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1、 TECHNICAL REPORT IEC TR 61292-5 First edition 2004-07 Optical amplifiers Part 5: Polarization mode dispersion parameter General information Reference number IEC/TR 61292-5:2004(E) Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Provided by IHS under license with IECLicensee=IHS Employees/111111
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8、u have any questions regarding this publication or need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service Centre: Email: custserviec.ch Tel: +41 22 919 02 11 Fax: +41 22 919 03 00 Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Provided by IHS under license with IECLicensee=IHS Employees/1
9、111111001, User=listmgr, listmgr Not for Resale, 03/05/2007 23:25:52 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- TECHNICAL REPORT IEC TR 61292-5 First edition 2004-07 Optical amplifiers Part 5: Polarization mode dispersion parameter General information PRICE CODE IEC 20
10、04 Copyright - all rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varemb, PO
11、Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland Telephone: +41 22 919 02 11 Telefax: +41 22 919 03 00 E-mail: inmailiec.ch Web: www.iec.ch M For price, see current catalogue Commission Electrotechnique Internationale International Electrotechnical Commission Copyright International Electrotechnical Commissi
12、on Provided by IHS under license with IECLicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=listmgr, listmgr Not for Resale, 03/05/2007 23:25:52 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 2 TR 61292-5 IEC:2004(E) CONTENTS FOREWORD.3 1 Scope.5 2 Normative references .5 3 Acronyms
13、and abbreviations.5 4 General Information6 4.1 Principal states of polarization and mode coupling 6 4.2 Differential group delay and polarization mode dispersion .6 5 Test method calculations7 6 Measurement issues.7 6.1 Source degree of polarization and amplified spontaneous emission.7 6.2 The use o
14、f a broadband source .9 6.3 Coherence interference effects and multiple path interferences.9 Annex A (informative) Applicability of various PMD test methods to different applications 11 Bibliography12 Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Provided by IHS under license with IECLicensee=
15、IHS Employees/1111111001, User=listmgr, listmgr Not for Resale, 03/05/2007 23:25:52 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- TR 61292-5 IEC:2004(E) 3 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS Part 5: Polarization mode dispersion parameter General
16、 information FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardi
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25、on is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC
26、shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. However, a technical committee may propose the publication of a Technical Report when it has collected data of a different kind from that whic
27、h is normally published as an International Standard, for example “state of the art“. IEC 61292-5, which is a Technical Report, has been prepared by subcommittee 86C: Fibre optic systems and active devices, of IEC technical committee 86: Fibre optics. The text of this Technical Report is based on th
28、e following documents: Enquiry draft Report on voting 86C/579A/DTR 86C/608/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this Technical Report can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Provided by IHS under license
29、 with IECLicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=listmgr, listmgr Not for Resale, 03/05/2007 23:25:52 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 4 TR 61292-5 IEC:2004(E) IEC 61292 consists of the following parts, under the new general title Optical amplifiers: Part 1:
30、Parameters of amplifier components Part 2: Theoretical background for noise figure evaluation using the electrical spectrum analyzer Part 3: Classification, characteristics and applications. Part 4: Maximum permissible optical power for the damage-free and safe use of optical amplifiers, including R
31、aman amplifiers1) Part 5: Polarization mode dispersion parameter General information Future standards in this series will carry the new general title as cited above. Titles of existing standards in this series will be updated at the time of the next edition. This publication has been drafted in acco
32、rdance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publicati
33、on will be reconfirmed; withdrawn; replaced by a revised edition, or amended. A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date. 1) To be published. Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Provided by IHS under license with IECLicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=l
34、istmgr, listmgr Not for Resale, 03/05/2007 23:25:52 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- TR 61292-5 IEC:2004(E) 5 OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS Part 5: Polarization mode dispersion parameter General information 1 Scope This part of IEC 61292, which is a Technical Report, ap
35、plies to all commercially available optical amplifiers (OAs) including those using fibres (OFAs), semiconductors (SOAs), and waveguides (POWA), as classified in IEC 61292-3. This Technical Report presents general information about polarization mode dispersion (PMD), related to the application of the
36、 two commonly used methods to test PMD in OAs, the Jones matrix eigenanalysis (JME) and the Poincar sphere analysis (PSA), which have been demonstrated to be formalistically equivalent 4,52). This report is complementary to the International Standards describing the JME procedure (IEC 61290-11-1) an
37、d the PSA procedure (IEC 61290-11-2). 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the understanding of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendme
38、nts) applies. IEC 61290-11-1, Optical amplifier test methods Part 11-1: Polarization mode dispersion Jones matrix eigenanalysis method (JME) IEC 61290-11-2, Optical fibre amplifier test methods Part 11-2: Polarization mode dispersion Poincar sphere analysis method 3) IEC 61292-3, Optical amplifiers
39、Part 3: Classification, characteristics and applications 3 Acronyms and abbreviations ASE amplified spontaneous emission BBS broadband source DGD differential group delay DOP degree of polarization JME Jones matrix eigenanalysis OA optical amplifier OFA optical fibre amplifier OSA optical spectrum a
40、nalyser PDG polarization dependent gain PDL polarization dependent loss 2) Numbers in brackets refer to the Bibliography. 3) To be published. Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Provided by IHS under license with IECLicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=listmgr, listmgr Not for Res
41、ale, 03/05/2007 23:25:52 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 6 TR 61292-5 IEC:2004(E) PMD polarisation mode dispersion PMF polarization-maintaining fibre POWA planar optical waveguide amplifier PSA Poincar sphere analysis PSP principal states of polarization RBW
42、 resolution bandwidth RMS root mean square SMSR side mode suppression ratio SOA semiconductor optical amplifier SOP state of polarization TLS tuneable laser source 4 General Information PMD refers to how the polarized light and in particular the principal states of polarization (PSPs) from a short p
43、ulse of a narrowband light source are modified when going through a device such as an OA. This process is mathematically explained by the concepts of polarization transfer function, the Jones vector and the polarization dispersion matrix, the Stokes vector and the Poincar sphere, the PSPs and their
44、mode coupling, the polarization dispersion vector and the differential group delay (DGD). The following clauses will discuss some of these concepts as specifically applied to OAs. 4.1 Principal states of polarization and mode coupling OAs are usually defined by a combination of optical components (p
45、assive or active gain medium); in some cases, an optical fibre is used as the active gain medium (see IEC 61292-3). Some components have a deterministic behaviour while others behave stochastically, depending on their complexity and design. An optical fibre is deterministic if its length is short or
46、 if its birefringence axis is fixed, such as in the case of a polarization-maintaining fibre (PMF). The fibre will have a stochastic behaviour if it has a long length such as the fibre installed in cable plant. The length from which the fibre behaves stochastically is still under investigation. Most
47、 OAs are expected to behave in semi-random mode coupling. 4.2 Differential group delay and polarization mode dispersion In OAs, the DGD may vary as a function of wavelength (or frequency) even if this variation is smooth, small or sometimes predictable. In that case, the concept of PMD expressed as
48、the RMS value or average value of the variation of the DGD as a function of wavelength (or optical frequency) and the concept of maximum value of that DGD variation can be used. For OAs the DGD and PMD are reported in ps. In OAs, PMD together with polarization dependent loss (PDL) and polarization dependent gain (PDG) may introduce waveform distortion, leading to unacceptable bit error rate increase. Figure 1