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1、raising standards worldwide NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BSI British Standards WB9423_BSI_StandardColCov_noK_AW:BSI FRONT COVERS 5/9/08 12:55 Page 1 Occupational health and safety management systems Guidelines for the implementation of OHSAS 18001:2007 BS OH
2、SAS 18002:2008 BS OHSAS 18002:2008BritiSH StAndArd National foreword Publishing information this British Standard was published by BSi and comes into effect on dAtE. it is the official UK implementation of OHSAS 18002:2008, which supersedes OHSAS 18002:2000. BS OHSAS 18002 will be maintained in line
3、 with any changes to OHSAS 18002, subject to the approval of BSi technical Committee HS/1, Occupational health and safety management, which collated the UK comments on the second Working draft of OHSAS 18002 and put forward its preferred position. A list of organizations represented on this committe
4、e can be obtained on request to its secretary. Relationship with other documents BS OHSAS 18002 is one of three related documents on occupational health and safety management systems published by the BSi since June 2007. the first was BS OHSAS 18001:2007, which specifies what an organization needs t
5、o have in place to meet the criteria for occupational health and safety management. BS OHSAS 18002:2008 is a guidance standard that identifies what an organization should consider when implementing and operating a system that meets the requirements of BS OHSAS 18001. it is a supportive guidance docu
6、ment to BS OHSAS 18001:2007 and does not impose any additional requirements. BS 18004:2008, Guide to achieving effective occupational health and safety performance, gives good practice guidance on successful health and safety management and builds on the guidance given in HSG 651). Structured around
7、 the OHSAS 18001 framework, it provides guidance in line with developments in OHS management within the UK and provides extensive annexes intended to support those organizations that wish to deliver good health and safety performance. Contractual and legal considerations in the UK, and Europe genera
8、lly, there are various legal requirements for occupational health and safety that apply to the potentially harmful effects of work activities and which extend beyond the workplace to those who might be affected by workplace activities (see note to 3.12 on the definition of occupational health and sa
9、fety). it is essential for the organization to take the matters addressed by these legal requirements into account in establishing, implementing and maintaining its OH a) typical inputs needed for meeting the requirements of b) the clause; a description of processes that an organization could use c)
10、 to meet the requirements; typical outputs expected from meeting the requirements. d) this format was found to be difficult to apply, so has not been followed in this edition (in fact, the format had not been applied consistently in the 2000 edition). instead, this edition of OHSAS 18002 is now pres
11、ented in a more logical format, in which items in a) to d) have been followed during the drafting of the guidance, but have not been given overtly, as previously. new subclauses, as per OHSAS 18001 (and from iSO 14001), e.g.: for OHSAS 18001:2007, 4.4.3 Communication, participation and consultation
12、(including new subclauses on participation/consultation), and 4.5.3.1 incident investigation. from iSO 14001:2004, 4.3.3 Objectives and programme(s) (through the merging of the former subclauses 4.3.3 and 4.3.4), and 4.5.2 Evaluation of compliance. BS OHSAS 18002:2008 vi BSI 2008 BritiSH StAndArd ne
13、w subclauses in alignment with the iLOOSH:2001 Guidelines, e.g. 4.1.2 initial review, and 4.3.1.5 Management of change Additional new subclauses and annexes, e.g. 4.4.2.4 Awareness, Annex C Examples of items for inclusion in a hazard identification checklist and Annex d Comparisons of some examples
14、of risk assessment tools and methodologies Expanded guidance given in many subclauses, e.g. for 4.3.1 Hazard identification, risk assessment and determination of controls, 4.3.2 Legal and other requirements, 4.3.3 Objectives and programme(s), 4.4.6 Operational control, 4.4.7 Emergency preparedness a
15、nd response, 4.5.5 internal audit this publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with this Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series (OHSAS) Standard cannot confer immunity from legal oblig
16、ations. BritiSH StAndArd BSI 2008 1 BS OHSAS 18002:2008 Introduction Organizations of all kinds are increasingly concerned with achieving and demonstrating sound occupational health and safety (OH seeking opportunities for alignment with other OH reflecting developments in OH clarifying the original
17、 text from the OHSAS 18001:1999 requirements based on experience of its use. there is an important distinction between OHSAS 18001, which describes the requirements for an organizations OH however, it does not establish absolute requirements for OH implement, maintain and continually improve an OH a
