《IEEE-1459-2000.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《IEEE-1459-2000.pdf（50页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright 2000 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 21 June 2000. Printed in the United States of America. Print: ISBN 0-7381-1962-8 SH948
2、23 PDF: ISBN 0-7381-1963-6 SS94823 No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. IEEE Std 1459-2000 IEEE Trial-Use Standard Defi nitions for the Measurement of Electric Power Quantitie
3、s Under Sinusoidal, Nonsinusoidal, Balanced, or Unbalanced Conditions Sponsor Power System Instrumentation and Measurements Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society Approved 30 January 2000 IEEE-SA Standards Board Abstract: This is a trial-use standard for defi nitions used for measurement of
4、 electric power quantities under sinusoidal, nonsinusoidal, balanced, or unbalanced conditions. It lists the mathematical expressions that were used in the past, as well as new expressions, and explains the features of the new defi nitions. Keywords: active power, apparent power, nonactive power, po
5、wer factor, reactive power, total harmonic distortion Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/25/2007 02:56:25 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without lic
6、ense from IHS -,-,- IEEE Standards documents are developed within the IEEE Societies and the Standards Coordinating Com- mittees of the IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA) Standards Board. Members of the committees serve voluntarily and without compensation. They are not necessarily members of the
7、Institute. The standards developed within IEEE represent a consensus of the broad expertise on the subject within the Institute as well as those activities outside of IEEE that have expressed an interest in participating in the development of the standard. Use of an IEEE Standard is wholly voluntary
8、. The existence of an IEEE Standard does not imply that there are no other ways to produce, test, measure, purchase, market, or provide other goods and services related to the scope of the IEEE Standard. Furthermore, the viewpoint expressed at the time a standard is approved and issued is subject to
9、 change brought about through developments in the state of the art and comments received from users of the standard. Every IEEE Standard is subjected to review at least every fi ve years for revision or reaffi rmation. When a document is more than fi ve years old and has not been reaffi rmed, it is
10、rea- sonable to conclude that its contents, although still of some value, do not wholly refl ect the present state of the art. Users are cautioned to check to determine that they have the latest edition of any IEEE Standard. Comments for revision of IEEE Standards are welcome from any interested par
11、ty, regardless of membership affi liation with IEEE. Suggestions for changes in documents should be in the form of a proposed change of text, together with appropriate supporting comments. Interpretations: Occasionally questions may arise regarding the meaning of portions of standards as they relate
12、 to specifi c applications. When the need for interpretations is brought to the attention of IEEE, the Institute will initiate action to prepare appropriate responses. Since IEEE Standards represent a consensus of all concerned interests, it is important to ensure that any interpretation has also re
13、ceived the concurrence of a balance of interests. For this reason, IEEE and the members of its societies and Standards Coordinating Committees are not able to provide an instant response to interpretation requests except in those cases where the matter has previously received formal consideration. C
14、omments on standards and requests for interpretations should be addressed to: Secretary, IEEE-SA Standards Board 445 Hoes Lane P.O. Box 1331 Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331 USA IEEE is the sole entity that may authorize the use of certifi cation marks, trademarks, or other designations to indicate complia
15、nce with the materials set forth herein. Authorization to photocopy portions of any individual standard for internal or personal use is granted by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., provided that the appropriate fee is paid to Copyright Clearance Center. To arrange for paym
16、ent of licensing fee, please contact Copyright Clearance Center, Cus- tomer Service, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 USA; (978) 750-8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copy- right Clearance Center. Not
17、e: Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not
