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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 5191:1975 Glossary of Production planning and control terms UDC 001.4:658.5 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Dec 01 13:34:15 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5191:1975 This British Standard, having been approved by Technical Committee M/136, “Productio
2、n Control Terminology” was published under the authority of the Executive Board on 28 February 1975 BSI 08-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference M/136 Draft for comment 72/62037 DC ISBN 0 580 08572 4 Co-operating organizations Technical Committee
3、M/136 “Production Control Terminology”, under whose supervision this British Standard was prepared, consists of representatives from the following Government departments and scientific and industrial organizations. British Computer Society British Production and Inventory Control Society British Rai
4、lways Board British Ship Research Association Department of Industry: National Engineering Laboratory Department of Industry: National Physical Laboratory Electricity Supply Industry in England and Wales Engineering Employers West of England Association Institute of Cost and Management Accountants I
5、nstitute of Work Study Practitioners Institution of Production Engineers Management Consultants Association Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food Ministry of Defence National Building Agency Post Office Royal Institute of British Architects Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Limited Tra
6、des Union Congress University of Birmingham Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.Date of issueComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Dec 01 13:34:15 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5191:1975 BSI 08-1999i Contents Page Co-operating organizationsInside front cove
7、r Forewordii 0Introduction1 1General terms3 2Production planning terms5 3Production control terms13 4Documentation terms19 Appendix A Related quality control terms21 Appendix B Related cost control terms21 Index30 Figure 1 Diagrammatic representation of glossary structure2 Figure 2 Assembly levels4
8、Figure 3 Stock diagram for production control in a manufacturing company8 Figure 4 Stock diagram for wholesaleretaildistributive organization(s)9 Figure 5 General and operation durations12 Figure 6 Stock levels16 Figure 7 Stock control systems17 Figure 8 Management accounting methods, principles and
9、 techniques23 Figure 9 The elements of cost26 Figure 10 Accounting ratios relating to production27 Publications referred toInside back cover Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Dec 01 13:34:15 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5191:1975 ii BSI 08-1999 Foreword Although this i
10、s the first glossary published by BSI on this subject it should be noted that during the Second World War BSI produced a comprehensive standard, BS 1100 “Office aid to the factory”, which consisted of the following parts: Part 1:1943 Principles of production control; Part 2:1944 Production control i
11、n the smaller factory; Part 3:1945 Application of production control; Part 4:1944 Pay roll methods including PAYE; Part 5:1944 Stock control and store keeping; Part 8:1946 Office mechanization; Part 9:1944 Drawing office organization; Part 10:1943 Office organization and practice. BS 1100 was subseq
12、uently transferred to the British Institute of Management (BIM) in July 1948 but was not further developed. Consequently BSI was approached in May 1972 to establish a BS vocabulary for production control based on a draft submitted by a working party of the Department of Trade and Industry. In Octobe
13、r 1972 the draft document submitted by DTI was circulated for public comment, following which a new BSI committee (M/136) was constituted to develop the draft for publication. As a result of the comprehensive comments submitted, the draft has been completely restructured and expanded; in particular,
14、 new sections on documentation and forecasting have been added. Cost and works accounting terms have also been included in an appendix based on Part 1 of the 1974 edition of the ICMA1) publication “Terminology of Accountancy”, for the use of which acknowledgement is made. The prime intention of this
15、 glossary is to facilitate communication and the spread of knowledge in this subject and also to provide an interface with related disciplines. With regard to the latter, particular note has been taken of the following British Standards: BS 3138, Glossary of terms used in work study. BS 4335, Glossa
16、ry of terms used in project network techniques. BS 4778, Glossary of general terms used in quality assurance. NOTEThe titles of the British Standards referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. Throughout the development of this glossary, the BSI committee recognized that not o
17、nly would it be utilized for standardization purposes as a guide to teachers and authors in the choice of a correct term or definition, but would also be of educational use to students. Consequently a series of diagrams illustrating the inter-relationships of various terms or groups of terms has bee
18、n included. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This documen
19、t comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 32, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. 1) Institute
20、of Cost and Management Accountants, 63 Portland Place, London W1. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Dec 01 13:34:15 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5191:1975 BSI 08-19991 0 Introduction Contemporary industrial management is faced with a business environment which is incre
21、asingly competitive, creating a need for more effective planning and control of production resources. When BS 1100-1 was published in 1943 competition was for national survival, but it was recognized that better use of production resources, control of stock and customer deliveries were of critical i
22、mportance. The authors wrote: “it is becoming increasingly clear that if more thought were given to methods of factory organization and production control, many of the problems would be largely remedied”. Times have changed little in this respect. Even with the advent of computers capable of process
23、ing vast amounts of data and the growth of various management sciences, the greater quantities, specialization, and quality levels demanded for the more complex products of today has posed greater problems, particularly with regard to the co-ordination and integration of production planning and cont
24、rol functions. Production planning and control thus operates in a dynamic business environment where there are multiple and conflicting objectives at any instant of time. Another inevitable element is uncertainty in many forms technical, demand, availability, time etc. Production may be continuous o
25、r intermittent, for stock or to customer order, and on a vast range of scale. These factors amongst others necessitate a variety of planning and control systems of varying sophistication using many different techniques. It is not the purpose of this glossary to attempt to catalogue techniques but ra
26、ther to define terms which describe the main concepts involved in this field. This glossary will, it is hoped, also have a positive educational role at all levels in industry and particularly for students. The majority of the terms are applicable to intermittent, rather than continuous, manufacture
