ISO-5580-1985.pdf

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1、5580-85 I 4 8 5 1 9 0 3 0043338 7 rF-35-m International Standard INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATIONOMEXAYHAPOflHAR OPrAHM3AllMR Il0 CTAHAAPTL.(3AMM*ORGANISATlON INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION Non-destructive testing - Industrial radiographic illuminators - Minimum requirements Essais no

2、n destructifs - Ngatoscopes utiliss en radiographie industrielle - Exigences minimales First edition - 1985-03-15 UDC T71.46 : 621.179.152: 778.33 Ref. No. IS0 5580-1985 (E) Descriptors : tests, non-destructive tests, industrial radiography, test equipment, radiographic illuminators, specifications,

3、 marking. O v, Price based on 3 pages _ 5580-85 I 4853703 0041337 r Foreword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0 technica

4、l committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, govern- mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. Draft International Standa

5、rds adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by the IS0 Council. They are approved in accordance with IS0 procedures requiring at least 75 % approval by the member bodies voting. International Standard IS0

6、 5580 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 135, Non-destructive testing. 2 International Organization for Standardization. 1985 Printed in Switzerland # 4853903 O043320 5 r 5580-85 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD I SO 5580- 1985 ( E) Non-destructive testing - Industrial radiographic illuminators - Mini

7、mum requirements 1 Scope and field of application This International Standard specifies the minimum require- ments for industrial illuminators used for viewing radiographs. The function of the illuminator is to allow the viewing of radiographs. The illuminator shall guarantee the same safety of pers

8、onnel as an electric apparatus with maximum voltage, insulation and earthing which is required by corresponding safety standards of electrotechnics in each country where these are applied. 2 Characteristics of radiographic illuminators 2.1 Mechanical construction An illuminator consists of the housi

9、ng with one of the sides being the viewing screen illuminated from the inside. This screen can itself be the diffusing screen. This housing may also contain a system for thermal protection of the radiographs; this system may or may not be ventilated. For the viewing of wet radiographs, the illuminat

10、or shall be so designed as to prevent penetration of the liquid if the radiograph comes into contact with the screen. 2.2 Viewing screen The screens shall be easy to clean and shall be made of a material which is resistant to scratching during cleaning pro- cesses recommended by the manufacturer and

11、 during film viewing. NOTE - The screen may be a combination of elements, all of which should be resistant to heat in terms of deformation and discoloration. The size of the screens shall allow the viewing of a radiograph without excessive glare reaching the eyes of the operator. Should the illumina

12、tor be used for viewing radiographs of dif- ferent sizes, a system of covering masks shall be provided. 2.3 Luminance The screen luminance required depends on the density of the radiographs. The following luminance levels are recommended for the perception of information at various density levels. T

13、he luminance (or brightness) of the illuminated radiograph shall be not less than : - - 30 cd/m2 for film densities Q 2,5 10 cd/m2 for film densities 2,5 and, wherever possible, approximately 100 cd/mz or higher. These minimum values require the following screen luminance : Film density 1 2 3 3,5 4

14、4,5 1,5 2,5 Minimum screen luminance cd/m2 300 1 O00 3 O00 10 O00 10 O00 30 O00 loo O00 300 O00 NOTE - The illuminator may be provided with a device for continuous control of screen luminance. 2.4 Colour of light The colour of the light used to illuminate the radiograph is nor- mally white. However,

15、 in the case of a film with an emulsion type yielding a monocoloured image, light with adapted colours may be used if they have been recommended by the film manufacturers. 2.5 Diffusion of light If the illuminator has a diffusing screen, the light shall be suffi- ciently divergent so that both eyes

16、of the observer receive rays from all parts of the screen. The diffusion factor c f shall exceed 0,7 (see 3.1). 2.6 Uniformity of illumination The screen shall be uniformly illuminated, the uniformity factor g being higher than 0,5 (see 3.2). 2.7 Disturbing light The housing, blinds and covering mas

17、ks shall be constructed in such a manner that no disturbing light hinders the viewing of the radiographs (see clause 3). 1 IS0 5580-1985 (E) 2.8 Anti-glare device Each illuminator shall be fitted with an anti-glare device which, by manual or automatic operation, prevents the operator from being subj

18、ected to excessive glare when the radiograph is removed. 2.9 Heating Appropriate precautions shall be taken to ensure that the temperature of the housing does not exceed 60 OC at the usual contact surfaces after 1 h of intermittent operation (50 YO switched on with maximum of 15 s duration at an amb

19、ient temperature of 20 O C ) . Further precautions shall be taken to ensure that a radiograph of density 2 does not warp after a con- tinuous viewing time of 1 min and 1 h of intermittent operation of the illuminator. 2 5580-85 4851903 0041321 7 p 3 Determination of certain characteristics All photo

20、metric measurements shall be carried out in a dark room. The luminance meter has to be used in the middle part of its measuring scale. Moreover, light escaping from the iliumi- nator even when the viewing screen is completely masked shall not affect the measurements. 3.1 (of diffusing screens) The l

21、uminance shall be measured on a semi-circle, the centre of which is the centre of the screen and the diameter of which is approximately the same as the maximum dimension of the screen, but at least 50 crn. The luminance shall be measured with the aid of an appropriate luminance meter, the sensitive

22、surface of which is a tangent to the curve of the circle (see the figure). Divergence and dispersion of light Figure - Light luminance measurement 5580-85 4853703 0043322 r IS0 5580-1985 (E) These measurements shall be made at angles of 4 5 (L45), 20 (L20) and 5 (Lo) related to the normal. The diffu

23、sion factor o shall be calculated according to the formula L45 + L20 2 L5 ( f = The measurements shall be made successively in both senses of rotation. 3.2 Uniformity of screen luminance The measurements shall be made with the aid of an illumination photometer or other suitable instrument. If the sc

24、reen is rec- tangular, it shall be divided into squares, each side of the squares measuring 3,5 cm, the luminance of each being measured separately. If the screen is circular, the same basic procedure shall be followed. In both cases, the network of the squares shall be so arranged that the middle s

25、quare is centred in the middle of the screen. The average of the four highest and the average of the four lowest results shall be found, which give the average arithmeti- cal values of the luminance L, and Lmin. The uniformity factor g shall then be calculated according to the formula 3.3 Nominal po

26、wer consumption The nominal power consumption is the number of watts being consumed by the illuminator after it has been in continuous operation at full luminance for a minimum period of 30 min. 4 Marking A plate which is attached to the illuminator shall give the following information : a) nominal

27、operating voltage or permissible voltage range; b) nominal main frequency or permissible frequency range; c) or only with one or the other; whether for use with both direct and alternating current d) nominal power consumption; e) maximum luminance in candelas per square metre. 5 Recommendations for use Operating instructions shall be provided with each illuminator to indicate : a) the operation of the apparatus; b) and screens; instructions for the mounting and replacement of lamps c) care and maintenance; d) safety precautions; e) frequency of checking luminance levels.

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