18、be responsible for identifying patents for which a license may be required by an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention. Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under
19、license with IEEELicensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/25/2007 02:56:25 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright 2000 IEEE. All rights reserved. iii Introduction (This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 1459-2000, IEEE Trial-Us
20、e Standard Defi nitions for the Measurement of Electric Power Quantities Under Sinusoidal, Nonsinusoidal, Balanced, or Unbalanced Conditions.) The defi nitions for active, reactive, and apparent powers that are currently used are based on the knowledge developed and agreed upon during the 1940s. Suc
21、h defi nitions served the industry well, as long as the cur- rent and voltage waveforms remained nearly sinusoidal. Important changes have occurred in the last 50 years. The new environment is conditioned by the following facts: a) Power electronics equipment, such as Adjustable Speed Drives, Contro
22、lled Rectifi ers, Cycloconvert- ers, Electronically Ballasted Lamps, Arc and Induction Furnaces, and clusters of Personal Computers, represent major nonlinear and parametric loads proliferating among industrial and com- mercial customers. Such loads have the potential to create a host of disturbance
23、s for the utility and the end-users equipment. The main problems stem from the fl ow of nonactive energy caused by har- monic currents and voltages. b) New defi nitions of powers have been discussed in the last 30 years in the engineering literature (Filipski B6). The mechanism of electric energy fl
24、 ow for nonsinusoidal and/or unbalanced conditions is well understood today. c)The traditional instrumentation designed for the sinusoidal 60/50 Hz waveform is prone to signifi cant errors when the current and the voltage waveforms are distorted (Filipski B6). d)Microprocessors and minicomputers ena
25、ble todays manufacturers of electrical instruments to con- struct new, accurate, and versatile metering equipment that is capable of measuring electrical quantities defi ned by means of advanced mathematical models. e)There is a need to quantify correctly the distortions caused by the nonlinear and
26、parametric loads, and to apply a fair distribution of the fi nancial burden required to maintain the quality of electric service. This trial-use standard lists new defi nitions of powers needed for the following particular situations: When the voltage and current waveforms are nonsinusoidal. When th
27、e load is unbalanced or the supplying voltages are asymmetrical. When the energy dissipated in the neutral path due to zero-sequence current components has economical signifi cance. The new defi nitions were developed to give guidance with respect to the quantities that should be measured or monitor
28、ed for revenue purposes, engineering economic decisions, and determination of major harmonic polluters. The following important electrical quantities are recognized by this trial-use standard: 1)The power frequency (60/50 Hz or fundamental) apparent, active, and reactive powers. These three basic qu
29、antities are the quintessence of the power fl ow in electric networks. They defi ne the product generated, transmitted, distributed, and sold by the electric utilities and bought by the end-users. This is the electric energy transmitted by the 60/50 Hz electromagnetic fi eld. In poly-phase systems t
30、he power frequency positive-sequence powers are the important dominant quantities. The power fre- quency positive-sequence power factor is a key value that helps determine and adjust the fl ow of power frequency positive-sequence reactive power. The fundamental positive-sequence reactive power is of
31、 utmost importance in power systems; it governs the fundamental voltage magnitude and its distribution along the feeders, and affects electromechanical stability as well as the energy loss. Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEEL
32、icensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/25/2007 02:56:25 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- iv Copyright 2000 IEEE. All rights reserved. 2)The effective apparent power in three-phase systems, , where V e and I e are the equivalent volta
33、ge and current. In sinusoidal and balanced situations, S e is equal to the conventional apparent power , where and are the line-to-neutral and the line-to-line voltage, respectively. For sinusoidal unbalanced or for nonsinusoidal balanced or unbalanced situa- tions, S e allows rational and correct c
