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1、IEEE Std 656-1992 (R2006) IEEE Standard for the Measurement of Audible Noise From Overhead Transmission Lines Sponsor Transmission and Distribution Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society Reaffirmed 14 September 2006 Approved 17 September 1992 IEEE-SA Standards Board Abstract: Uniform proced
2、ures are established for manual and automatic measurement of audible noise from overhead transmission lines. Their purpose is to allow valid evaluation and comparison of the audible noise performance of various overhead lines. Definitions are provided, and instru- ments are specified. Measurement pr
3、ocedures are set forth, and precautions are given. Supporting data that should accompany the measurement data are specified, and methods for presenting the latter are described. Keywords: audible noise, overhead transmission lines The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Av
4、enue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright 1992 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 1992 Printed in the United States of America. ISBN 1-55937-274-5 No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval syste
5、m or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=OConnor, Maurice Not for Resale, 04/28/2007 21:28:18 MDTNo reproduction or netwo
6、rking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IEEE Standards documents are developed within the Technical Com- mittees of the IEEE Societies and the Standards Coordinating Commit- tees of the IEEE Standards Board. Members of the committees serve voluntarily and without compensation. They are not ne
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13、t any interpretation has also received the concurrence of a balance of interests. For this reason IEEE and the members of its technical committees are not able to provide an instant response to inter- pretation requests except in those cases where the matter has previously received formal considerat
14、ion. Comments on standards and requests for interpretations should be addressed to: Secretary, IEEE Standards Board 445 Hoes Lane P.O. Box 1331 Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331 USA IEEE Standards documents are adopted by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers without regard to whether their
15、adoption may involve patents on articles, materials, or processes. Such adoption does not assume any liability to any patent owner, nor does it assume any obli- gation whatever to parties adopting the standards documents. Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided
16、 by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=OConnor, Maurice Not for Resale, 04/28/2007 21:28:18 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Foreword (This foreword is not a part of IEEE Std 656-1992, IEEE Standard for the Measurement of Audib
17、le Noise From Overhead Transmission Lines.) This standard is the result of several years of effort by the Corona Effects Working Group and its predecessor, the Audible Noise Working Group, of the Corona and Field Effects Sub- committee of the Transmission and Distribution Committee of the IEEE Power
18、 Engineering Society. This standard is the direct outgrowth of a report that was prepared by a task force of the subcommittee and published as “IEEE Committee Report, Measurement of Audible Noise From Transmission Lines,” IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, vol. PAS- 100, no. 3, Mar. 1
19、981, pp. 1440-1452. The report is recommended as a tutorial for this stan- dard. The 1992 revision of this standard incorporates minor revisions, based upon application of this standard, and a new appendix that contains the results of work by the Psychoacoustics Task Force on definitions of instrume
20、ntation for psychoacoustic testing. At the time that this standard was approved, the Corona Effects Working Group had the fol- lowing membership: J. R. Stewart, Chair G. K. BellW. JanischewskyjR. G. Olsen H. BhaiG. B. JohnsonM. Poland R. CarberryN. KolcioA. Porrino V. L. ChartierV. J. LongoW. R. Sch
21、linger B. ClairmontR. C. MadgeP. Seitz F. M. DietrichP. S. MaruvadaG. A. Stewart G. GelaT. J. McDermottK. Tanabe G. K. HatanakaF. W. Warburton J. E. HudsonP. S. Wong The following persons were on the balloting committee that approved this standard for sub- mission to the IEEE Standards Board: J. J.
22、BurkeG. KaradyF. D. Myers V. L. ChartierN. KolcioD. L. Nickel G. A. DavidsonH. LamS. L. Nilsson C. C. DiemondK. E. LindseyR. G. Oswald D. A. GilliesJ. H. MalloryW. E. Reid I. S. GrantT. J. McDermottM. Sforzini J. G. KappenmanB. R. Shperling Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engin
23、eers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=OConnor, Maurice Not for Resale, 04/28/2007 21:28:18 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- When the IEEE Standards Board approved this standard on Septamber 17, 1992, it had
24、the following membership: Marco W. Migliaro, ChairDonald C. Loughry, Vice Chair Andrew G. Salem, Secretary Dennis BodsonDonald N. HeirmanT. Don Michael* Paul L. BorrillBen C. JohnsonJohn L. Rankine Clyde CampWalter J. KarplusWallace S. Read Donald C. FleckensteinIvor N. KnightRonald H. Reimer Jay Fo
25、rster*Joseph Koepfinger*Gary S. Robinson David F. FranklinIrving KolodnyMartin V. Schneider Ramiro GarciaD. N. “Jim” LogothetisTerrance R. Whittemore Thomas L. HannanLawrence V. McCallDonald W. Zipse *Member Emeritus Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE Standards Board liaisons: Satish K.
