《IEEE-C57.134-2000-R2006.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《IEEE-C57.134-2000-R2006.pdf（19页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、Recognized as an American National Standard (ANSI) The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright 2000 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 5 April 2000. Printed in the United
2、States of America. Print: ISBN 0-7381-1988-1 SH94836 PDF: ISBN 0-7381-1989-X SS94836 No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written per- mission of the publisher. IEEE Std C57.134-2000(R2006) IEEE Guide for Determi
3、nation of Hottest-Spot Temperature in Dry-Type Transformers Sponsor Transformers Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society Reaffirmed 30 March 2006 Approved 30 January 2000 IEEE-SA Standards Board Approved 30 January 2000 American National Standards Institute Abstract: Methodologies for determ
4、ination of the steady-state winding hottest-spot temperature in dry-type distribution and power transformers with ventilated, sealed, solid cast, and encapsulated windings built in accordance with IEEE Std C57.12.01-1998 and IEC 60726 (1982-01) are described in this guide. Converter transformers are
5、 not included in this guide. Keywords: ambient temperature, average winding temperature rise, dry-type transformer, production transformer, prototype transformer, temperature measurement, temperature sensors, transformer model, winding hottest-spot temperature Copyright The Institute of Electrical a
6、nd Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=OConnor, Maurice Not for Resale, 04/28/2007 23:45:45 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IEEE Standards documents are developed within the IEEE Societie
7、s and the Standards Coordinating Com- mittees of the IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA) Standards Board. Members of the committees serve voluntarily and without compensation. They are not necessarily members of the Institute. The standards developed within IEEE represent a consensus of the broad e
8、xpertise on the subject within the Institute as well as those activities outside of IEEE that have expressed an interest in participating in the development of the standard. Use of an IEEE Standard is wholly voluntary. The existence of an IEEE Standard does not imply that there are no other ways to
9、produce, test, measure, purchase, market, or provide other goods and services related to the scope of the IEEE Standard. Furthermore, the viewpoint expressed at the time a standard is approved and issued is subject to change brought about through developments in the state of the art and comments rec
10、eived from users of the standard. Every IEEE Standard is subjected to review at least every fi ve years for revision or reaffi rmation. When a document is more than fi ve years old and has not been reaffi rmed, it is rea- sonable to conclude that its contents, although still of some value, do not wh
11、olly refl ect the present state of the art. Users are cautioned to check to determine that they have the latest edition of any IEEE Standard. Comments for revision of IEEE Standards are welcome from any interested party, regardless of membership affi liation with IEEE. Suggestions for changes in doc
12、uments should be in the form of a proposed change of text, together with appropriate supporting comments. Interpretations: Occasionally questions may arise regarding the meaning of portions of standards as they relate to specifi c applications. When the need for interpretations is brought to the att
13、ention of IEEE, the Institute will initiate action to prepare appropriate responses. Since IEEE Standards represent a consensus of all concerned interests, it is important to ensure that any interpretation has also received the concurrence of a balance of interests. For this reason, IEEE and the mem
14、bers of its societies and Standards Coordinating Committees are not able to provide an instant response to interpretation requests except in those cases where the matter has previously received formal consideration. Comments on standards and requests for interpretations should be addressed to: Secre
15、tary, IEEE-SA Standards Board 445 Hoes Lane P.O. Box 1331 Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331 USA Authorization to photocopy portions of any individual standard for internal or personal use is granted by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., provided that the appropriate fee is paid to
16、Copyright Clearance Center. To arrange for payment of licensing fee, please contact Copyright Clearance Center, Cus- tomer Service, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 USA; (978) 750-8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtaine
17、d through the Copy- right Clearance Center. Note: Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent righ
18、ts in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifying patents for which a license may be required by an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention. Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Ele