34、omputation of the power factor. This quantity was proposed in 1922 by the German engineer F. Buchholz B1 and in 1933 was explained by the American engineer W. M. Goodhue B7. 3)The non-60 Hz or nonfundamental apparent power, S N (for brevity, 50 Hz power is not always men- tioned). This power quantif
35、i es the overall amount of harmonic pollution delivered or absorbed by a load. It also quantifi es the required capacity of dynamic compensators or active fi lters when used for nonfundamental compensation alone. 4)Current distortion power, D I , identifi es the segment of nonfundamental nonactive p
36、ower due to cur- rent distortion. This is usually the dominant component of S N . 5)Voltage distortion power, D V , separates the nonfundamental nonactive power component due to volt- age distortion. 6)Apparent harmonic power, S H , indicates the level of apparent power due to harmonic voltages and
37、currents alone. This is the smallest component of S N and includes the harmonic active power P H . To avoid confusion, it was decided not to add new units. The use of the watts (W) for instantaneous and active powers, volt-amperes (VA) for apparent powers, and varistor (var) for all the nonactive po
38、wers, main- tains the distinct separation among these three major types of powers. There is not yet available a generalized power theory that can provide a simultaneous common base for Energy billing Evaluation of electric energy quality Detection of the major sources of waveform distortion Theoreti
39、cal calculations for the design of mitigation equipment such as active fi lters or dynamic- compensators This trial-use standard is meant to provide defi nitions extended from the well-established concepts. It is meant to serve the user who wants to measure and design instrumentation for energy and
40、power quantifi ca- tion. It is not meant to help in the design of real-time control of dynamic compensators or for diagnosis instrumentation used to pinpoint to a specifi c type of annoying event or harmonic. To the working groups knowledge, no commercially available instruments are fully capable of
41、 quantifying S e and S N according to the defi nitions given in this standard. These defi nitions are meant to serve as a guide- line and a useful benchmark for future developments. Se3VeIe= S3VlnI3VllI=VlnVll Publication of this trial-use standard for comment and criticism has been approved by the
42、Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Trial-use standards are effective for 24 months from the date of publication. Comments for revision will be accepted for 18 months after publication. Suggestions for revision should be directed to the Secretary, IEEE-SA Standards Board, 445 Hoes Lan
43、e, P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331, and should be received no later than 21 November 2001. It is expected that following the 24-month period, this trial-use standard, revised as necessary, shall be submitted to the IEEE-SA Standards Board for approval as a full-use standard. Copyright The I
44、nstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/25/2007 02:56:25 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright 2000 IEEE. All rights reserved. v Parti
45、cipants At the time this trial-use standard was completed, the Working Group on Nonsinusoidal Situations had the following membership: Alexander E. Emanuel, Chair The following members of the balloting committee voted on this standard: When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on 30 Ja
46、nuary 2000, it had the following membership: Richard J. Holleman, Chair Donald N. Heirman, Vice Chair Judith Gorman, Secretary *Member Emeritus Also included is the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaison: Robert E. Hebner Catherine K.N. Berger IEEE Standards Project Editor Rejean Arsene
47、au Yahia Bagzouz Joseph M. Belanger Keneth B. Bowes James A. Braun David Cooper Mikey D. Cox Alexander Domijan Larry Durante David Elmore Lazhar Fekih-Ahmed Piotr S. Filipski Prasanta K. Ghosh Erich Gunther Dennis Hansen Gilbert C. Hensley Ole W. Iwanusiw Dan McAuliff Terrence McComb Alexander McEac
48、hern Herman M. Millican Thomas L. Nelson George Stephens Raymond H. Stevens Douglas Williams Warren A. Anderson William J. Buckley Steven W. Crampton Alexander E. Emanuel Erich Gunther Ernst Hanique Dennis Hansen John Kuffel William Larzelere Blane Leuschner Terrence McComb Herman M. Millican Daleep
49、 C. Mohla Eddy So Rao Thallam Barry H. Ward Satish K. Aggarwal Dennis Bodson Mark D. Bowman James T. Carlo Gary R. Engmann Harold E. Epstein Jay Forster* Ruben D. Garzon James H. Gurney Lowell G. Johnson Robert J. Kennelly E. G. “Al” Kiener Joseph L. Koepfi nger* L. Bruce McClung Daleep C. Mohla Robert F. Munzner Louis-Franois Pau Ronald C. Petersen Gerald H. Peterson John B. Posey Gary S. Robinson Akio Tojo Han