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1、DRAFT FOR DEVELOPMENT DD IEC TS 60695-7-3:2004 Fire hazard testing Part 7-3: Toxicity of fire effluent Use and interpretation of test results ICS 29.020; 13.220 ? Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Mon Dec 11 00:52:12 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
2、 DD IEC TS 60695-7-3:2004 This Draft for Development was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 21 May 2004 BSI 21 May 2004 ISBN 0 580 43786 8 National foreword This Draft for Development reproduces verbatim IEC TS 60695-7-3:2004. It supersedes PD IEC TR 6069
3、5-7-3:1998 which is withdrawn. This publication is not to be regarded as a British Standard. It is being issued in the Draft for Development series of publications and is of a provisional nature because the subject matter is an area which is rapidly developing. It should be applied on this provision
4、al basis, so that information and experience of its practical application may be obtained. Comments arising from the use of this Draft for Development are requested so that UK experience can be reported to the international organization responsible for the Technical Specification. A review of this p
5、ublication will be initiated not later than 3 years after its publication by the international organization so that a decision can be taken on its status at the end of its 3-year life. Notification of the start of the review period will be made in an announcement in the appropriate issue of Update S
6、tandards. According to the replies received by the end of the review period, the responsible BSI Committee will decide whether to support the conversion into an international standard, to extend the life of the Technical Specification for another 3 years or to withdraw it. Comments should be sent in
7、 writing to the Secretary of BSI Technical Committee GEL/89, Fire Hazard Testing, at 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL, giving the document reference and clause number and proposing, where possible, an appropriate revision of the text. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be
8、 obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the
9、BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the IEC TS title page, pages 2 to 32, a inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last
10、 issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Mon Dec 11 00:52:12 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI SPCIFICATION TECHNIQUE CEI IEC TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION TS 60695-7-3 Deuxime dition Second editi
11、on 2004-02 Essais relatifs aux risques du feu Partie 7-3: Toxicit des effluents du feu Utilisation et interprtation des rsultats dessai Fire hazard testing Part 7-3: Toxicity of fire effluent Use and interpretation of test results Numro de rfrence Reference number CEI/IEC/TS 60695-7-3:2004 PUBLICATI
12、ON FONDAMENTALE DE SCURIT BASIC SAFETY PUBLICATION DD IEC TS 6069573:2004 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Mon Dec 11 00:52:12 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI TS -59606-73 4002:CEI 3 CONTENTS FOREWORD.4 INTRODUCTION.6 1 Scope.7 2 Normative referen
13、ces7 3 Terms and definitions .8 4 Principles of toxic hazard assessment.12 4.1 Introduction .12 4.2 Exposure dose.13 4.3 Determination of concentration-time data.14 4.4 Asphyxiants and the fractional effective dose, FED 15 4.4.1 Introduction .15 4.4.2 Properties of the FED.15 4.4.3 Uses of the FED 1
14、6 4.5 Irritants and the fractional effective concentration, FEC 16 4.6 Carbon dioxide 17 4.7 Oxygen vitiation.17 4.8 Heat stress17 4.9 Effects of stratification and transport of fire atmospheres .17 5 Methods of toxic hazard assessment.17 5.1 General approach17 5.2 Equations used to predict death.17
15、 5.2.1 The simple toxic gas model17 5.2.2 The N-gas model .18 5.2.3 The hyperventilatory effect of carbon dioxide18 5.2.4 Lethal toxic potency values 19 5.2.5 The mass loss model.19 5.3 Equations used to predict incapacity 20 5.3.1 The asphyxiant gas model20 5.3.2 The irritant gas model20 5.3.3 The
16、mass loss model.20 6 Toxic potency values 21 6.1 Generic values of toxic potency .21 6.2 Toxic potency values obtained from chemical analyses 21 6.3 Toxic potency values obtained from animal tests21 7 Limitations on the interpretation of toxicity test results.21 8 Effluent components to be measured
17、22 8.1 Minimum reporting.22 8.2 Additional reporting22 8.2.1 Gaseous fire effluent components22 8.2.2 Airborne particulates23 DD IEC TS 6069573:2004 2 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Mon Dec 11 00:52:12 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI TS -59606-7
18、3 4002:CEI 5 Annex A (informative) Guidance for the use of LC50 values 24 A.1 General24 A.2 Limiting hazard 24 A.3Use of LC50 values in specific types of fires 24 Annex B (informative) A simple worked example to illustrate the principles of a toxic hazard analysis .27 B.1 The problem scenario 27 B.2
19、 Information available.27 B.3 Hazard analysis 27 Annex C (informative) F values for irritants.31 Bibliography32 Figure 1 Exposure dose as a function of time and concentration .13 Figure 2 Time-dependent components of fire hazard.14 Figure 3 Total FED and contributors, as a function of time 16 Figure
20、 B.1 Flame spread rate for materials A and B28 Figure B.2 Relative toxic hazard of two materials time to lethality, i.e. FED 1.30 Table 1 Dependence of vCO2 and a on the volume fraction of carbon dioxide.18 Table 2 Some toxic potency values.19 Table 3 Combustion products.22 Table B.1 Example FED cal
21、culation data for material A.29 Table B.2 Example FED calculation data for material B29 Table C.1 F values for irritants .31 DD IEC TS 6069573:2004 3 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Mon Dec 11 00:52:12 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI TS -59606-73
22、 4002:CEI 7 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ FIRE HAZARD TESTING Part 7-3: Toxicity of fire effluent Use and interpretation of test results FOREWORD 1)The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnic
