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1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 8514-2:2000 ICS 37
2、.080 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Micrographics Alphanumeric computer output microforms Quality control Part 2: Method Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 13:11:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI This British Standard, having be
3、en prepared under the direction of the DISC Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 September 2000 BSI 09-2000 ISBN 0 580 36363 5 BS ISO 8514-2:2000 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments National foreword This British Standar
4、d reproduces verbatim ISO 8514-2:2000 and implements it as the UK national standard. It supersedes BS ISO 8514-2:1992 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee IDT/1, Document imaging applications, to Subcommittee IDT/1/1, Quality, which has the
5、 responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the U
6、K. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled I
7、nternational Standards Correspondence Index, or by using the Find facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a
8、 British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document ind
9、icates when the document was last issued. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 13:11:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Reference number ISO 8514-2:2000(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8514-2 Second edition 2000-05-01 Micrographics Alphanumeric computer output microforms Q
10、uality control Part 2: Method Micrographie Microformes COM alphanumriques Contrle de la qualit Partie 2: Mthode Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 13:11:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 8514-2:2000(E) ii? Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 13:
11、11:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 8514-2:2000(E) ?iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO tec
12、hnical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closel
13、y with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to
14、 the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 8514 may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsi
15、ble for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard ISO 8514-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 171,Document imaging applications, Subcommittee SC 1,Quality. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 8514-2:1992) which has been technically revise
16、d. ISO 8514 consists of the following parts, under the general titleMicrographics Alphanumeric computer output microforms Quality control: ?Part 1: Characteristics of the test slide and test data ?Part 2: Method Annex A of this part of ISO 8514 is for information only. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun she
17、ffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 13:11:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 8514-2:2000(E) iv? Introduction The use of alphanumeric computer output microforms (alphanumeric COM) for the storage of information requires valid, reliable methods by which the quality of the images can be measured. T
18、his is necessary to achieve consistent usable output. Of primary importance in the production of microforms containing alphanumeric information is the legibility of the information presented to the user. This is true whether the microform used is the original (first generation) or a duplicate. ISO 8
19、514 specifies a method for measuring the quality of computer output microforms (COM) and specifies a test form slide and test data to be used for applying this method. It applies to microforms containing variable data produced using a cathode-ray tube, light-emitting diodes or a laser, and fixed dat
20、a such as that contained on a form slide, with effective reduction ratios of 1:24 through 1:48, in accordance with ISO 9923. This International Standard applies only to COM recorders that use a physical form slide. This International Standard describes various systems and equipment to establish test
21、 guidelines whereby the user can establish and maintain a given level of performance using the minimum of sophisticated equipment. The method requires a test form slide and test data generated from the COM image generator. Part 1 of this International Standard specifies the characteristics of the te
22、st slide and of the test data used for applying this method. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 13:11:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI INTERNATIONAL STANDARD?ISO 8514-2:2000(E) ?1 Micrographics Alphanumeric computer output microforms Quality control Part 2: Method 1?
23、Scope This part of ISO 8514 describes a method for measuring the output quality of alphanumeric COM recorders that use a physical form slide. It also provides a means for establishing the optimum intensity (exposure) settings of the image generator. 2?Normative references The following normative doc
24、uments contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO 8514. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 8514 are encouraged to in
25、vestigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 5-2:1991, Pho
26、tography Density measurements Part 2: Geometric conditions for transmission density. ISO 5-3:1995,Photography Density measurements Part 3: Spectral conditions. ISO 446:1991, Micrographics ISO character and ISO test chart No. 1 Description and use. ISO 3334:1989,Micrographics ISO resolution test char
27、t No. 2 Description and use. ISO 6196-7:1992,Micrographics Vocabulary Part 7: Computer micrographics. ISO 8514-1:2000,Micrographics Alphanumeric computer output microforms Quality control Part 1: Characteristics of test slide and test data. ISO 9923:1994,Micrographics Transparent A6 microfiche Image
28、 arrangements. 3?Terms and definitions For the purposes of this part of ISO 8514, the terms and definitions given in ISO 6196-7 and the following apply. 3.1 test slide form slide designed for use in measuring the quality of output from a COM system. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun No
29、v 26 13:11:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 8514-2:2000(E) 2? 4?Outline of the method The method described is used initially to set up the COM system to yield satisfactory images and later as a means to maintain consistent performance on a day-to-day basis. If several COM recorders
