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1、CIE S 014-1/E:2006 Standard - ric olorimtrie - Partie 1: Observateurs de rfrence colorimtriques CIE arbmessung - Teil 1: CIE farbmetrische Normalbeobachter IE Standards are copyrighted and shall not be reproduced in any form, entirely or partly, without e explicit agreement of the CIE. Vienna CIE S
2、014-1/E:2006 Kegelgasse 27, A-1030 Vienna, Austria Colorimetry Part 1: CIE Standard Colorimet Observers C F C th CIE Central Bureau, UDC: 535.6.08 Descriptor: Colorimetry, reference data Copyright International Commission on Illumination Provided by IHS under license with CIELicensee=IHS Employees/1
3、111111001, User=leee, leee Not for Resale, 11/24/2007 08:31:16 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- CIE S 014-1/E:2006 CIE, 2006 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means
4、, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from CIE Central Bureau at the address below. CIE Central Bureau Kegelgasse 27 A-1030 Vienna Austria Tel.: +43 1 714 3187 0 Fax: +43 1 714 3187 18 e-mail: ciecbping.at Web: www.cie.co.at/ II CIE, 2006 - A
5、ll rights reserved Copyright International Commission on Illumination Provided by IHS under license with CIELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=leee, leee Not for Resale, 11/24/2007 08:31:16 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- CIE S 014-1/E:2006 FOREWORD Sta
6、ndards produced by the Commission Internationale de lEclairage (CIE) are a concise documentation of data defining aspects of light and lighting, for which international harmony requires such unique definition. CIE Standards are therefore a primary source of internationally accepted and agreed data,
7、which can be taken, essentially unaltered, into universal standard systems. This CIE Standard replaces ISO/CIE 10527:1991 and was approved by the CIE Board of Administration and the National Committees of the CIE. This CIE Standard has been prepared by CIE Division 2 “Physical measurement of light a
8、nd radiation“. This standard contains only minor changes from the previous standard, in particular the values in the tables of the colour matching functions and chromaticity coordinates of the CIE 1931 and 1964 standard colorimetric observers are identical with the previous standard, but it has now
9、been clarified that they apply for standard air. TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD III INTRODUCTION 1 1. SCOPE 1 2. NORMATIVE REFERENCES 1 3. DEFINITIONS 1 4. SPECIFICATIONS 3 4.1 Colour-matching functions 3 4.2 Spectral chromaticity coordinates 3 5. DERIVATION OF THE COLOUR-MATCHING FUNCTIONS FOR THE CIE
10、1931 STANDARD COLORIMETRIC OBSERVER 3 5.1 Experimental basis 3 5.2 Transformation procedures 4 5.3 Transformation properties 4 5.4 Comparison with earlier data 4 6. DERIVATION OF THE COLOUR-MATCHING FUNCTIONS FOR THE CIE 1964 STANDARD COLORIMETRIC OBSERVER 5 6.1 Experimental basis 5 6.2 Transformati
11、on procedures 5 6.3 Transformation properties 5 6.4 Comparison with earlier data 5 7. PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF COLOUR-MATCHING FUNCTIONS FOR CIE STANDARD COLORIMETRIC OBSERVERS 5 7.1 Obtaining tristimulus values 5 7.2 The basis for integration 6 7.3 Rod activity 6 7.4 The use of restricted data 6 7.
12、5 Standard of reflectance 6 TABLE 1. COLOUR-MATCHING FUNCTIONS AND CHROMATICITY COORDINATES OF CIE 1931 STANDARD COLORIMETRIC OBSERVER 7 TABLE 2. COLOUR-MATCHING FUNCTIONS AND CHROMATICITY COORDINATES OF CIE 1964 STANDARD COLORIMETRIC OBSERVER 18 ANNEX: BIBLIOGRAPHY (INFORMATIVE) 29 CIE, 2006 CIE, 2
13、006 - All rights reserved III Copyright International Commission on Illumination Provided by IHS under license with CIELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=leee, leee Not for Resale, 11/24/2007 08:31:16 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- CIE S 014-1/E:2006 I
14、V CIE, 2006 - All rights reserved Copyright International Commission on Illumination Provided by IHS under license with CIELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=leee, leee Not for Resale, 11/24/2007 08:31:16 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- CIE S 014-1/E:20
15、06 COLORIMETRY - PART 1: CIE STANDARD COLORIMETRIC OBSERVERS INTRODUCTION Colours with different spectral compositions can look alike. An important function of colorimetry is to determine whether a pair of such metameric colours will look alike. The use of visual colorimeters for this purpose is han
16、dicapped by variations in the colour matches made amongst observers classified as having normal colour vision. Visual colorimetry also tends to be time-consuming. For these reasons, it has long been the practice in colorimetry to make use of sets of colour-matching functions to calculate tristimulus