23、al committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, T
24、echnical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, gover
25、nmental and non- governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2)The formal decisions o
26、r agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees. 3)IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international
27、 use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4)In order to pr
28、omote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly ind
29、icated in the latter. 5)IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication. 6)All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7)No liability shall attach t
30、o IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) an
31、d expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8)Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9)
32、Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. In exceptiona
33、l circumstances, a technical committee may propose the publication of a technical specification when the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an International Standard, despite repeated efforts, or the subject is still under technical development or where, for any other reason,
34、 there is the future but no immediate possibility of an agreement on an International Standard. Technical specifications are subject to review within three years of publication to decide whether they can be transformed into International Standards. IEC 60695-7-3, which is a technical specification,
35、has been prepared by IEC technical committee 89: Fire hazard testing. This second edition of IEC 60695-7-3 cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1998. It constitutes a technical revision. DD IEC TS 6069573:2004 4 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University
36、, Mon Dec 11 00:52:12 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI TS -59606-73 4002:CEI 9 The structure of this technical specification remains essentially the same but has been usefully expanded in all areas to further clarify the alignment with ISO/TC 92 Fire Safety and in particular with ISO 13344
37、 and ISO/TS 13571. The main topics have been expanded upon to bring them into alignment with the current philosophy for the use and interpretation of test results. Formulae are given for the calculation of the fraction of the incapacitating dose for each of the asphyxiants, carbon monoxide and hydro
38、gen cyanide. Volume fractions that are expected to cause incapacitation (F values) are given for some of the more important irritants. Equations used to predict death are given. The hyperventilatory effect of carbon dioxide is discussed. It has the status of a basic safety publication in accordance
39、with IEC Guide 104. The text of this technical specification is based on the following documents: Enquiry draftReport on voting 89/592/DTS89/629/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical specification can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This
40、 publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. This technical specification is to be used in conjunction with IEC 60695-7-1 and IEC 60695-7-2. IEC 60695-7, under the general title Fire hazard testing Part 7: Toxicity of fire effluent, consists of the following parts
41、: Part 7-1: Toxicity of fire effluent General Part 7-2: Toxicity of fire effluent Summary and relevance of test methods Part 7-3: Toxicity of fire effluent Use and interpretation of test results Part 7-50: Toxicity of fire effluent Estimation of toxic potency Apparatus and test method Part 7-51: Tox
42、icity of fire effluent Estimation of toxic potency Calculation and interpretation of test results The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until 2009. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed; withdrawn; replaced by a revised edition, or amended.
43、 DD IEC TS 6069573:2004 5 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Mon Dec 11 00:52:12 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI TS -59606-73 4002:CEI 11 INTRODUCTION Electrotechnical products sometimes become involved in fires. However, except for certain specific
44、 cases (e.g. power generating stations, mass transit tunnels, computer suites), electrotechnical products are not normally present in sufficient quantities to form the major source of toxic hazard. For example, in domestic dwellings and places of public assembly, electrotechnical products are usuall
45、y a very minor source of fire effluent compared with, for example, furnishings. It should be noted that the IEC 60695-7 series is subject to the ongoing evolution of fire safety philosophy within ISO/TC 92. The guidance in this technical specification is consistent with the principles of fire safety
46、 developed by ISO TC 92 SC 3 on toxic hazards in fire, as described in ISO/TR 9122-1 to 9122- 6. General guidance for the assessment of the fire hazard of electrotechnical products is given in IEC 60695-1-1. Guidance on the estimation of escape times from fires is given in ISO/TS 13571. The determin
47、ation of the lethal toxic potency of fire effluents is described in ISO 13344. The following is a summary of the views expressed in ISO/TR 9122-1 (Toxicity testing of fire effluents Part 1: General). “Small-scale toxic potency tests as we know them today are inappropriate for regulatory purposes. Th
48、ey cannot provide rank orderings of materials with respect to their propensity to produce toxic atmospheres in fires. All currently available tests are limited because of their inability to replicate the dynamics of fire growth which determine the time/concentration profiles of the effluent in full-
49、scale fires, and the response of electrotechnical products, not just materials. This is a crucial limitation because the toxic effects of combustion effluent are now known to depend much more on the rates and conditions of combustion than on the chemical constitution of the burning materials.“ Because of these limitations IEC TC 89 has developed IEC 60695-7-50. This is a practical small-scale test for