30、are in use, it also provides the means to ensure that equivalent performance is being obtained from each COM recorder. The method first uses the test slide specified in ISO 8514-1 to determine if optimum focus of the image of the test slide is being achieved. This is carried out using the ISO No. 1
31、or No. 2 test chart. The E-H patterns and density balancing areas (see Figure 1) are then used to establish the proper exposure. The data from the character generator is used to adjust and determine the registration accuracy of the data with the test slide. This is accomplished using the alignment g
32、rid. The “E” and “H” characters are used to set up the exposure from the image generator. In general, this exposure level is established by the user in relation to his own needs. The typical set of COM characters and the characters of similar appearance (see Figure 1) are used to establish that the
33、data from the image generator are legible. 5?Test procedure 5.1? General The following procedure consists of obtaining first the best image of the test slide (see 5.2) and then of establishing the best image from the image generator (see 5.3). 5.2? Optimizing the test slide image 5.2.1?COM reduction
34、 ratio The reduction ratio shall be in accordance with ISO 9923. The actual reduction ratio of the COM recorder shall be checked by taking the ratio of a dimension of any element of the artwork and the actual dimension on the same element on the microimage. To do this accurately the use of a travell
35、ing microscope1)may be required, although such devices may not be readily available. An alternative method is to use a fixed microscope, with a measuring graticule,of sufficient magnification to measure the size of the image of the test slide. It is also essential that the proper reduction has been
36、used during preparation of the test slide. In most COM systems utilizing physical form slides, and using a particular lens, the reduction ratio is fixed, hence this test is useful only in determining if the specifications of this part of ISO 8514 have been met. 5.2.2?Optical focus of the test slide
37、Since, in most cases, the form slide imaging system is prefocused by the manufacturer, this test is used to confirm that the minimum resolution specified in 5.2.4 is being achieved. If not, the necessary adjustment shall be made before any other operation is initiated. For this purpose the microimag
38、e shall be checked. The value obtained is dependent not only on the COM recorder lens focus but also on the exposure conditions, film type and processing. The maximum resolving power shall be determined through several tests carried out at various exposure settings ranging from underexposure, throug
39、h normal exposure to overexposure. To measure the resolution, use either the ISO test chart No. 1 or the ISO resolution test chart No. 2 in accordance with ISO 446 and ISO 3334 respectively. 1) A travelling microscope is one designed to measure distances. Typically it has a graduated moveable stage
40、upon which the microform is affixed, and an eyepiece with cross-hairs. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 13:11:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 8514-2:2000(E) ?3 Figure 1 Sample layout of image frame combining test slide and the generated test data Licensed Copy
41、: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 13:11:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 8514-2:2000(E) 4? For information regarding resolving power on duplicates, see Annex A. NOTE?Maximum resolution is rarely achieved when practical exposure conditions are used. 5.2.3?Test slide exposure
42、Test “A” Fill a microfiche or a suitable length of roll microfilm with images of the test slide using a series of gradually increasing form-flash intensities (line by line or column by column). Choose the exposure level for the test slide that gives an image in which the thinnest E-H pair (A1) (see
43、area) appears underexposed and the heaviest E-H pair (D5) appears overexposed. If more than one pair appears underexposed or overexposed, choose the image in which the amount of under- and overexposure is equal. Note the exposure setting that gives these results. Once the proper exposure level is ch
44、osen, if a densitometer which complies to ISO 5-2 and 5-3 is available, measure the visual diffuse transmission density of the appropriate density area. A densitometer with a maximum aperture of 1 mm should be used due to the high reduction ratio often used for computer output microfilm. For positiv
45、e-appearing COM images measure the maximum density on the density measuring area B and for negative- appearing COM images measure the minimum density on the density measuring area B and measure the density of the density measuring area A. Also record the related coordinates (column and row) of the E
46、 and H patterns corresponding to the optimum exposure. These can be used for future checking of the system to ensure that proper exposure and processing is maintained. If a densitometer is not available, the density balancing areas may be used as a visual comparison reference. To read the density ba
47、lancing scale, consider areas as “read“ only for those having enough visual contrast to distinguish both the white and the black numbers from the background of the areas in which they are located. 5.2.4?COM resolving power 5.2.4.1?Requirements The resolving power requirements for COM recording depen
48、d on the type of characters (font and size) being recorded and on the reduction ratio used. If the data contains lower case or complex characters, then the resolving power requirements are higher than if all upper case characters are used. 5.2.4.2?Determination The test charts located in area are us
49、ed to determine the resolving power of the system. Measurement of the resolution of the image of the test slide is used to determine the ability of the COM system to record fine detail. Since the resolving power measurement is made using a high-quality, high-contrast form slide and not the image generator, this test is not a measure of the character resolution. Resolving power shall be determined in accordance with ISO 446 or ISO 3334. NOTE?Measuring resolving power will help to determine whether the lens and film comp