17、 values for colours: equality of tristimulus values for a pair of colours indicates that the colour appearances of the two colours match, when they are viewed in the same conditions by an observer for whom the colour-matching functions apply. The use of standard sets of colour-matching functions mak
18、es the comparison of tristimulus values obtained at different times and locations possible. 1. SCOPE This International Standard specifies colour-matching functions for use in colorimetry. Two sets of colour-matching functions are specified. a) Colour-matching functions for the CIE 1931 standard col
19、orimetric observer This set of colour-matching functions is representative of the colour-matching properties of observers with normal colour vision for visual field sizes of angular subtense from about 1 to about 4, for vision at photopic levels of adaptation. b) Colour-matching functions for the CI
20、E 1964 standard colorimetric observer This set of colour-matching functions is representative of the colour-matching properties of observers with normal colour vision for visual field sizes of angular subtense greater than about 4, for vision at sufficiently high photopic levels and with spectral po
21、wer distributions such that no participation of the rod receptors of the retina is to be expected. 2. NORMATIVE REFERENCES The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the late
22、st edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. CIE 15:2004. Colorimetry, 3rd edition. CIE 17.4-1987. International lighting vocabulary (ILV) - Joint publication IEC/CIE. 3. DEFINITIONS For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply. These
23、definitions are taken from CIE 17.4-1987, where other relevant terms will also be found. 3.1 colour stimulus function, () (see ILV 845-03-03) description of a colour stimulus by the spectral concentration of a radiometric quantity (such as radiance or radiant power) as a function of wavelength 3.2 r
24、elative colour stimulus function, () (see ILV 845-03-04) relative spectral power distribution of the colour stimulus function CIE, 2006 - All rights reserved 1 Copyright International Commission on Illumination Provided by IHS under license with CIELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=leee, leee
25、Not for Resale, 11/24/2007 08:31:16 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- CIE S 014-1/E:2006 3.3 metameric colour stimuli; metamers (see ILV 845-03-05) spectrally different colour stimuli that have the same tristimulus values 3.4 monochromatic stimulus: spectral s
26、timulus (see ILV 845-03-08) stimulus consisting of a monochromatic radiation 3.5 equi-energy spectrum (see ILV 845-03-14) spectrum of a radiation whose spectral concentration of a radiometric quantity as a function of wavelength is constant throughout the visible region 3.6 additive mixture of colou
27、r stimuli (see ILV 845-03-15) method of stimulation that combines on the retina the actions of various stimuli in such a manner that they cannot be perceived individually 3.7 colour matching (see ILV 845-03-16) action of making a colour stimulus appear the same in colour as a given colour stimulus 3
28、.8 trichromatic system (see ILV 845-03-20) system for specifying colour stimuli in terms of tristimulus values based on matching colours by additive mixture of three suitably chosen reference colour stimuli 3.9 reference colour stimuli, R, G, B; X, Y, Z; X10, Y10, Z10; etc. (see ILV 845-03- 21) set
29、of three colour stimuli on which a trichromatic system is based 3.10 tristimulus values, R, G, B; X, Y, Z; X10, Y10, Z10; etc. (see ILV 845-03-22) amounts of three reference colour stimuli, in a given trichromatic system, required to match the colour of the stimulus considered 3.11 colour-matching f
30、unctions, ( )( )( )bg,; r( )( ) ( )zyx,; ( )( )( ) 10 z; etc. tristimulus values of monochromatic stimuli of equal radiant power of reference r-matching functions 1010 , yx (see ILV 845-03-23) 3.12 CIE 1931 standard colorimetric system (X, Y, Z) (see ILV 845-03-28) system for determining the tristim
31、ulus values of any spectral power distribution using the set colour stimuli X, Y, Z, and the three CIE colou ( )( ) ( )zyx, adopted by the CIE in 1931 and defined in this standard hree CIE colour-matching functions 3.13 CIE 1964 standard colorimetric system (X10, Y10, Z10) (see ILV 845-03-29) system
32、 for determining the tristimulus values of any spectral power distribution using the set of reference colour stimuli X10, Y10, Z10, and the t ( )( )( ) 101010 ,zyx adopted by the CIE in 1964 and defined in this standard 3.14 CIE colour-matching functions (see ILV 845-03-30) functions ( )( ) ( )zyx,