18、ssure itself of its conformity with its stated OHc) demonstrate conformity with this OHSAS Standard by:d) making a selfdetermination and selfdeclaration, or1) seeking confirmation of its conformance by parties 2) having an interest in the organization, such as customers, or seeking confirmation of i
19、ts selfdeclaration by a party 3) external to the organization, or seeking certification/registration of its OH iSO 14001, 3.15 NOTE A nonconformity can be any deviation from: relevant work standards, practices, procedures, legal requirements, etc. OH identification of the OH OH an examination of exi
20、sting systems, practices, processes and procedures; evaluations of OH an evaluation of feedback from the investigation of previous incidents, work related ill health, accidents and emergencies; relevant management systems and available resources. A suitable approach to the initial review can include
21、 the use of: checklists, interviews, direct inspection and measurement; the results of previous management system audits or other reviews, depending on the nature of the organizations activities; the results of consultations with workers, contractors or other relevant external interested parties. Wh
22、ere hazard identification and risk assessment processes already exist, they should be reviewed for adequacy against the requirements of OHSAS 18001. it is emphasized that an initial review is not a substitute for the implementation of the structured systematic approach to hazard identification, risk
23、 assessment and determining controls given in 4.3.1. However an initial review can provide additional inputs into planning these processes. 4.1.3 Scope of the OH includes a commitment to prevention of injury and ill health b) and continual improvement in OH includes a commitment to at least comply w
24、ith applicable c) legal requirements and with other requirements to which the organization subscribes that relate to its OH provides the framework for setting and reviewing OH is documented, implemented and maintained; e) is communicated to all persons working under the control of f) the organizatio
25、n with the intent that they are made aware of their individual OH is available to interested parties; andg) is reviewed periodically to ensure that it remains relevant and h) appropriate to the organization. top management should demonstrate the leadership and commitment necessary for the OH consequ
26、ently, the organizations OHa) activities of all persons having access to the workplace b) (including contractors and visitors); human behaviour, capabilities and other human factors;c) identified hazards originating outside the workplace capable d) of adversely affecting the health and safety of per
27、sons under the control of the organization within the workplace; hazards created in the vicinity of the workplace by e) workrelated activities under the control of the organization; NOTE 1 It may be more appropriate for such hazards to be assessed as an environmental aspect. infrastructure, equipmen
28、t and materials at the workplace, f) whether provided by the organization or others; changes or proposed changes in the organization, its g) activities, or materials; modifications to the OH any applicable legal obligations relating to risk assessment i) and implementation of necessary controls (see
29、 also the nOtE to 3.12); the design of work areas, processes, installations, machinery/j) equipment, operating procedures and work organization, including their adaptation to human capabilities. BS OHSAS 18002:2008 14 BSI 2008 BritiSH StAndArd the organizations methodology for hazard identification
30、and risk assessment shall: be defined with respect to its scope, nature and timing to a) ensure it is proactive rather than reactive; and provide for the identification, prioritization and b) documentation of risks, and the application of controls, as appropriate. For the management of change, the o
31、rganization shall identify the OHa) substitution;b) engineering controls;c) signage/warnings and/or administrative controls;d) personal protective equipment.e) the organization shall document and keep the results of identification of hazards, risk assessments and determined controls uptodate. the or
32、ganization shall ensure that the OH however, care should be taken to avoid over reliance on the use of checklists (see Annex C). Checklists should be specific to the work area, process or equipment being evaluated. BritiSH StAndArd BSI 2008 19 BS OHSAS 18002:2008 4.3.1.4 Risk assessment 4.3.1.4.1 Ge
33、neral risk is the combination of the likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event or exposure(s) and the severity of injury or ill health (3.8) that can be caused by the event or exposure(s) (see 3.21). risk assessment is a process of evaluating the risk(s) arising from a hazard(s), taking into