26、Aggarwal James Beall Richard B. Engelman David E. Soffrin Stanley Warshaw Adam Sicker IEEE Standards Project Editor Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=OConnor, Maurice Not for Resale, 04
27、/28/2007 21:28:18 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Contents SECTIONPAGE 1.Purpose and Scope 7 2.References 7 3.Definitions. 8 4.Instruments. 9 4.1Sound-Level Meters 9 4.2Microphones 10 4.3Microphone Protective Devices. 10 4.4Frequency Analyzers. 10 4.5Recorde
28、rs. 10 4.6Community-Noise Analyzers 10 5.Measurement Procedures. 10 5.1Short-Term Manual Surveys 11 5.2Long-Term Automatic Surveys 14 6.Measurement Precautions 14 6.1Weather Protection of System 14 6.2Ambient-Noise Intrusions. 15 6.3Alternating Electric and Magnetic Fields 15 6.4Measurements Near DC
29、 Transmission Lines . 15 7.Supporting Data 15 7.1General Information . 15 7.2Meteorological Information 16 7.3Short-Term Manual Measurements. 16 7.4Long-Term Automatic Measurements. 16 8.Data Presentation. 16 8.1Short-Term Manual Measurement Data. 16 8.2Long-Term Measurment Data 16 FIGURES Fig 1Free
30、-Field Microphone Orientation. 11 Fig 2Pressure Microphone Orientation . 11 Fig 3Random-Incidence Microphone Orientation . 12 Fig 4Form A Audible Noise Data Sheet 17 Fig 5Example of Frequency Spectrum of AC Transmission-Line Audible Noise in Rain. 18 Fig 6Example of Audible-Noise Lateral Profile. 18
31、 Fig 7Example of Cumulative Distribution Curves of Transmission-Line Noise Data 19 Fig 8Example of Plots of Frequncy-Spectrum Exceedance Levels of Transmission-Line Noise . 20 Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Em
32、ployees/1111111001, User=OConnor, Maurice Not for Resale, 04/28/2007 21:28:18 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- APPENDIXESPAGE Appendix ARecording Requirements Transmission-Line Audible-Noise Sounds. 21 A1. Introduction 21 A2. Minimum Requirements 21 A3. Syste
33、m Performance Requirements 22 A4. Operational Requirements 23 Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=OConnor, Maurice Not for Resale, 04/28/2007 21:28:18 MDTNo reproduction or networking per
34、mitted without license from IHS -,-,- 7 IEEE Standard for the Measurement of Audible Noise From Overhead Transmission Lines 1. Purpose and Scope 1.1 Purpose. The purpose of this standard is to establish uniform procedures for the mea- surement of audible noise from overhead transmission lines, using
35、 instrumentation that con- forms to ANSI S1.4-1983 11, ANSI S1.6-1984 2, ANSI/SAE J184-1987 4, IEC 651 (1979) 5, and IEEE Std 539-1990 7. A uniform procedure is a prerequisite to valid evaluation and comparisons of the audible-noise performance of various overhead power transmission lines. 1.2 Scope
36、. This standard covers manual and automatic audible-noise measurements from overhead power transmission lines. 2. References 1 ANSI S1.4-1983, American National Standard Specification for Sound Level Meters.2 2 ANSI S1.6-1984 (Reaff 1990), American National Standard Preferred Frequencies, Fre- quenc
37、y Levels, and Band Numbers for Acoustical Measurements. 3 ANSI S1.11-1986, American National Standard Specifications for Octave-Band and Frac- tional Octave-Band Analog and Digital Filters. 4 ANSI/SAE J184-1987, Qualifying a Sound Data Acquisition System. 5 IEC 651 (1979), Sound level meters.3 6 IEE
38、E Std 100-1990, The New IEEE Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronics Terms.4 7 IEEE Std 539-1990, IEEE Standard Definitions of Terms Relating to Corona and Field Effects of Overhead Power Lines (ANSI). 1The numbers in brackets correspond to those of the references in Section 2. 2ANSI publi
39、cations are available from the Sales Department, American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street, 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036, USA. 3IEC publications are available from the IEC Sales Department, Case Postale 131, 3 rue de Varemb, CH 1211, Genve 20, Switzerland, Suisse. IEC publications
40、 are also available in the United States from the Sales Department, American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street, 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036, USA. 4IEEE publications are available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Service Center, 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 13
41、31, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331, USA. Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=OConnor, Maurice Not for Resale, 04/28/2007 21:28:18 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license fro
42、m IHS -,-,- IEEE Std 656-1992IEEE STANDARD FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF AUDIBLE 8 3. Definitions The following definitions are used in this standard. For additional definitions, see IEEE Std 100-1990 6 and IEEE Std 539-1990 7. day-night sound level (Ldn). The Ldn rating is the average A-weighted sound lev
43、el, in deci- bels, integrated over a 24 h period. A 10 db(A) penalty is applied to all sound occuring between 10 P.M. and 7 A.M. NOTES: (1) Ldn is intended to improve upon the Leq rating by adding a correction for nighttime noise intrusions because people are more sensitive to such intrusions. (2) T
44、he Ldn can be derived from daytime and nighttime Leq values as follows: where Ld=The Leq for the 15 daytime hours Ln=The Leq for the 9 nighttime hours (3) The purpose of Ldn is to provide a single-number measure of time-carrying noise for a specific time period (24 h). energy-equivalent sound level
45、(Leq). The average of the sound energy level (usually A- weighted) of a varying sound over a specified period of time. NOTES: (1) The simplest and most popular method for rating intermittent or fluctuating noise intrusions is to rely upon some measure of the average sound-level magnitude over time.
46、The most common such average is the equiva- lent sound level, Leq, expressed in decibels. (2) The term “equivalent” signifies that a steady sound having the same level as the Leq would have the same sound energy as the fluctuating sound. The term “energy” is used because the sound amplitude is avera
47、ged on an rms-pres- sure-squared basis, and the square of the pressure is proportional to energy. For example, two sounds, one of which contains 24 times as much energy as the other but lasts for 1 h instead of 24 h, would have the same energy-equiva- lent sound level. (3) Mathematically, the equiva
48、lent sound level is defined as where p(t)=The time-varying A-weighted sound level, in Pa pref=The reference pressure, 20 Pa (t2 t1)=The time period of interest If the cumulative probability distribution of a noise is known, then Leq can be estimated by where Px, Px-1=Selected adjacent steps along the probability scale, expressed in percent (%) Lx=The highest noise level in each step x=The step number n=The total number of steps free-field microphone. A microphone that has been designed to have a flat frequency response to sound waves arriving with perpendicul