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1、ACRP Airport Cooperative Research Program Helping Airport and Air Carrier Employees Cope with Traumatic Events Dr. Kim Kenville Monday, March 15, 2010 ACRP Current Status 176 research projects authorized. 47 starting up. 50 research in progress. 15 research completed. 64 ACRP publications. Over 700
2、industry volunteers participating. Participants come from airports; airlines; consultants; academics; state and federal government; and industry associations. Dozens of research contractors also from the airport industry. Airport Cooperative Research Program 4 ways to become involved: Submit a resea
3、rch idea, also called a Problem Statement. Volunteer to participate on a project panel. We reimburse for travel. Prepare a proposal to conduct research. Use our research results. www.TRB.org/ACRP For More Information www.TRB.org/ACRP Information on ACRP (look for our brochures) Search engine All res
4、earch projects Project statements (requests for proposals) Anticipated projects CRP publication lists (how to order) Registration form for receipt of RFPs Forum for success stories Report 22 Helping Airport and Air Carrier Employees Cope with Traumatic Events ACRP Project 06-01 Research Agency: Univ
5、ersity of North Dakota Principal Investigator: Dr. Kimberly A. Kenville ACRP SPO: Theresia Schatz ACRP Project Manager: Theresia Schatz, A.A.E. Senior Program Officer Transportation Research Board Members: Amy Armstrong Assistant Vice President of Human Resources Metropolitan Nashville Airport Autho
6、rity Steven Formanski Captain U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Tom Murphy President The Service Institute Bellingham, WA FAA Liaison: Bruce Landry Airport Safety and Operations (AAS-300) Federal Aviation Administration NTSB Liaison: Sharon Bryson Director Office of Transportation Disaste
7、r Assistance National Transportation Safety Board TRB Liaison: Christine Gerencher Senior Program Officer Transportation Research Board Chair: Ken Jenkins Formerly American Airlines. Dallas, Texas A06-01 Project Panel Chris Rhoads Manager, Central Terminal Building LaGuardia Airport Dr. Jaya Varma F
8、ormerly Jamaica Hospital, Jamaica NY HELPING AIRPORT AND AIR CARRIER EMPLOYEES COPE WITH TRAUMATIC EVENTS Presenter: Dr. Kim Kenville University of North Dakota 8 Working the response and recovery phases of an aircraft accident can be devastating to a non-first responder employee The recovery phase
9、of an accident can last anywhere from a few weeks to several years It is important to recognize symptoms of emotional distress (post traumatic stress/disorder), in order to keep good employees healthy both physically and mentally promote RESILENCY ACRP #22 Helping Airports and Air Carriers Employees
10、 Cope with Traumatic Events 9 FAR Part 139 and A/C 150/5200-31B (AEP) call for an airport to address potential mental health implications of response/recovery to an aircraft accident, however most airports do not have a specific program in place, but rely on their organizations Employees Assistance
11、Program (EAP) Non 139 Airports have no requirements Non FAR Part 121 air carriers have no requirements GA Organizations have no requirements Airport Regulations 10 Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) may have “stigmas” attached to them, and most employees do not now how to rapidly access nor utilize
12、 the services. Recovery from the incident goes on LONG after the LEO/FD/NTSB go home Some accidents have memorials, markers and family members that make repeat visits Many employees that have worked accidents have long lasting mental health implications from their work, or may leave their positions,
13、 which becomes a human resource issue for the airport Background Information 11 Used NTSB database to do field interviews with airport/airline personnel involved in past incidents Used Quantitative and Qualitative Interview Questionnaires Performed data analysis on the interviews and questionnaires
14、Interviewed 25 people in 5 locations dealing with both man made and natural disasters Research Design 12 All cited an emotional response, many would instantly recall the first traumatic event they were involved with, other symptoms of PTS were cited (we did not attempt to diagnose PTSD). Sleeplessne
15、ss Physical illness Change in personality Altered functioning No reported substance abuse (aviation?) Findings 13 Several found relief through professional counseling Co-workers (same experience) were significant to positive coping outcome Debriefings Some identified as great, others did not. The li
16、terature suggests technical debriefings have value, but emotional debriefings do notIt seems that it is best NOT to replay the emotional events, as most peoples minds have already “stored” the event Findings 175 airport surveyed. N=64 or 37% All regions represented All sizes (GA to large hub) 36 hav
17、e programs designed to aid in MH (could be EAP within their larger organization- city/county) 45 airports had experienced a man made/natural disaster in preceding 10 years 63% felt MH recovery was “important” only 9% did not favor a MH program 14 Online Airport Survey 1.Does your AEP have any formal
18、/informal mechanism to deal with MH issues: Yes 56%No 44% 2. In the past 10 years has your airport been exposed to any type of disasters? (check all) Airline 11% General Aviation69% Natural Disaster49% 3.Would you be in favor of a program/template to help your organization deal with the recovery pha
19、se of a traumatic event? Yes 63% No9% Dont Know28% 16 1.Have regular training exercises that practice the RECOVERY phase “returning to normal ops” 2.Work with Mutual Aid groups to explore the mental health aspect, see what is available to your workers in your community 3.Embed the EAP group into you
20、r training exercise, so that employees know them, and the EAP providers “go through” the same events as employees to build trust and read the relevant literature (ACRP document) What can Employers do? Steps for Mental Health Recovery Planning (MHRP) 1.Awareness and Cultural Integration 2.Assessment
21、of MH Resource Availability 3.Embedding MH Practitioners 4.Preparations of MH Provider 5.Employee Training Program 6.Establishment of Mutual Aid Program 7.Assimilating the MHRP into the Critical Incident Response Training 17 18 1. Safety: get situation under control so employees feel safe 2. Calmnes
22、s: restore calmness and control, normalize, and use problem focused-coping 3. Self-Efficacy: your actions will lead to positive outcomes “believe in yourself” 4. Connectedness: social and work support systems (training phase initiates this) 5. Instill Hope: all is not lost, we will recover, lessons
23、will be learned and techniques improved Often conducted by Administration, Not MH providers Promote a sense of: Employee Safety Calming Self- Efficacy Connect- edness Hope Source: Hobfoll, et. al. (2007). Five Essential Intervention Principles Case Studies 1. SEADOG/WESTDOG 2. Continuity of Care (As
24、pen-Pitkin Cty) 3. ALPA 4. NTSB 5. Home Grown Resilience 6. NY State Mental Health Office Plan What can Airports do? Identify resources in the State System of Airports (for technical and MH issues) In case of a accident/natural disaster Have a working agreement (MOU/LOA)in place to assist airports i
25、n the form of Technical (maintenance) Resource-based (equipment/personnel) To begin the recovery phase and have a positive outcome 21 The research team: Kim Kenville, Ph.D., C.M.(avit), Rosanne McBride, Ph.D. (psyc), James Higgins, MS, ATP (avit), Warren Jensen, MD (AME) (avit), Thomas Petros, Ph.D. (psyc) Contact: kimkaero.und.edu 22 Thank you! Questions? www.TRB.org/ACRP