34、account the adequacy of any existing controls, and deciding whether the risk(s) is acceptable (see 3.22). An acceptable risk (see 3.1) is a risk that has been reduced to a level that the organization is willing to assume with respect to its legal obligation, its OH OHSAS 18001 and OHSAS 18002 refer
35、to the individual elements of this process separately and use the term “risk assessment” to refer explicitly to the second stage of this process. 4.3.1.4.2 Risk assessment inputs inputs to the risk assessment processes can include, but are not be limited to, information or data on the following: det
36、ails of location(s) where work is carried out, the proximity and scope for hazardous interaction between activities in the workplace, security arrangements, the human capabilities, behaviour, competence, training and experience of those who normally and/or occasionally carry out hazardous tasks, tox
37、icological data, epidemiological data and other health related information, the proximity of other personnel (e.g. cleaners, visitors, contractors, the public) who might be affected by hazardous work, details of any work instructions, systems of work and/or permittowork procedures, prepared for haza
38、rdous tasks, manufacturers or suppliers instructions for operation and maintenance of equipment and facilities, the availability and use of control measures e.g. for ventilation, guarding, personal protective equipment (PPE), etc., abnormal conditions (e.g. the potential interruption of utility serv
39、ices such as electricity and water, or other process failures), environmental conditions affecting the workplace, the potential for failure of plant and machinery components and safety devices or for their degradation from exposure to the elements or process materials, details of access to, and adeq
40、uacy/condition of emergency procedures, emergency escape plans, emergency equipment, emergency escape routes (including signage), emergency communication facilities, and external emergency support, etc., BS OHSAS 18002:2008 20 BSI 2008 BritiSH StAndArd monitoring data related to incidents associated
41、 with specific work activities, the findings of any existing assessments relating to hazardous work activity, details of previous unsafe acts either by the individuals performing the activity or by others (e.g. adjacent personnel, visitors, contractors, etc.), the potential for a failure to induce a
42、ssociated failures or disabling of control measures, the duration and frequency at which tasks are carried out, the accuracy and reliability of the data available for the risk assessment, any legal and other requirements (see 4.3.2) which prescribe how the risk assessment has to be performed or what
43、 constitutes an acceptable risk, e.g. sampling methods to determine exposure, use of specific risk assessment methods, or permissible exposure levels. risk assessment should be conducted by a person(s) with competence in relevant risk assessment methodologies and techniques (see 4.4.2) and appropria
44、te knowledge of the work activity. 4.3.1.4.3 Risk assessment methodologies An organization can use different risk assessment methods as part of an overall strategy for addressing different areas or activities. When seeking to establish the likelihood of harm, the adequacy of existing control measure
45、s should be taken into account. A risk assessment should be detailed enough to determine appropriate control measures. Some risk assessment methods are complex and appropriate to special or particularly hazardous activities. For example, risk assessment of a chemical process plant might require comp
46、lex mathematical calculations of the probabilities of events that could lead to a release of agents that might affect individuals in the workplace or the public. in many countries, sectorspecific legislation specifies where this degree of complexity is required. in many circumstances, OH Substitutio
47、n substitute a less hazardous material or reduce b) the system energy (e.g. lower the force, amperage, pressure, temperature, etc.); Engineering controls install ventilation systems, machine c) guarding, interlocks, sound enclosures, etc.; Signage, warnings, and/or administrative controls safety sig
48、ns, d) hazardous area marking, photoluminescent signs, markings for pedestrian walkways, warning sirens/lights, alarms, safety procedures, equipment inspections, access controls, safe systems of working, tagging and work permits, etc.; Personal protective equipment (PPE) safety glasses, hearing e) p
49、rotection, face shields, safety harnesses and lanyards, respirators and gloves. in applying the hierarchy consideration should be given to the relative costs, risk reduction benefits, and reliability of the available options. BritiSH StAndArd BSI 2008 23 BS OHSAS 18002:2008 An organization should take into account: the need for a combination of controls, combining elements from the above hierarchy (e.g. engineering and administrative controls), establish