、al interference from non-tobacco combustion sources. Although UVPM and FPM are useful in investigations of indoor air quality, solanesol is a better indicator of the tobacco smoke contribution to RSP. The test method described in this International Standard has been used to apportion RSP into ETS an
29、d non-ETS components by determining the mass ratio of solanesol to total RSP (see 4, 6, 10, 11, 14, 15, 20, 21). The genus Nicotiana, which includes tobacco as one of its species, is a member of the Solanaceae family of plants. Like tobacco, many plants in this family, particularly those which also
30、contain trace amounts of nicotine, contain solanesol. Examples are tomato, potato, eggplant and pepper. With cooking as the only possible source of interference, the potential for interference is negligible. However, if there were an interference of this type, the mass of solanesol would be biased h
31、igh and the contribution of ETS to RSP would be overestimated. It is anticipated that the only measurable contribution of solanesol to an indoor environment would come from tobacco combustion. Solanesol concentrations typically range from not detected to in various indoor environments, with most lev
32、els at the lower end of this range. C45 3 % 5 000g/m3 2g/m3 Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 11/04/2009 08:45, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 18144:2003 Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 11/04/2009 08:45, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 18144:2003 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
33、ISO 18144:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved 1 Environmental tobacco smoke Estimation of its contribution to respirable suspended particles Method based on solanesol 1Scope This International Standard specifies a method for the sampling and determination of respirable suspended particles (RSP) and
34、 for the estimation of the RSP fraction attributable to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). This method is applicable to personal and area sampling. This method is compatible with the determinations of gravimetric RSP, ultraviolet particulate matter (UVPM) and fluorescent particulate matter (FPM), wh
35、ich are also used to estimate the contribution of ETS to RSP. NOTESee ISO 155933 for details. 2Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edit
36、ion of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 648:1977, Laboratory glassware One-mark pipettes ISO 1042:1998, Laboratory glassware One-mark volumetric flasks 3Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 environmenta
37、l tobacco smoke ETS mixture of aged and diluted exhaled mainstream smoke and aged and diluted sidestream smoke 3.2 respirable suspended particles RSP particles which, when captured by a size-selective sampling device, conform to a collection efficiency curve with a median cut point at an aerodynamic
38、 diameter of NOTESee ISO 770822. 3.3 environmental tobacco smoke particulate matter ETS-PM particulate phase of ETS 3.4 solanesol particulate matter Sol-PM estimation of the contribution of ETS-PM to RSP, based on the determination of a tobacco-specific compound: solanesol 4,0m Licensed CopyChinese
39、University of Hong Kong, 11/04/2009 08:45, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 18144:2003 ISO 18144:2003(E) 2 ISO 2003 All rights reserved 4Principle A known volume of air is drawn through an inertial impactor or cyclone separating at , thus separating RSP from the total suspended particulate matter.
40、It is then drawn through a filter cassette containing a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane filter. Solanesol is collected on the filter as a component of RSP. The solanesol is extracted from the filter with methanol, then the extract is injected into a high-performance liquid chromatography (HP
41、LC) system equipped with an ultraviolet (UV) detector ( absorbance). The area of the resulting solanesol peak is compared to the areas obtained from the injection of standard solutions of solanesol, and the mass of solanesol is determined. The concentration of solanesol () is calculated from the mas
42、s of solanesol and the volume of air sampled. The concentration of RSP attributable to ETS, referred to as Sol-PM, is calculated from the airborne concentration of solanesol and the experimentally determined mass ratio of solanesol to RSP in ETS (see 6, 24, 25). If desired, the total concentration o
43、f RSP (see ISO 155933) may be calculated for apportionment of RSP into ETS and non-ETS fractions. 5Limits and detection The method specified in this International Standard allows the estimation of solanesol content within the following limits. At a sampling rate of , this test method shows limits of
44、 detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) (see 13) of and , respectively, for a sampling period, and and , respectively, for an sampling period. 6Reagents All reagents shall be of recognized analytical grade. 6.1Acetonitrile, HPLC grade. 6.2Methanol, HPLC grade. 6.3Solanesol, minimum purity . 6.4Hel
45、ium, minimum purity grade. 6.5Solanesol standard solutions Store all standard solutions in low-actinic borosilicate glass screw-cap jars in a freezer ( or less) when not in use. Prepare fresh standards from solanesol at least every 12 months. 6.5.1Primary standard of solanesol Prepare a primary stan
46、dard of solanesol () by weighing of solanesol (assuming solanesol purity; 6.3) directly into a volumetric flask. Dilute to the mark with methanol (6.2) and shake to mix. Actual concentration of standard solutions will depend on the exact mass and purity of the solanesol reagent used (6.3 and 6.5.1).
47、 Obtain the solanesol purity from the vendor for the specific lot of solanesol used. The actual purity of the solanesol reagent used shall be taken into account when calculating the exact concentration of the standard solutions prepared. 6.5.2Secondary standard of solanesol Prepare a secondary stand
48、ard of solanesol () by transferring of the primary standard to a 100 volumetric flask. Dilute to the mark with methanol (6.2) and shake to mix. 6.5.3Tertiary standard of solanesol Prepare a tertiary standard of solanesol () by transferring of the primary standard to a volumetric flask. Dilute to the
49、 mark with methanol (6.2) and shake to mix. 4,0m 205 nm g/m3 2 l/min 0,042g/m30,139g/m31 h0,005g/m3 0,017g/m38 h 90 % 99,995 % 0 C 300g/ml30 mg100 % 100 ml 15g/ml5,00 ml 6g/ml2,00 ml100 ml Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 11/04/2009 08:45, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 18144:2003 ISO 18144:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved 3 6.5.4Working standards of solanesol Prepare five working standards covering the expected concentration range of t