19、ctronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=OConnor, Maurice Not for Resale, 04/28/2007 23:45:45 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright 2000 IEEE. All rights reserved. iii Introduction (This intr
20、oduction is not part of IEEE Std C57.134-2000, IEEE Guide for Determination of Hottest-Spot Temperature in Dry-Type Transformers.) The hottest-spot allowance is a number used in industry standards to establish the average temperature rise for rating purposes. The rated ambient temperature and hottes
21、t-spot allowance are subtracted from the rated insulation temperature class to determine the average temperature rise to be confi rmed by thermal testing. IEEE Std 1-1986 states that the value of the hottest spot allowance is arbitrary, diffi cult to determine, and depends on many factors, such as s
22、ize and design of the equipment. Based on the 1944 experimental works of Stewart and Whitman and Satterlee, standards used a hottest-spot allowance of 30 C for 80 C average temperature rise. The 30 C hottest-spot temperature allowance established in 1944 for 80 C average tem- perature rise was appro
23、ximately correct for ventilated dry-type transformers produced at that time. The 220 C insulation temperature class, 150 C average temperature rise, was initially used in sealed units. For these units, the 30 C hottest-spot temperature allowance was probably correct due to operation in the hotter in
24、side gas. The 1959 Loading Guide, ANSI Appendix C57.96, used rated load limiting hottest spot temperatures of 150 C for ventilated units and 220 C for sealed units. In 1965, NEMA Standard TR 27 extended the 220 C insulation temperature class to ventilated units. In 1979, IEEE standard C57.12.01 also
25、 adopted the 220 C insulation temperature class for ventilated units. In both these documents, the 30 C hot- test-spot allowance for the 220 C insulation temperature class was retained. In 1989, IEEE Std C57.12.01 and the Loading Guide IEEE C57.96 used a constant to 30 C hottest-spot allowance for a
26、ll insulation tem- perature classes and all size transformers. IEC 60726 (1982-01) uses a variable hottest-spot allowance from 5 C to 30 C. The winding hottest-spot temperature rise and average winding temperature rise are related by a ratio that is dependent upon such factors as the following: a)Tu
27、rn insulation b)Winding height c)Radial build d)Ventilating ducts From this relation, it is evidenced that no single winding hottest-spot temperature allowance is applicable to all types and ratings of transformers due to the variability of factors affecting the winding hottest-spot tem- perature. L
28、aboratory test results reported by Pierce in 1993 validate this fi nding. As a step to establishing appropriate temperature limits, the Dry-Type Hot-Spot Methodology Working Group was encouraged to report their fi ndings on winding hottest-spot temperature measurements. Those reporting have confi rm
29、ed the variability of the winding hottest-spot temperature ratio; however, the quantity of data compiled is insuffi cient for validation of winding hottest-spot temperature limits. To ensure consis- tency and repeatability of results, the working group decided to establish a methodology for determin
30、ation of winding hottest-spot temperature by testing for qualifi cation of a design family or mathematical model, and by testing or calculation for validation of production units. This guide represents the state-of-the-art at the time of publication. It was not possible to provide detailed informati
31、on on determining the hottest-spot temperature or magnitude for the many dry-type transformer designs manufactured. The guide also applies to future designs that incorporate different materials or design concepts not currently produced. The working group deemed it impractical to detail winding confi
32、 gurations and possible hottest-spot locations. The manufacturer has the detailed design knowledge and the responsibil- ity for determining the winding hottest-spot rise. When additional information is available, it will be incor- porated into future revisions of this guide . Copyright The Institute
33、 of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=OConnor, Maurice Not for Resale, 04/28/2007 23:45:45 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- iv Copyright 2000 IEEE. All rights reserved. At
34、 the time this guide was completed, the Dry-Type Hot-Spot Methodology Working Group had the follow- ing membership: P aulette A. Payne , Chair The following members of the balloting committee voted on this standard: When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on 30 January 2000, it had t
35、he following membership: Richard J. Holleman, Chair Donald N. Heirman, Vice Chair Judith Gorman, Secretary *Member Emeritus Also included is the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaison: Robert E. Hebner Catherine Berger IEEE Standards Project Editor David A. Barnard Richard F. Dudley Mic
36、hael E. Haas Timothy Holdway Philip J. Hopkinson Michael Iman Charles W. Johnson, Jr. Alexander Kline Timothy Lewis Dhiru Patel Linden W. Pierce Dilip R. Purohit Michael Schacker Wes W. Schwartz S. H. Aguirre Glenn Andersen Ron L. Barker David A. Barnard Mike Barnes A. Bartek B. L. Beaster Edward A.
