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1、 Reference number ISO 13477:2008(E) ISO 2008 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13477 Second edition 2008-03-15 Thermoplastics pipes for the conveyance of fluids Determination of resistance to rapid crack propagation (RCP) Small-scale steady-state test (S4 test) Tubes en matires thermoplastiques pour le tra
2、nsport des fluides Dtermination de la rsistance la propagation rapide de la fissure (RCP) Essai petite chelle tat constant (essai S4) Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 07/25/2008 03:36:17 MDTN
3、o reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 13477:2008(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are lice
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6、to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2008 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocop
7、ying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzer
8、land ii ISO 2008 All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 07/25/2008 03:36:17 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 13477:2008(E) ISO 2008
9、All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references. 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 1 5 Principle. 2 6 Test parameters 2 7 Apparatus 3 7.1 General. 3 7.2 Containment cage. 3 7.3 Gauge length. 3 7.4 Decompression baffles 4 7.5 Crack-ini
10、tiation equipment 4 7.6 End caps 4 8 Test pieces 5 9 Conditioning 5 10 Test procedure 5 11 Interpretation of results 5 12 Test report . 6 Annex A (normative) Determination of critical pressure (or hoop stress). 7 Annex B (normative) Determination of critical temperature 11 Annex C (informative) Crit
11、ical pressure correlation between S4 and full-scale tests for PE pipes 12 Annex D (informative) Fluid decompression and effect on RCP Theoretical analysis 13 Bibliography. 15 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001
12、 Not for Resale, 07/25/2008 03:36:17 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 13477:2008(E) iv ISO 2008 All rights reserved Foreword IISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodie
13、s). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and n
14、on-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Pa
15、rt 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies castin
16、g a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 13477 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 138, Plastics pipes, fittings and valv
17、es for the transport of fluids, Subcommittee SC 5, General properties of pipes, fittings and valves of plastic materials and their accessories Test methods and basic specifications. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 13477:1997), which has been technically revised. Copyr
18、ight International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 07/25/2008 03:36:17 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13477:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved
19、 1 Thermoplastics pipes for the conveyance of fluids Determination of resistance to rapid crack propagation (RCP) Small-scale steady-state test (S4 test) 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a small-scale (S4) test method for determining the arrest or propagation of a crack initiated in a t
20、hermoplastics pipe at a specified temperature and internal pressure. This International Standard is applicable to the assessment of the performance of thermoplastics pipes intended for the supply of gases or liquids. In the latter case, air can also be present in the pipe. NOTE This test method was
21、developed using monolayer thermoplastics pipes. Its applicability to multi-layer/coated pipes has yet to be fully confirmed and is under study. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cit
22、ed applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 161-1, Thermoplastics pipes for the conveyance of fluids Nominal outside diameters and nominal pressures Part 1: Metric series ISO 1167-1, Thermoplastics pipes, fittings and asse
23、mblies for the conveyance of fluids Determination of the resistance to internal pressure Part 1: General method ISO 3126, Plastics piping systems Plastics components Determination of dimensions ISO 11922-1, Thermoplastics pipes for the conveyance of fluids Dimensions and tolerances Part 1: Metric se
24、ries 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the terms and definitions given in ISO 161-1 and ISO 11922-1 apply. 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms di,min minimum internal diameter, in millimetres, of pipe dn nominal external diameter, in millimetres, of pipe en nominal
25、 wall thickness, in millimetres, of pipe Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 07/25/2008 03:36:17 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 13477:2008(E) 2 ISO
26、 2008 All rights reserved lc longitudinal crack length, in millimetres, on the outer surface of the pipe specimen, measured from the centre of the striker blade RCP rapid crack propagation SDR standard dimension ratio (dn/en) T nominal test temperature, in degrees Celsius, as specified by referring
27、standard Tcond conditioning temperature, in degrees Celsius, of pipe (see Clause 9) 5 Principle A section of thermoplastics test pipe of specified length, conditioned to a specified test temperature and containing a fluid at a specified test pressure, is subjected to an impact near one end, designed
28、 to initiate a fast-running longitudinal crack. The crack-initiation process itself is designed so that it disturbs the test pipe as little as possible. The test temperature and/or test pressure are as defined in the referring standard. The fluid or mixture of fluids is identical to that used in the
