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1、 Reference number ISO 16454:2007(E) ISO 2007 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16454 First edition 2007-11-01 Space systems Structural design Stress analysis requirements Systmes spatiaux Conception des structures Exigences relatives lanalyse des contraintes Copyright International Organization for Standar
2、dization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=leee, leee Not for Resale, 11/22/2007 18:33:26 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 16454:2007(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordanc
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5、 Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2007 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise spe
6、cified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office
7、Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2007 All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/11111
8、11001, User=leee, leee Not for Resale, 11/22/2007 18:33:26 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 16454:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references. 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Requirem
9、ents 5 4.1 General. 5 4.2 Basic data 5 4.3 Analysis methodology and software 7 4.4 Structural mathematical model. 7 4.5 Structure mathematical model check. 8 4.6 Failure modes 8 4.7 Critical location analysis 9 4.8 Determination margins of safety. 9 4.9 Report 10 Annex A (informative) Structural mat
10、hematical model check. 11 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=leee, leee Not for Resale, 11/22/2007 18:33:26 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 16454:2007(E)
11、 iv ISO 2007 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body inte
12、rested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnica
13、l Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the t
14、echnical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. I
15、SO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 16454 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles, Subcommittee SC 14, Space systems and operations. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under licen
16、se with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=leee, leee Not for Resale, 11/22/2007 18:33:26 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 16454:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved v Introduction From the beginning of the space age, structural integrity verific
17、ation has been one of the main fields of mechanical specialists activity. Mission failure and potential danger to human life, expensive ground constructions and other public and private property are the most probable consequences in the case of space structural integrity failure. Static strength is
18、one of the most important critical conditions for structural integrity analysis. It is usually the main criteria for space structure weight evaluation. If the space structure is too heavy, the mission could be extremely expensive or impossible to achieve. If the space structure is underdesigned, it
19、could result in structural failure, leading to high risk associated with safety of life, and loss of expensive hardware and other property. It is therefore necessary to specify unique requirements for static strength analysis in order to provide cost effective design and light-weight, reliable and l
20、ow risk structures for space application. The analysis and design of space structures has a long history. This International Standard establishes the preferred requirements related to these techniques for static strength critical condition. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Pr
21、ovided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=leee, leee Not for Resale, 11/22/2007 18:33:26 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licens
22、ee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=leee, leee Not for Resale, 11/22/2007 18:33:26 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16454:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 1 Space systems Structural design Stress analysis requirements 1 Scope This
23、 International Standard is intended to be used for the determination of the stress/strain distribution and margins of safety in launch vehicles and spacecraft primary structure design. Liquid propellant engine structures, solid propellant engine nozzles and the solid propellant itself are not covere
24、d, but liquid propellant tanks, pressure vessels and solid propellant cases are within the scope of this International Standard. This International Standard provides requirements for the determination of maximum stress and corresponding margin of safety under loading, and defines criteria for static
25、 strength failure modes, such as rupture, collapse and detrimental yielding. Critical conditions associated with fatigue, creep and crack growths are not covered. Notwithstanding these limitations in scope, the results of stress calculations based on the requirements of this International Standard a
26、re applicable to other critical condition analyses. In accordance with the requirements of this International Standard, models, methods and procedures for stress determination can also be applied to the displacements and deformation calculations, as well as to the loads definition, applied to substr
27、uctures and structural members of structures under consideration. When this International Standard is applied, it is assumed that temperature distribution has been determined and is used as input data. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of
28、 this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 14622, Space systems Structural design Loads and induced environment ISO 14623, Space systems Pressure vessels and press