37、 Bertolini Alain Bolliger Max A. Cambre Don Chu Thomas F. Clark Peter W. Clarke Jerry L. Corkran John N. Davis J. C. Duart Richard F. Dudley Stephen L. Dyrnes A. S. Gould Richard D. Graham Robert L. Grubb Robert L. Grunert Michael E. Haas N. Wayne Hansen R. R. Hayes Keith R. Highton Philip J. Hopkin
38、son R. Horton James D. Huddleston, III E. W. Hutter Charles W. Johnson Lars-Erik Juhlin Sheldon P. Kennedy J. P. Lazar Donald L. Lowe Don MacMillan William A. Maguire Richard P. Marek K. T. Massouda John W. Matthews Nigel P. McQuin Joe Melanson Daniel H. Mulkey Chuck R. Murray Shantanu Nandi Carl G.
39、 Niemann Paul E. Orehek Wesley F. Patterson Paulette A. Payne Linden W. Pierce Paul Pillitteri Donald W. Platts Tom A. Prevost Dilip R. Purohit John R. Rossetti V. S. N. Sankar Subhas Sarkar Wes W. Schwartz Pat Scully Hyeong Jin Sim R. William Simpson Jr. Tarkeshwar Singh James E. Smith Ronald J. St
40、ahara Peter G. Stewart Craig L. Stiegemeier Ron W. Stoner Richard E. Sullivan Joseph J. Vaschak Barry H. Ward B. Scott Wilson William G. Wimmer Satish K. Aggarwal Dennis Bodson Mark D. Bowman James T. Carlo Gary R. Engmann Harold E. Epstein Jay Forster* Ruben D. Garzon James H. Gurney Lowell G. John
41、son Robert J. Kennelly E. G. “Al” Kiener Joseph L. Koepfi nger* L. Bruce McClung Daleep C. Mohla Robert F. Munzner Louis-Franois Pau Ronald C. Petersen Gerald H. Peterson John B. Posey Gary S. Robinson Akio Tojo Hans E. Weinrich Donald W. Zipse Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics E
42、ngineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=OConnor, Maurice Not for Resale, 04/28/2007 23:45:45 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright 2000 IEEE. All rights reserved. v Contents 1.Overview 1 1.1 Scope 1 1
43、.2 Purpose. 1 1.3 Applications. 1 2.References 1 3.Definitions 2 4.Temperature measurement. 3 4.1 Temperature sensors 3 4.2 Accuracy 3 4.3 Attachment of temperature sensors 3 4.4 Temperature measurement methodology. 3 4.5 Application. 3 5.Determination of winding hottest-spot temperature4 5.1 Valida
44、tion of winding hottest-spot temperature 4 5.2 Effects of winding hottest-spot temperature rise. 4 5.3 Transformer model. 4 5.4 Prototype thermal tests to develop or validate mathematical models 5 Annex A(informative) Temperature measurement methodology. 8 Annex B(informative) Bibliography 12 Copyri
45、ght The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=OConnor, Maurice Not for Resale, 04/28/2007 23:45:45 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright The Institute of Ele
46、ctrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=OConnor, Maurice Not for Resale, 04/28/2007 23:45:45 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- This page is intentionally blank. Copyright 2000 IEEE.
47、 All rights reserved. 1 IEEE Guide for Determination of Hottest-Spot Temperature in Dry-Type Transformers 1. Overview 1.1 Scope This guide describes methodologies for determination of the steady-state winding hottest-spot temperature in dry-type distribution and power transformers with ventilated, s
48、ealed, solid cast, and encapsulated wind- ings built in accordance with IEEE Std C57.12.01-1998 and IEC 60726 (1982-01). Converter transformers are not included in this guide. 1.2 Purpose Assumptions regarding the relation of winding hottest-spot temperature rise to average winding temperature rise
49、are not representative of all dry-type transformer constructions and winding size. A uniform methodol- ogy for determination of winding hottest-spot temperature will provide consistency in testing and calcula- tions for manufacturers verifi cation of the winding hottest-spot temperature to the user, and for validation