33、in the CIE 1931 standard colorimetric system and ( )( )( ) 101010 ,zyx in the CIE 1964 standard colorimetric system 3.15 CIE 1931 standard colorimetric observer (see ILV 845-03-31) ideal observer whose colour-matching properties correspond to the CIE colour-matching ( )( ) ( )zyx, functions 3.16 CIE
34、 1964 standard colorimetric observer (see ILV 845-03-32) ideal observer whose colour-matching properties correspond to the CIE colour-matching functions ( )( )( ) 101010 ,zyx 2 CIE, 2006 - All rights reserved Copyright International Commission on Illumination Provided by IHS under license with CIELi
35、censee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=leee, leee Not for Resale, 11/24/2007 08:31:16 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- CIE S 014-1/E:2006 3.17 chromaticity coordinates, r, g, b; x, y, z; x10, y10, z10; etc. (see ILV 845-03-33) ratio of each of a set of three t
36、ristimulus values to their sum ticity coordinates, r(), g(), b(); x(), y(), z(); x10(), y10(), z10(); etc. photometric conditions and m is chosen so eal isotropic diffuser with a reflectance equal to unity s 3.18 spectral chroma (see ILV 845-03-36) chromaticity coordinates of monochromatic stimuli 3
37、.19 spectral luminous efficiency, V() (see ILV 845-01-22) ratio of the radiant flux at wavelength m to that at wavelength , such that both radiations produce an equal visual response under specified that the maximum value of this ratio is equal to 1 3.20 perfect reflecting diffuser (see ILV 845-04-5
38、4) id 4. SPECIFICATIONS 4.1 Colour-matching function The colour-matching functions ( )( ) ( )zyx, of the CIE 1931 standard colorimetric observer are defined by the values given in Table 1, and those ( )( )( ) 101010 ,zyx of the CIE 1964 standard colorimetric observer are defined by the values given
39、in Table 2. The values are given at 1 nm wavelength intervals from 360 nm to 830 nm. If values are required at closer 101010 ese have been derived from the appropriate colour-matching functions by forming the ratios: wavelength intervals than 1 nm, they should be derived by linear interpolation. 4.2
40、 Spectral chromaticity coordinates Tables 1 and 2 also give values for the spectral chromaticity coordinates, x(), y(), z(); x (), y (), z (); th ( ) ( ) ( )( )( ) zyx x + = x , ( ) ( ) ( )( )( ) zyx y + = y and ( ) ( ) ( )( )( ) zyx z + = z ( ) ( ) ( )( )( ) 101010 10 ( ) ( ) ( )( )( ) 101010 10 zy
41、x+ 10 x x = , 10 y zyx y + = and ( ) ( ) ( )( )( ) 101010 10 10 z zyx z + = Note: All wavelengths are for standard air. our-matching functions, 5. DERIVATION OF THE COLOUR-MATCHING FUNCTIONS FOR THE CIE 1931 STANDARD COLORIMETRIC OBSERVER 5.1 Experimental basis The CIE 1931 col( )( ) ( )zyx, were de
42、rived from experimental work carried out by Wright (1928-1930) and by Guild (1931) in which a total of 17 observers uli of the spectrum, over the range of about 400 nm to matched the monochromatic stim 700 nm, with additive mixtures of red, green and blue lights, using observing fields of 2 angular
43、subtense. CIE, 2006 - All rights reserved 3 Copyright International Commission on Illumination Provided by IHS under license with CIELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=leee, leee Not for Resale, 11/24/2007 08:31:16 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- CIE S
44、014-1/E:2006 5.2 Tr The results for the 17 observers were averaged and then slightly adjusted so that by adding together suitable proportions of the R, G, B colour-matching functions ansformation procedures The experimental results were converted into those that would have been obtained if the match
45、ing had been carried out using, as reference colour stimuli, monochromatic radiations of wavelengths 700 nm for the red R, 546,1 nm for the green G and 435,8 nm for the blue B, measured in units such that equal quantities of R, G and B were required to match the equi-energy spectrum. ( )( )( )bgr, i
46、t was possible to obtain a function identical to that of the CIE spectral used were in the ratios of 1,000 0 to 4,590 7 to 0,060 1, and these were then the relative luminances of unit quantities of R, G and B. The CIE 1931 colour-matching functions were then determined by the following equations: lu
47、minous efficiency, V(); the proportions ( )( )( )( )nbgrx20, 031, 00,49 += ( )( )( )( )nbg63010, 040812, 0+ ry970,176 = ( )( )( )( )nbgrz99, 001, 00,00 += where n is a normalising constant given by ( ) ( )( )( )bg63010, 040812, 0+ f wavelength, because the coefficients 0,176 97, 0,812 40, atios to o
48、ne another as the ratio of 1,000 0 to 4,590 7 to r V n 970,176 = n is a constant, not a function o and 0,010 63 are in the same r 0,060 1; n is equal to 8 5,650 63 0,010 40 0,812 97 176 0, 1 0,060 7 4,590 0 1,000 = + + The values of ( )( ) ( )zyx, given in Table 1 from 360 nm to 400 700 nm to 830 nm are extrapolations. 5.3 Transform