29、urized structures Design and operation 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 A-basis allowable mechanical strength value above which at least 99 % of the population of values is expected to fall, with a confidence level of 95 % 3.2
30、allowable load allowable stress allowable strain maximum load (stress, strain) that can be accommodated by a material/structure without potential rupture, collapse or detrimental deformation in a given environment NOTE Allowable loads (stresses, strains) commonly correspond to the statistically base
31、d minimum ultimate strength, buckling strength and yield strength, respectively. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=leee, leee Not for Resale, 11/22/2007 18:33:26 MSTNo reproduction or networking per
32、mitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 16454:2007(E) 2 ISO 2007 All rights reserved 3.3 basic data input data required to perform stress analysis and to determine margins of safety 3.4 B-basis allowable mechanical strength value above which at least 90 % of the population of values is expected to
33、 fall, with a confidence level of 95 % 3.5 collapse failure mode induced by quasi-static compression, shear or combined stress, accompanied by very rapid irreversible loss of load resistance capability 3.6 composite material combination of materials different in composition or form on a macro scale
34、NOTE 1 The constituents retain their identities in the composite. NOTE 2 The constituents can normally be physically identified, and there is an interface between them. 3.7 creep process of a permanent material deformation resulting from long duration under constant or slowly altered load NOTE The u
35、ltimate creep deformation, corresponding to the loss of material integrity is often much larger than ultimate deformation in the case of short time loading. 3.8 critical condition most severe environmental condition in terms of load and temperature, or combination thereof, imposed on a structure, sy
36、stem, subsystem or component during service life 3.9 critical location structural point at which rupture, local buckling or detrimental deformation will first lead to structural failure 3.10 design safety factor coefficient by which limit loads are multiplied in order to account for the statistical
37、variations of loads and structure resistance, and inaccuracies in the knowledge of their statistical distributions 3.11 destabilizing load load that produces compressive stress at critical location 3.12 detrimental yielding metallic structures permanent deformation specified at the system level to b
38、e detrimental 3.13 development test test to provide design information that can be used to check the validity of analytic technique and assumed design parameters, to uncover unexpected system response characteristics, to evaluate design changes, to determine interface compatibility, to prove qualifi
39、cation and acceptance procedures and techniques, to check manufacturing technology, or to establish accept/reject criteria Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=leee, leee Not for Resale, 11/22/2007 18:
40、33:26 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 16454:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 3 3.14 flight-type hardware test test of a flight structure article, a protoflight model, a representative special model or a structural element fabricated with the same or
41、close to flight hardware technology 3.15 gauges thickness and other structure dimensions which relative scattering could result in significant effect on stress levels and/or margin of safety 3.16 knockdown coefficient empirical coefficient, other than design safety factor, which is used to determine
42、 analytically in a simple way actual or allowable loads or stresses, and which is defined on the basis of test results of flight-type structures, model structures or structural members as compared with corresponding stress analysis data 3.17 limit load maximum that can be expected during service lif
43、e and in the presence of the environment NOTE For stabilizing loads, the limit load is the minimum load. 3.18 loads volume forces and moments, concentrated and/or distributed over the structure surfaces or structure, caused by its interaction with environment and adjacent parts of vehicle, and accel
44、erations NOTE This includes pressures, external loads and enforced displacements acted at considered structural element, pretension, inertial loads caused by accelerations and thermal gradients. 3.19 loading case particular condition described in terms of loads/pressures/temperatures combinations, w
45、hich can occur for some parts of structure at the same time during its service life 3.20 local buckling failure mode, which occurs when an alternative equilibrium mode of a structural member exists, and which could lead to detrimental deformation or rupture of that member if it occurs under loading
46、3.21 margin of safety MS expression of the margin of the limit load multiplied by design safety factor against the allowed load Another representation of the concept: AL S DSLL 1 F M fF = (1) where AL F is the allowable load under specified functional conditions (e.g. yield, rupture, collapse, local
47、 buckling); LL F is the limit load; DS f is the design safety factor. NOTE Load can imply corresponding stress or strain. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=leee, leee Not for Resale, 11/22/2007 18:3
48、3:26 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 16454:2007(E) 4 ISO 2007 All rights reserved 3.22 minimum allowable minimum material mechanical properties warranted by the supplier 3.23 pressure external load caused by fluid action on a structural surface NOTE The terms “pressure” and “load” are sometimes referred to simultaneously in this International Standard. 3.24 primary structur