29、 intended application, or is a substitute fluid which gives equivalent results. The temperature of the fluid is between the test temperature and the laboratory temperature. Rapid decompression ahead of the propagating crack is retarded by internal baffles and by an external cage which restricts flar
30、ing of the test pipe at the edges of the fracture. Retardation of decompression maintains the crack tip stress at a level approaching that of the hoop stress in the pipe developed by internal pressure. This technique achieves steady-state RCP in a short pipe specimen at a lower pressure than that ne
31、cessary to achieve propagation in the same pipe using a full-scale test (FST). The test pipe is subsequently examined to determine whether arrest or propagation of the crack has occurred. From a series of such tests at different pressures but at a constant temperature, the critical pressure or criti
32、cal hoop stress for RCP can be determined (see Annex A). Similarly, by testing at a series of temperatures but at a constant pressure or hoop stress, the critical temperature for RCP can be determined (see Annex B). This test involves fracture of a pipe test piece pressurized with a compressible flu
33、id, normally air. Therefore, the appropriate safety precautions should be taken with respect to noise and the risk of flying debris. 6 Test parameters It is assumed that the following parameters will be set by the referring product standard: a) the diameter(s) and series of the pipe(s) to be tested;
34、 b) the pressurizing fluid(s), e.g. air, or air plus water and proportion; c) the test pressure(s); d) the test temperature(s), see Clause 9. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 07/25/2008 03:36
35、:17 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 13477:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 3 7 Apparatus 7.1 General The apparatus shall generally comply with Figure 1, with essential features as specified in 7.2 to 7.6. The apparatus shall be located in a laborator
36、y maintained at a temperature of no more than 25 C. The test should be carried out in still air to avoid significant change of the pipe surface temperature. Key 1 striker blade 2 anvil 3 test pipe 4 containment-cage rings 5 decompression baffle a Anvil zone. b Gauge length ( 5dn). Figure 1 Apparatus
37、 for S4 test 7.2 Containment cage The containment cage shall allow free expansion of the test pipe during pressurization, but shall restrict radial expansion during fracture to within a maximum diameter of (1,1 0,04)dn at all points round the circumference. The cage rings shall not touch or be suppo
38、rted by the test pipe and shall be concentric with it. Within the region between the crack-initiation point and the end of the gauge length, the pitch of the containment rings shall be (0,35 0,05)dn and the longitudinal width of each ring shall be (0,15 0,05)dn. 7.3 Gauge length The gauge length sha
39、ll be greater than 5dn. At least 70 % of its internal volume shall be occupied by pressurized air that can expand without restriction to drive the test pipe wall radially outwards. Instrumentation shall be provided to measure the static pressure inside the test pipe to an accuracy of 2 %. Copyright
40、International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 07/25/2008 03:36:17 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 13477:2008(E) 4 ISO 2008 All rights reserved 7.4 Decompression baffles
41、 The decompression baffles shall be (0,95 0,01) di,min in diameter. The pitch of the baffles shall be d d n 0 n 0,1 0,4. Baffles should be of a material and thickness sufficient to withstand the forces expected during the test without significant distortion. 7.5 Crack-initiation equipment The length
42、 of the striker-blade edge shall be (0,40 0,05)dn. The height of the blade shall be greater than the nominal wall thickness, en, of the test pipe (see Figure 2). The blade shall not penetrate more deeply than 1en to 1,5en from the outer surface of the test pipe and the striker shall not directly imp
43、act the outside surface of the test pipe with any point other than the blade itself. An internal anvil of circular cross-section shall ensure that the inner surface of the test pipe cannot deform, under impact of the blade, to a diameter of less than (0,98 0,01)di,min throughout the anvil zone. A sl
44、ot shall be provided in the anvil to ensure that the blade is not damaged during crack initiation. The volume of this slot shall not exceed 1 % of d 3 n /4. a Thickness. b Length = (0,4 0,05)dn. c Height en. Figure 2 Striker-blade geometry 7.6 End caps End caps ensuring a leaktight seal shall be fit
45、ted over each end of the test pipe. The end caps should not introduce any additional hoop stress in the pipe. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 07/25/2008 03:36:17 MDTNo reproduction or networ
46、king permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 13477:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 5 8 Test pieces The test pieces shall be straight sections of pipe of length lt, where 7dn u lt u 8dn. The ends shall be square to the test pipe axes. The test pipe surfaces along the gauge length shall not
47、be prepared or treated in any way. The crack-initiation end may be chamfered to facilitate fitting of the test pipe. When difficulty is encountered in the initiation of a satisfactory crack (see 10.1) during the test, notching of the internal surface of the test pipe in the axial direction along the
48、 anvil zone may be carried out. The notch shall be positioned under the point of impact and shall not be extended into the gauge section. A razor notch of at least 1 mm depth has been found to be satisfactory in the case of polyethylene (PE) pipe. 9 Conditioning The conditioning time shall be at least that according to ISO 1167-1 for the wall thickness of the pipe. The test piece shall be conditioned at a temperature, (Tcond 1