27、as typified by the production of discrete batches of products in the engineering industry. However, if the glossary proves to be useful there is no reason why terms used in continuous process and, possibly, service industries should not be included in future editions. Prime functions of production p
28、lanning and control upon which the structure of this glossary is based are shown in Figure 1. These involve organizational links with many departments within the typical company. Accordingly, for completeness, it was decided that related selections of quality control and cost control terms should be
29、 included, in appendices rather than in the main body of the glossary, to form an interface with related disciplines. Where possible definitions already established in these spheres were utilized to avoid duplication and proliferation. In the larger types of organization it becomes increasingly diff
30、icult to discern lines of demarcation between departments. The current tendency to aim for an integrated management service and to differentiate more effectively between potential and achievement will no doubt have its effect on usage and require revisions of this glossary in the future. Licensed Co
31、py: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Dec 01 13:34:15 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5191:1975 2 BSI 08-1999 NOTE 1The above diagram is intended as an example of probable inter-relationships and lines of communication. It should not be taken as indicating any form of precedence either
32、vertically or horizontally or as implying any particular organization or structure. NOTE 2Relevant section and appendix references are shown in brackets. Figure 1 Diagrammatic representation of glossary structure Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Dec 01 13:34:15 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontr
33、olled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5191:1975 BSI 08-19993 1 General terms 1.1 Basic 1.2 Product characteristics No.TermDefinition 11001production planning and control Procedures and means by which manufacturing programmes and plans are determined, information issued for their execution and data collected and re
34、corded to control manufacture in accordance with the plans (from BS 3138). 11002production planningThe activities concerned with the analysis of requirements and establishment of the production methods, resources and programmes required. 11003production controlThe activities by which work orders, pu
35、rchase orders and stores requisitions etc. are issued at the correct time to ensure that production operations proceed in accordance with the plans and programmes, and by which any variance between performance and the production plan is monitored and corrective action applied. 12001productAn end ite
36、m or output from a work station, factory or other organizational group. 12002product groupA number of products with one or more common characteristics which make it convenient to combine them for planning and control purposes, for example similar resource or similar marketing requirements. 12003prod
37、uct mixThe proportions of different products being manufactured in a single work station, factory or other organizational group. 12004raw materialMaterials used as input to a production process resulting in finished products. NOTEThe raw material for one organizational group may be the finished prod
38、uct of another. 12005part componentA uniquely identifiable product that is considered indivisible for a particular planning or control purpose. NOTEA part for one organizational group may be the final assembly of another group, e.g. an electric motor. 12006assemblyA combination of parts and possibly
39、 raw materials put together to make up a composite article. 12007subassemblyAny assembly which is not a final assembly. 12008final assemblyAn assembly to which no further parts need to be added. 12009assembly levelThe relative position of a part or subassembly within a hierarchy of assemblies NOTE 1
40、It is recommended that a final assembly be designated assembly level 0; the subassemblies and/or parts constituting a final assembly should be designated assembly level 1, 2, and so on. NOTE 2A particular part or subassembly may appear at more than one level in the hierarchy (see Figure 2). 12010par
41、ts list bill of materials A list of all parts, subassemblies and raw materials that constitute a particular assembly, showing the quantity of each required. NOTEThe list may or may not be structured to show the assembly levels pertaining to each item on the list. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffield
42、un, na, Fri Dec 01 13:34:15 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5191:1975 4 BSI 08-1999 1.3 Process and resource characteristics NOTEIn general subassemblies, parts and raw materials may appear at different levels of assembly. However, it is sometimes the practice to put particular types o
43、f component at specified levels. Figure 2 Assembly levels No.TermDefinition 12011where-used list used-on list A list of all assemblies that use a particular part or assembly. 12012design changeA change in the specification of a product which generally results in the issue of an amended drawing but d
44、oes not normally result in a new product (e.g. the introduction of a different thread form in a particular product, or an alteration in tolerances on a machined part). 12013modificationAn alteration made to a physically existing product usually resulting in an improvement in performance and generall
45、y carried out as the result of a design change (e.g. replacing a plain bearing by a sealed roller bearing). NOTEThe changes described in 12012, 12013, and 13004 may variously be: a) Limited, applying only to a specified quantity of product (e.g. the use of special glue on a batch of furniture for tr
46、opical use would be a “limited design change”). b) Immediate, applying to work that has not yet reached the first operation to which the change refers. (This cannot apply to modifications.) c) Retrospective, applying to all products sometimes including those already in service. (This cannot apply to
47、 design or method changes.) 13001process planningThe activity which determines the operations required, and their sequence, to produce a part or assembly. 13002operationThe smallest unit of work taken into account for a particular planning or control purpose. NOTEAn operation may include more than o
48、ne physical process, e.g. assembly of a set of parts into a finished product. 13003routeThe planned sequence of work centres or work stations for the manufacture of a product. 13004method changeA change in the method of manufacture of a product; it may or may not be the result of a design change, an
49、d it does not generally alter the function of a product (e.g. the use of an alternative machining process, a change of tooling, or an alteration in the sequence of assembly). Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Dec 01 13:34:15 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5191:1975 BSI 08-19995 2 Production planning terms 2.1 Forecasting No.TermDefinition 13005work stationThe smallest set of resources for the purpose of planning and control that form a productive unit at a particular location. 13006work centreA set of